David J Johnson
Biographic Data
| ID | 3602669 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David J Johnson |
| GIVEN NAMES | David J |
| FAMILY NAME | Johnson |
| SIGNATURE | JOHNSON D J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4537-1748 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 81 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Sleep Deprivation and Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot
The current study examines the effect of sleep deprivation and caffeine use on racial bias in the decision to shoot. Participants deprived of sleep for 24 hr (vs. rested participants) made more errors in a shooting task and were more likely to shoot unarmed targets. A diffusion decision model analysis revealed sleep deprivation decreased participants’ ability to extract information from the stimuli, whereas caffeine impacted the threshold separat…
Modeling dating decisions in a mock swiping paradigm
Understanding mechanisms behind discrimination using diffusion decision modeling
Category salience and racial bias in weapon identification
Stereotypes linking Black Americans with guns can have life-altering outcomes, making it important to identify factors that shape such weapon identification biases and how they do so. We report 6 experiments that provide a mechanistic account of how category salience affects weapon identification bias elicited by male faces varying in race (Black, White) and age (men, boys). Behavioral analyses of error rates and response latencies revealed that,…
Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests
To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from 2 separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete 1 version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across diff…
Geographic Variation in the Black-Violence Stereotype
The stereotype that Blacks are violent is pervasive in the United States. Yet little research has examined whether this stereotype is linked to violent behavior from members of different racial groups. We examined how state-level violent crime rates among White and Black Americans predicted the strength of the Black-violence stereotype using a sample of 348,111 individuals from the Project Implicit website. State-level implicit and explicit stere…
Is There Evidence of Racial Disparity in Police Use of Deadly Force? Analyses of Officer-Involved Fatal Shootings in 2015–2016
Is there evidence of a Black–White disparity in death by police gunfire in the United States? This is commonly answered by comparing the odds of being fatally shot for Blacks and Whites, with odds benchmarked against each group’s population proportion. However, adjusting for population values has questionable assumptions given the context of deadly force decisions. We benchmark 2 years of fatal shooting data on 16 crime rate estimates. When adjus…
I See You
Power Poseur
Strong claims have been made that power poses can significantly improve one’s life. Starting from an evolutionary perspective, we reason that expansive poses will have no impact in more realistic situations, as in the presence of an interaction partner or when participants are aware of what the pose should accomplish. Across four dyadic studies including both commonly used outcomes and a negotiation task (which could actually have direct benefits…
How prior information and police experience impact decisions to shoot
Social psychologists have relied on computerized shooting tasks to test whether race influences decisions to shoot. These studies reveal that under some conditions untrained individuals shoot unarmed Black men more than unarmed White men. We modeled the decision to shoot as a sequential sampling process in which people start out with prior biases and accumulate evidence over time until a threshold is reached, prompting a decision. We used this ap…
Advancing Research on Cognitive Processes in Social and Personality Psychology
We provide a primer on a hierarchical extension of the drift diffusion model (DDM). This formal model of decisions is frequently used in the cognitive sciences but infrequently used in social and personality research. Recent advances in model estimation have overcome issues that previously made the hierarchical DDM impractical to implement. Using examples from two paradigms, the first-person shooter task and the flash gambling task, we demonstrat…
Upper Body Strength and Fighting Ability
Sex Differences in Ability to Assess Fighting Ability
Assessment of Fighting Ability
Upper Body Strength from Photo
The Effects of Disgust on Moral Judgments
There is evidence that inducing feelings of disgust increases the severity of moral judgments, but the size of this association has been questioned by a recent meta-analysis. Based on prior research and theory, we tested whether the effects of disgust on moral judgments might be moderated by sensitivity to bodily states (Studies 1 and 2) and the accessibility of mood (Study 2) in two large samples (total N = 1,412). We did not find that disgust d…
Many Labs 3
Commentary and Rejoinder on
Johnson, Cheung, and Donnellan (2014a) reported a failure to replicate Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) ’s effect of cleanliness on moral judgment. However, inspection of the replication data shows that participants provided high numbers of severe moral judgments – a ceiling effect. In the original data percentage of extreme responses per moral dilemma correlated negatively with the effect of the manipulation. In contrast, this correlation was …
Does Cleanliness Influence Moral Judgments
Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) hypothesized that physical cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. In support of this idea, they found that individuals make less severe judgments when they are primed with the concept of cleanliness (Exp. 1) and when they wash their hands after experiencing disgust (Exp. 2). We conducted direct replications of both studies using materials supplied by the original authors. We did not find evidence t…
A New Nabataean Inscription from Wadi Mataha, Petra
This short partial Nabataean dedicatory inscription was found in the Wadi Mataha region of Petra. Probably dated to the mid-first century A.D., it was a votive block dedicated to Dushares for the life of a Nabataean king and his sister, who are described as mlky 'rulers' of the Nabataean state
Ritual and Scripture in Chinese Popular Religion
Literature for the rainbow nation
The rise in critical status of Sol Plaatje's Mhudi is traced, with the connections between the changing political conditions and the (increasingly generous) receptions of the novel sketched. Brief comparisons to canon construction in Roman, English, and United States literatures provide a basis for the argument that a conservative aesthetic is likely to prevail in the new South Africa, with writing “too angry”, “not literary enough”, and “not tru…
Domesticated Deities and Auspicious Emblems
A Second Nabataean Inscription from Tell esh-Shuqafiya, Egypt
A second early Nabataean inscription from Tell esh-Shuqafiya, Egypt, is part of the established collection of the Matḥaf Hariyyat Raznah, Zagazig. Other information concerning the provenance of the inscription is vague or lacking. The inscription was written in Nisan, 36 B. C., and dated to the reigns of Cleopatra VII, Malichus I King of the Nabataeans, and a certain ʾṭlh, apparently a local priest. This unique triple dating also fixes the date o…
A Religio-Legal Nabataean Inscription from the Atargatis/Al-ʿUzza Temple at Petra
During the 1981 excavations at Petra a marble worker's workshop was found, which included an inscribed slab dated to the 37th year of Aretas IV. The four broken lines of text clearly show the religio-legal nature of the original full text and add to the current picture of Nabataean religious background. Script and vocabulary phenomena in the text are also of interest
Many Labs 3
Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests
To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from 2 separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete 1 version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across diff…
Does Cleanliness Influence Moral Judgments
Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) hypothesized that physical cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. In support of this idea, they found that individuals make less severe judgments when they are primed with the concept of cleanliness (Exp. 1) and when they wash their hands after experiencing disgust (Exp. 2). We conducted direct replications of both studies using materials supplied by the original authors. We did not find evidence t…
Advancing Research on Cognitive Processes in Social and Personality Psychology
We provide a primer on a hierarchical extension of the drift diffusion model (DDM). This formal model of decisions is frequently used in the cognitive sciences but infrequently used in social and personality research. Recent advances in model estimation have overcome issues that previously made the hierarchical DDM impractical to implement. Using examples from two paradigms, the first-person shooter task and the flash gambling task, we demonstrat…
Category salience and racial bias in weapon identification
Stereotypes linking Black Americans with guns can have life-altering outcomes, making it important to identify factors that shape such weapon identification biases and how they do so. We report 6 experiments that provide a mechanistic account of how category salience affects weapon identification bias elicited by male faces varying in race (Black, White) and age (men, boys). Behavioral analyses of error rates and response latencies revealed that,…
How prior information and police experience impact decisions to shoot
Social psychologists have relied on computerized shooting tasks to test whether race influences decisions to shoot. These studies reveal that under some conditions untrained individuals shoot unarmed Black men more than unarmed White men. We modeled the decision to shoot as a sequential sampling process in which people start out with prior biases and accumulate evidence over time until a threshold is reached, prompting a decision. We used this ap…
Commentary and Rejoinder on
Johnson, Cheung, and Donnellan (2014a) reported a failure to replicate Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) ’s effect of cleanliness on moral judgment. However, inspection of the replication data shows that participants provided high numbers of severe moral judgments – a ceiling effect. In the original data percentage of extreme responses per moral dilemma correlated negatively with the effect of the manipulation. In contrast, this correlation was …
Modeling dating decisions in a mock swiping paradigm
Understanding mechanisms behind discrimination using diffusion decision modeling
Southwark and the City
Computer Assisted Clinical Decision Making
The Databank of Program Evaluations (DOPE) is an experimental, on-line, telephone accessible, computerized system for acquiring citations and abstracts of treatment evaluation studies that are catalogued by type of client, type of setting, and type of treatment. Though DOPE has been helpful to clinicians for locating evaluation studies of immediate practical application, it is only one of many databases. The study reported here measures the effec…
A Religio-Legal Nabataean Inscription from the Atargatis/Al-ʿUzza Temple at Petra
During the 1981 excavations at Petra a marble worker's workshop was found, which included an inscribed slab dated to the 37th year of Aretas IV. The four broken lines of text clearly show the religio-legal nature of the original full text and add to the current picture of Nabataean religious background. Script and vocabulary phenomena in the text are also of interest
A Second Nabataean Inscription from Tell esh-Shuqafiya, Egypt
A second early Nabataean inscription from Tell esh-Shuqafiya, Egypt, is part of the established collection of the Matḥaf Hariyyat Raznah, Zagazig. Other information concerning the provenance of the inscription is vague or lacking. The inscription was written in Nisan, 36 B. C., and dated to the reigns of Cleopatra VII, Malichus I King of the Nabataeans, and a certain ʾṭlh, apparently a local priest. This unique triple dating also fixes the date o…
Domesticated Deities and Auspicious Emblems
Literature for the rainbow nation
The rise in critical status of Sol Plaatje's Mhudi is traced, with the connections between the changing political conditions and the (increasingly generous) receptions of the novel sketched. Brief comparisons to canon construction in Roman, English, and United States literatures provide a basis for the argument that a conservative aesthetic is likely to prevail in the new South Africa, with writing “too angry”, “not literary enough”, and “not tru…
Ritual and Scripture in Chinese Popular Religion
A New Nabataean Inscription from Wadi Mataha, Petra
This short partial Nabataean dedicatory inscription was found in the Wadi Mataha region of Petra. Probably dated to the mid-first century A.D., it was a votive block dedicated to Dushares for the life of a Nabataean king and his sister, who are described as mlky 'rulers' of the Nabataean state
Commentary and Rejoinder on
Johnson, Cheung, and Donnellan (2014a) reported a failure to replicate Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) ’s effect of cleanliness on moral judgment. However, inspection of the replication data shows that participants provided high numbers of severe moral judgments – a ceiling effect. In the original data percentage of extreme responses per moral dilemma correlated negatively with the effect of the manipulation. In contrast, this correlation was …
Does Cleanliness Influence Moral Judgments
Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) hypothesized that physical cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. In support of this idea, they found that individuals make less severe judgments when they are primed with the concept of cleanliness (Exp. 1) and when they wash their hands after experiencing disgust (Exp. 2). We conducted direct replications of both studies using materials supplied by the original authors. We did not find evidence t…
Upper Body Strength and Fighting Ability
Sex Differences in Ability to Assess Fighting Ability
Assessment of Fighting Ability
Upper Body Strength from Photo
The Effects of Disgust on Moral Judgments
There is evidence that inducing feelings of disgust increases the severity of moral judgments, but the size of this association has been questioned by a recent meta-analysis. Based on prior research and theory, we tested whether the effects of disgust on moral judgments might be moderated by sensitivity to bodily states (Studies 1 and 2) and the accessibility of mood (Study 2) in two large samples (total N = 1,412). We did not find that disgust d…
Many Labs 3
Advancing Research on Cognitive Processes in Social and Personality Psychology
We provide a primer on a hierarchical extension of the drift diffusion model (DDM). This formal model of decisions is frequently used in the cognitive sciences but infrequently used in social and personality research. Recent advances in model estimation have overcome issues that previously made the hierarchical DDM impractical to implement. Using examples from two paradigms, the first-person shooter task and the flash gambling task, we demonstrat…
Power Poseur
Strong claims have been made that power poses can significantly improve one’s life. Starting from an evolutionary perspective, we reason that expansive poses will have no impact in more realistic situations, as in the presence of an interaction partner or when participants are aware of what the pose should accomplish. Across four dyadic studies including both commonly used outcomes and a negotiation task (which could actually have direct benefits…
How prior information and police experience impact decisions to shoot
Social psychologists have relied on computerized shooting tasks to test whether race influences decisions to shoot. These studies reveal that under some conditions untrained individuals shoot unarmed Black men more than unarmed White men. We modeled the decision to shoot as a sequential sampling process in which people start out with prior biases and accumulate evidence over time until a threshold is reached, prompting a decision. We used this ap…
Geographic Variation in the Black-Violence Stereotype
The stereotype that Blacks are violent is pervasive in the United States. Yet little research has examined whether this stereotype is linked to violent behavior from members of different racial groups. We examined how state-level violent crime rates among White and Black Americans predicted the strength of the Black-violence stereotype using a sample of 348,111 individuals from the Project Implicit website. State-level implicit and explicit stere…
Is There Evidence of Racial Disparity in Police Use of Deadly Force? Analyses of Officer-Involved Fatal Shootings in 2015–2016
Is there evidence of a Black–White disparity in death by police gunfire in the United States? This is commonly answered by comparing the odds of being fatally shot for Blacks and Whites, with odds benchmarked against each group’s population proportion. However, adjusting for population values has questionable assumptions given the context of deadly force decisions. We benchmark 2 years of fatal shooting data on 16 crime rate estimates. When adjus…
I See You
Category salience and racial bias in weapon identification
Stereotypes linking Black Americans with guns can have life-altering outcomes, making it important to identify factors that shape such weapon identification biases and how they do so. We report 6 experiments that provide a mechanistic account of how category salience affects weapon identification bias elicited by male faces varying in race (Black, White) and age (men, boys). Behavioral analyses of error rates and response latencies revealed that,…
Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests
To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from 2 separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete 1 version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across diff…
Sleep Deprivation and Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot
The current study examines the effect of sleep deprivation and caffeine use on racial bias in the decision to shoot. Participants deprived of sleep for 24 hr (vs. rested participants) made more errors in a shooting task and were more likely to shoot unarmed targets. A diffusion decision model analysis revealed sleep deprivation decreased participants’ ability to extract information from the stimuli, whereas caffeine impacted the threshold separat…
Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · History (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Art (5 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (5 works)