Jennifer Welsh
Biographic Data
| ID | 3603759 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jennifer Welsh |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jennifer |
| FAMILY NAME | Welsh |
| SIGNATURE | WELSH J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Australian National University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4415-5920 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 232 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Causes of death contributions to the sex gaps in life expectancy: Evidence by education levels from Australia
In all high-income countries, including Australia, females have a longer life expectancy than males. The sex gap in life expectancy has been shown to vary according to highest level of education, a measure of socioeconomic position, with a smaller gap among those with higher education. However, the cause contributions to education-related differences in the sex gap in life expectancy remain unclear but may provide insights into the underlying dri…
Contesting the World: Norm Research in Theory and Practice
Over the past thirty years, norms research has evolved into a significant subfield within International Relations and beyond. 'Contesting the World' delves into the development of norms, exploring their emergence, change and legitimacy on both domestic and international levels. This in-depth volume presents the interpretation-contestation framework, positioning it as the primary theoretical mechanism for understanding norms. Leading scholars span…
Response to Ashley Jackson’s Review of Civilian Protective Agency in Violent Settings
What Future for Peace Operations
Long viewed as an example of effective multilateralism, UN peace operations are facing mounting challenges. Transformations in the landscape of conflict are outpacing their ability to respond. Rising expectations of peacekeeping have led to disenchantment with what they can deliver, while dis- and misinformation tactics undermine the efforts of the UN to make and build peace. As UN peace operations risk becoming another casualty of intensifying i…
Localization in World Politics: Bridging Theory and Practice
This Introduction and Special Forum highlight the importance of localization for the study of world politics, both as a theoretical concept in international relations research on norms and as a set of practices and policies. The article tackles four questions: (1) Why has localization become a focus of scholarly and policy attention? (2) What are the historical precursors of localization? (3) What is being “localized” and who/what is “local”? And…
Educational composition effect on the sex gap in life expectancy: A research note based on evidence from Australia
Life expectancy for females has exceeded that of males globally this century. There is considerable within-country variation in life expectancy related to education. Sex gaps in life expectancy can be decomposed into two components: sex differences in education-specific mortality and sex differences in educational composition. We illustrate this using Australian data for 2016, when the sex gap in life expectancy at age 25 was 3.8 years. The sex g…
Progressivity of out-of-pocket costs under Australia's universal health care system: A national linked data study
BACKGROUND: In line with affordability and equity principles, Medicare-Australia's universal health care program-has measures to contain out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, particularly for lower income households. This study examined the distribution of OOP costs for Medicare-subsidised out-of-hospital services and prescription medicines in Australian households, according to their ability to pay. METHODS: OOP costs for out-of-hospital services and medic…
Inequalities in life expectancy in Australia according to education level: A whole-of-population record linkage study
Education-related inequalities in life expectancy from age 25 years in Australia are substantial, particularly for men. Those with the lowest education level have a life expectancy equivalent to the national average 15-20 years ago. These vast gaps indicate large potential for further gains in life expectancy at the national level and continuing opportunities to improve health equity
Education-related variation in coronary procedure rates and the contribution of private health care in Australia: A prospective cohort study
There is a socioeconomic gradient in coronary procedures with the most disadvantaged patients being less likely to receive angiography following hospital admission for AMI or angina, and revascularisation procedures for angina. Unequal access to private health care contributes to these differences. The extent to which the remaining variation is clinically appropriate, or whether angiography is being underused among people with low socioeconomic p…
Close cousins in protection: The Evolution of Two Norms
The Protection of Civilians (PoC) in peacekeeping and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) populations from atrocity crimes are two norms that emerged at the turn of the new millennium with the aim of protecting vulnerable peoples from mass violence and/or systematic and widespread violations of human rights. To date, most scholars have analysed the discourses over the status, strength and robustness of both norms separately. And yet, the distinct…
Ludwig Camerarius (1573–1651) Eine Biographie: Die Pfälzische Exilregierung im Dreißigjährigen Krieg-Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des politischen Protestantismus
Social capital dynamics and health in mid to later life: Findings from Australia
Our longitudinal findings reveal social capital dynamics and effects on health in mid to later life. Social trust and connectedness could be important enablers for older persons to be more active in the community and potentially benefit their health and wellbeing over time
Psychological distress and ischaemic heart disease: Cause or consequence? Evidence from a large prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) incidence is elevated in people reporting psychological distress. The extent to which this relationship is causal or related to reverse causality-that is, undiagnosed disease causing distress-is unclear. We quantified the relationship between psychological distress and IHD, with consideration of confounding and undiagnosed disease. METHODS: Questionnaire data (2006-2009) from 151 811 cardiovascular diseas…
Hour-glass ceilings: Work-hour thresholds, gendered health inequities
Intergenerational policy and workforce participation in Australia: Using health as a metric
Like many nations, population ageing is challenging Australia's economic future; increasing the workforce participation of mothers and mature-aged adults are two policy strategies to address it. Drawing on a Health in All Policies (HiAPs) framework, our study aims to supply longitudinal evidence on connections between this policy strategy and health. Considering physical inactivity, poor mental health, overweight and obesity we estimate associati…
Health or harm? A cohort study of the importance of job quality in extended workforce participation by older adults
Extended working lives mean that people will be 'exposed' to work for longer, and this exposure will occur at a life stage characterised by declining health for many. Our findings show that ensuring older workers have access to secure jobs which allow for control over work time, skill use and fair rewards will be essential if policy goals to boost participation and productivity, as well as reduce the health and care costs of the elderly, are to b…
Assessing the Risk of Atrocity Crimes
The Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes is a tool developed by the United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect to guide the assessment of the risk of atrocity crimes 1 worldwide. This document builds upon the previous Framework of Analysis for the risk of genocide that was developed in 2009 by the then United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, in order to fulfil its early …
Not all hours are equal: Could Time Be a Social Determinant of Health
Time can be thought of as a resource that people need for good health. Healthy behaviour, accessing health services, working, resting and caring all require time. Like other resources, time is socially shaped, but its relevance to health and health inequality is yet to be established. Drawing from sociology and political economy, we set out the theoretical basis for two measures of time relevant to contemporary, market-based societies. We measure…
Integrating paid work and chronic illness in daily life: A space-time approach to understanding the challenges
The responsibility to prevent: Assessing the gap between rhetoric and reality
This article engages with the debate on the efficacy of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the wake of the Arab Spring by articulating a defence of its role in preventing the commission, escalation, or recurrence of atrocity crimes. Taking as its starting point the claim by UN Secretary-General (UNSG) Ban Ki-moon that prevention remains the most important aspect of the principle of R2P, the article illustrates the extent to which prevention i…
The Responsibility to Protect: Dilemmas of a New Norm
Although the humanitarian rationale for the use of force has gained legitimacy, the consensus around this legitimacy ... has remained both narrow and fragile
Civilian Protection in Libya: Putting Coercion and Controversy Back into RtoP
As noted by other contributors to this roundtable, the response of the international community to civilian deaths in Libya—and the threat of further mass atrocities—is unusual in two key respects. First, Security Council Resolution 1973 authorized “all necessary measures” to protect civilians without the consent of the “host” state. The Council's intentions, and actions, could not be interpreted as anything other than coercive. Second, in contras…
Understanding Nato’s Sustainability: The Limits of Institutionalist Theory
Our assumption in this article is that sustainable peace operations require the involvement of organizations and institutions that are themselves sustainable. We begin by presenting a set of propositions regarding the sustainability of international institutions in which the capacity for adaptation and incremental change are centrally important. We then examine these propositions in relation to NATO, paying particular attention to the ways in whi…
Social capital and health in Australia: An overview from the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia survey
The Imperative to Rebuild: Assessing the Normative Case for Postconflict Reconstruction
The past two decades have witnessed the proliferation of comprehensive international missions of peacebuilding and reconstruction, aimed not simply at bringing conflict to an end but also at preventing its recurrence. Recent missions, ranging from relatively modest involvement to highly complex international administrations, have generated a debate about the rights and duties of international actors to reconstruct postconflict states. In view of …
Social capital and health in Australia: An overview from the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia survey
Not all hours are equal: Could Time Be a Social Determinant of Health
Time can be thought of as a resource that people need for good health. Healthy behaviour, accessing health services, working, resting and caring all require time. Like other resources, time is socially shaped, but its relevance to health and health inequality is yet to be established. Drawing from sociology and political economy, we set out the theoretical basis for two measures of time relevant to contemporary, market-based societies. We measure…
The Responsibility to Protect: Assessing the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
Jennifer Welsh is University Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Somerville College. Carolin Thielking is a doctoral student in International Relations at Oxford. S. Neil MacFarlane is the Lester B. Pearson Professor of International Relations at Oxford and the Director of the Centre for International Studies. The authors would like to thank Henry Shue and the two anonymous reviewers who provided commen…
Hour-glass ceilings: Work-hour thresholds, gendered health inequities
Food Citizenship and Community Food Security: Lessons from Toronto, Canada
The Toronto Food Policy Council (TFPC) was created in 1990 as a vehicle for "food citizenship." Its creators challenged the assumptions that hunger was mainly a problem of income and that the food system was nourishing all Canadians adequately. Working from a vision of food security based on both social justice and environmental sustainability, the TFPC was designed to be multi-sectoral and cross-jurisdictional, and to support project innovation …
The responsibility to prevent: Assessing the gap between rhetoric and reality
This article engages with the debate on the efficacy of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the wake of the Arab Spring by articulating a defence of its role in preventing the commission, escalation, or recurrence of atrocity crimes. Taking as its starting point the claim by UN Secretary-General (UNSG) Ban Ki-moon that prevention remains the most important aspect of the principle of R2P, the article illustrates the extent to which prevention i…
Integrating paid work and chronic illness in daily life: A space-time approach to understanding the challenges
Civilian Protection in Libya: Putting Coercion and Controversy Back into RtoP
As noted by other contributors to this roundtable, the response of the international community to civilian deaths in Libya—and the threat of further mass atrocities—is unusual in two key respects. First, Security Council Resolution 1973 authorized “all necessary measures” to protect civilians without the consent of the “host” state. The Council's intentions, and actions, could not be interpreted as anything other than coercive. Second, in contras…
At Home in the World: Canada's Global Vision for the 21st Century
AT HOME IN THE WORLD Canada's Global Vision for the 21st Century Jennifer Welsh Toronto: HarperCollms Canada, 2004. 266pp, $32.95 cloth (ISBN 0-00-200665-0)Jennifer Welsh has already made quite a splash with this revisionist look Canadian foreign policy for the new century. Not since Andrew Coheris While Canada Slept has a book on Canadian foreign policy made a significant impression not only in academic circles but in the wider reading public. B…
Close cousins in protection: The Evolution of Two Norms
The Protection of Civilians (PoC) in peacekeeping and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) populations from atrocity crimes are two norms that emerged at the turn of the new millennium with the aim of protecting vulnerable peoples from mass violence and/or systematic and widespread violations of human rights. To date, most scholars have analysed the discourses over the status, strength and robustness of both norms separately. And yet, the distinct…
I'' is for Ideology: Conservatism in International Affairs
(2003). ''I'' is for Ideology: Conservatism in International Affairs. Global Society: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 165-185
The Imperative to Rebuild: Assessing the Normative Case for Postconflict Reconstruction
The past two decades have witnessed the proliferation of comprehensive international missions of peacebuilding and reconstruction, aimed not simply at bringing conflict to an end but also at preventing its recurrence. Recent missions, ranging from relatively modest involvement to highly complex international administrations, have generated a debate about the rights and duties of international actors to reconstruct postconflict states. In view of …
Prediction of Failure at University—or Failure of Prediction
S ummary . The validity of a procedure for identifying students at risk of failure on the basis of first term examination results was checked by following up 188 students at risk, from a total of 1902 in Aberdeen University Arts Faculty in session 1974–5. 76 per cent of the students at risk recovered successfully, and 40 per cent of failing students were missed by the procedure. Comparison of students who fail and those who recover, and of failin…
Localization in World Politics: Bridging Theory and Practice
This Introduction and Special Forum highlight the importance of localization for the study of world politics, both as a theoretical concept in international relations research on norms and as a set of practices and policies. The article tackles four questions: (1) Why has localization become a focus of scholarly and policy attention? (2) What are the historical precursors of localization? (3) What is being “localized” and who/what is “local”? And…
What Future for Peace Operations
Long viewed as an example of effective multilateralism, UN peace operations are facing mounting challenges. Transformations in the landscape of conflict are outpacing their ability to respond. Rising expectations of peacekeeping have led to disenchantment with what they can deliver, while dis- and misinformation tactics undermine the efforts of the UN to make and build peace. As UN peace operations risk becoming another casualty of intensifying i…
Educational composition effect on the sex gap in life expectancy: A research note based on evidence from Australia
Life expectancy for females has exceeded that of males globally this century. There is considerable within-country variation in life expectancy related to education. Sex gaps in life expectancy can be decomposed into two components: sex differences in education-specific mortality and sex differences in educational composition. We illustrate this using Australian data for 2016, when the sex gap in life expectancy at age 25 was 3.8 years. The sex g…
Assessing the Risk of Atrocity Crimes
The Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes is a tool developed by the United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect to guide the assessment of the risk of atrocity crimes 1 worldwide. This document builds upon the previous Framework of Analysis for the risk of genocide that was developed in 2009 by the then United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, in order to fulfil its early …
Understanding Nato’s Sustainability: The Limits of Institutionalist Theory
Our assumption in this article is that sustainable peace operations require the involvement of organizations and institutions that are themselves sustainable. We begin by presenting a set of propositions regarding the sustainability of international institutions in which the capacity for adaptation and incremental change are centrally important. We then examine these propositions in relation to NATO, paying particular attention to the ways in whi…
Writing and the PhD student
(1981). Writing and the PhD student. Journal of Geography in Higher Education: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 212-214
Correlates of School Attainment at Different Ability Levels
S ummary . Correlations between school attainment and various intellectual, personality and social variables are reported separately for the top and bottom thirds of the ability range. The ability groups were formed from an age‐group of 2,538 Aberdeen children, who had been given tests yearly between the ages of 11 and 14. Results suggest that secondary school attainment is more difficult to predict in the high ability group than in the low abili…
Correlates of School Attainment at Different Ability Levels
S ummary . Correlations between school attainment and various intellectual, personality and social variables are reported separately for the top and bottom thirds of the ability range. The ability groups were formed from an age‐group of 2,538 Aberdeen children, who had been given tests yearly between the ages of 11 and 14. Results suggest that secondary school attainment is more difficult to predict in the high ability group than in the low abili…
Age of Transfer to Secondary Education: A Postscript
S ummary . Of the year‐group of 2,900 Aberdeen children who had been the subjects of a study on the age of transfer to secondary education, about one quarter went on to the fifth and sixth years of secondary education, and their careers were examined. The best prediction of final secondary school performance was given by assessments of attainment in the first two years of secondary school; next in order were verbal reasoning tests at ages 11, 12 …
Prediction of Failure at University—or Failure of Prediction
S ummary . The validity of a procedure for identifying students at risk of failure on the basis of first term examination results was checked by following up 188 students at risk, from a total of 1902 in Aberdeen University Arts Faculty in session 1974–5. 76 per cent of the students at risk recovered successfully, and 40 per cent of failing students were missed by the procedure. Comparison of students who fail and those who recover, and of failin…
Aspects of the Hidden Curriculum: Teachers' and Pupils' Perceptions in Physical Education
By utilising ideas about the differential effects of the "hidden curriculum", this investigation studied physical education teachers' views of pupils' physical ability and personal qualities, and pupils' perceptions of their teachers, and of themselves. The 2,619 fifteen to sixteen year old pupils selected from twelve Scottish comprehensive schools were categorized as competitive (i.e. they repre sented the school in some form of physical activit…
Writing and the PhD student
(1981). Writing and the PhD student. Journal of Geography in Higher Education: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 212-214
The Rural Community and the Small School
Food Citizenship and Community Food Security: Lessons from Toronto, Canada
The Toronto Food Policy Council (TFPC) was created in 1990 as a vehicle for "food citizenship." Its creators challenged the assumptions that hunger was mainly a problem of income and that the food system was nourishing all Canadians adequately. Working from a vision of food security based on both social justice and environmental sustainability, the TFPC was designed to be multi-sectoral and cross-jurisdictional, and to support project innovation …
The Responsibility to Protect: Assessing the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
Jennifer Welsh is University Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Somerville College. Carolin Thielking is a doctoral student in International Relations at Oxford. S. Neil MacFarlane is the Lester B. Pearson Professor of International Relations at Oxford and the Director of the Centre for International Studies. The authors would like to thank Henry Shue and the two anonymous reviewers who provided commen…
I'' is for Ideology: Conservatism in International Affairs
(2003). ''I'' is for Ideology: Conservatism in International Affairs. Global Society: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 165-185
At Home in the World: Canada's Global Vision for the 21st Century
AT HOME IN THE WORLD Canada's Global Vision for the 21st Century Jennifer Welsh Toronto: HarperCollms Canada, 2004. 266pp, $32.95 cloth (ISBN 0-00-200665-0)Jennifer Welsh has already made quite a splash with this revisionist look Canadian foreign policy for the new century. Not since Andrew Coheris While Canada Slept has a book on Canadian foreign policy made a significant impression not only in academic circles but in the wider reading public. B…
The United Nations Security Council and war: The Evolution of Thought and Practice Since 1945
This text brings together leading scholars and practitioners to provide an analysis of the legal, historical, and political context in which the Security Council operates. They explore the different functions that the Council has acquired over the last 60 years, partly in response to the changing nature of war.
The Imperative to Rebuild: Assessing the Normative Case for Postconflict Reconstruction
The past two decades have witnessed the proliferation of comprehensive international missions of peacebuilding and reconstruction, aimed not simply at bringing conflict to an end but also at preventing its recurrence. Recent missions, ranging from relatively modest involvement to highly complex international administrations, have generated a debate about the rights and duties of international actors to reconstruct postconflict states. In view of …
Social capital and health in Australia: An overview from the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia survey
Civilian Protection in Libya: Putting Coercion and Controversy Back into RtoP
As noted by other contributors to this roundtable, the response of the international community to civilian deaths in Libya—and the threat of further mass atrocities—is unusual in two key respects. First, Security Council Resolution 1973 authorized “all necessary measures” to protect civilians without the consent of the “host” state. The Council's intentions, and actions, could not be interpreted as anything other than coercive. Second, in contras…
Understanding Nato’s Sustainability: The Limits of Institutionalist Theory
Our assumption in this article is that sustainable peace operations require the involvement of organizations and institutions that are themselves sustainable. We begin by presenting a set of propositions regarding the sustainability of international institutions in which the capacity for adaptation and incremental change are centrally important. We then examine these propositions in relation to NATO, paying particular attention to the ways in whi…
The Responsibility to Protect: Dilemmas of a New Norm
Although the humanitarian rationale for the use of force has gained legitimacy, the consensus around this legitimacy ... has remained both narrow and fragile
Integrating paid work and chronic illness in daily life: A space-time approach to understanding the challenges
The responsibility to prevent: Assessing the gap between rhetoric and reality
This article engages with the debate on the efficacy of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the wake of the Arab Spring by articulating a defence of its role in preventing the commission, escalation, or recurrence of atrocity crimes. Taking as its starting point the claim by UN Secretary-General (UNSG) Ban Ki-moon that prevention remains the most important aspect of the principle of R2P, the article illustrates the extent to which prevention i…
Intergenerational policy and workforce participation in Australia: Using health as a metric
Like many nations, population ageing is challenging Australia's economic future; increasing the workforce participation of mothers and mature-aged adults are two policy strategies to address it. Drawing on a Health in All Policies (HiAPs) framework, our study aims to supply longitudinal evidence on connections between this policy strategy and health. Considering physical inactivity, poor mental health, overweight and obesity we estimate associati…
Health or harm? A cohort study of the importance of job quality in extended workforce participation by older adults
Extended working lives mean that people will be 'exposed' to work for longer, and this exposure will occur at a life stage characterised by declining health for many. Our findings show that ensuring older workers have access to secure jobs which allow for control over work time, skill use and fair rewards will be essential if policy goals to boost participation and productivity, as well as reduce the health and care costs of the elderly, are to b…
Assessing the Risk of Atrocity Crimes
The Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes is a tool developed by the United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect to guide the assessment of the risk of atrocity crimes 1 worldwide. This document builds upon the previous Framework of Analysis for the risk of genocide that was developed in 2009 by the then United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, in order to fulfil its early …
Not all hours are equal: Could Time Be a Social Determinant of Health
Time can be thought of as a resource that people need for good health. Healthy behaviour, accessing health services, working, resting and caring all require time. Like other resources, time is socially shaped, but its relevance to health and health inequality is yet to be established. Drawing from sociology and political economy, we set out the theoretical basis for two measures of time relevant to contemporary, market-based societies. We measure…
Social capital dynamics and health in mid to later life: Findings from Australia
Our longitudinal findings reveal social capital dynamics and effects on health in mid to later life. Social trust and connectedness could be important enablers for older persons to be more active in the community and potentially benefit their health and wellbeing over time
Psychological distress and ischaemic heart disease: Cause or consequence? Evidence from a large prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) incidence is elevated in people reporting psychological distress. The extent to which this relationship is causal or related to reverse causality-that is, undiagnosed disease causing distress-is unclear. We quantified the relationship between psychological distress and IHD, with consideration of confounding and undiagnosed disease. METHODS: Questionnaire data (2006-2009) from 151 811 cardiovascular diseas…
Hour-glass ceilings: Work-hour thresholds, gendered health inequities
Political science (20 works) · Sociology (19 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Law (13 works) · Global Peace and Security Dynamics (12 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Economics (9 works) · Economic growth (8 works) · Peacebuilding and International Security (7 works)