James Banks
Biographic Data
| ID | 3605020 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James Banks |
| GIVEN NAMES | James |
| FAMILY NAME | Banks |
| SIGNATURE | BANKS J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Institute for Fiscal Studies |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9726-8921 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 212 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
The Gambling Act 2005 and the (De)regulation of Commercial Gambling in Britain: A State-Corporate Harm
This article explores the forms of harmful practices and harms experienced by individuals since the implementation of the Gambling Act 2005. Employing the state-corporate crime paradigm as an analytical lens through which to examine the narratives of individuals who gamble and affected family members, and supporting secondary sources, it illustrates the 'collateral damage' that has resulted from an industry that embeds harmful practices as a mean…
An examination of the interrelationship between disordered gambling and intimate partner violence
In response to the liberalisation and deregulation of gambling across much of the Western world, academics continue to examine gambling-related harms that result from the increased availability of gambling products and services. This paper explores the interrelationship between disordered gambling and intimate partner violence. Qualitative data were derived from interviews with 26 female research participants, illustrating how intimate partner vi…
The Mental Health Effects of the First Two Months of Lockdown during the Covid‐19 Pandemic in the UK
In this paper, we estimate the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health in the UK. We use longitudinal micro data for the UK over the period 2009–20 to control for pre‐existing trends in mental health and construct individual‐specific counterfactual predictions for April 2020, against which the COVID‐19 mental health outcomes can be assessed. Our analysis reveals substantial effects at the population level, approximately equal in magnitu…
Changing attitudes to risk at older ages: The role of health and other life events
Education, Decision Making, and Economic Rationality
This paper studies the causal effect of education on decision making. In 1972, England raised its minimum school-leaving age from 15 to 16 for students born after September 1, 1957. An online survey was conducted with 2,700 individuals born in a 36-month window on either side of this date. Participants made 25 incentivized risk choices that allow us to measure multiple dimensions of decision making. Despite the policy having effects on education,…
Impacts of migration on health and well-being in later life in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
What they say and what they do: Comparing physical activity across the USA, England and the Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is important for maintaining health, but there are fundamental unanswered questions on how best it should be measured. METHODS: We measured PA in the Netherlands (n=748), the USA (n=540) and England (n=254), both by a 7 day wrist-worn accelerometer and by self-reports. The self-reports included a global self-report on PA and a report on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild activity. RESULTS: The self-rep…
Gambling, Crime and Society
This book explores the manifold actual, possible and probable interconnections between gambling and crime in the context of the increased availability of wagering activities across many regions of the
Retirement and Health
Disability Benefit Receipt and Reform: Reconciling Trends in the United Kingdom
The UK has enacted a number of reforms to the structure of disability benefits that has made it a major case study for other countries thinking of reform. The introduction of Incapacity Benefit in 1995 coincided with a strong decline in disability benefit expenditure, reversing previous sharp increases. From 2008 the replacement of Incapacity Benefit with Employment and Support Allowance was intended to reduce spending further. We bring together …
Values in Criminology and Community Justice
The way we think about crime and the way that society responds to it are imbued with values that can determine what is considered important and what gets attention. Sometimes values that are claimed may not be the values expressed in practice, as we see in the multiple and confusing discourses about victims and offenders, punishment and protection, rights and responsibilities. This collection of writings considers values in crime theory, criminal…
Cohort Profile: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) is a panel study of a representative cohort of men and women living in England aged ≥50 years. It was designed as a sister study to the Health and Retirement Study in the USA and is multidisciplinary in orientation, involving the collection of economic, social, psychological, cognitive, health, biological and genetic data. The study commenced in 2002, and the sample has been followed up every 2 year…
Money, Well-Being, and Loss Aversion: Does an Income Loss Have a Greater Effect on Well-Being Than an Equivalent Income Gain?
Higher income is associated with greater well-being, but do income gains and losses affect well-being differently? Loss aversion, whereby losses loom larger than gains, is typically examined in relation to decisions about anticipated outcomes. Here, using subjective-well-being data from Germany (N = 28,723) and the United Kingdom (N = 20,570), we found that losses in income have a larger effect on well-being than equivalent income gains and that …
Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education
What explains the American disadvantage in health compared with the English? The case of diabetes
BACKGROUND: Middle-aged and older American men and women have almost twice the rate of diabetes of men and women in England. This differential was not explained by conventional risk factors including age, smoking, social position and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This study used large and representative samples of non-minority adults aged 52-85 years taken from the 1999-2006 American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and…
Housing Mobility and Downsizing at Older Ages in Britain and the USA
This paper examines geographic mobility and housing downsizing at older ages in Britain and the USA. Americans downsize housing much more than the British largely because Americans are much more mobile. The principal reasons for greater mobility among older Americans are twofold: (1) greater spatial distribution of geographic distribution of amenities (such as warm weather) and housing costs; (2) greater institutional rigidities in subsidized Bri…
The Effect of Education on Old Age Cognitive Abilities: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design
In this paper we exploit the 1947 change to the minimum school-leaving age in England from 14 to 15, to evaluate the causal effect of a year of education on cognitive abilities at older ages. We use a regression discontinuity design analysis and find a large and significant effect of the reform on males' memory and executive functioning at older ages, using simple cognitive tests from the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA) as our outcom…
Unmasking Deviance: The Visual Construction of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in English National Newspapers
Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults.
OBJECTIVE: A number of mechanisms have been proposed through which social isolation and loneliness may affect health, including health-related behavioral and biological factors. However, it is unclear to what extent isolation and loneliness are independently associated with these pathways. The objective of the present analysis was to determine the impact of social isolation and loneliness, individually as well as simultaneously, on health-related…
Foreign National Prisoners in the UK: Explanations and Implications
This article examines the rapid expansion of the foreign national prison population in the UK against a backdrop of public and political anxiety about immigration and crime. It explores official data considering some of the possible explanations for the growth in the number of foreign national prisoners and the implications this has for penal management. Whilst increases in both the number of foreign nationals entering the UK and the number of fo…
European Regulation of Cross-Border Hate Speech in Cyberspace: The Limits of Legislation
This paper examines the complexities of regulating hate speech on the Internet through legal frameworks. It demonstrates the limitations of unilateral national content legislation and the difficulties inherent in multilateral efforts to regulate the Internet. The paper highlights how the US's commitment to free speech has undermined European efforts to construct a truly international regulatory system. It is argued that a broad coalition of citiz…
Disease prevalence, disease incidence, and mortality in the United States and in England
We find that both disease incidence and disease prevalence are higher among Americans in age groups 55–64 and 70–80, indicating that Americans suffer from higher past cumulative disease risk and experience higher immediate risk of new disease onset compared with the English. In contrast, age-specific mortality rates are similar in the two countries, with an even higher risk among the English after age 65. We also examine reasons for the large fin…
Cognitive Function, Numeracy and Retirement Saving Trajectories
This paper examines the extent to which cognitive abilities relate to differences in trajectories for key economic outcomes as individuals move towards and through their retirement. We look at whether differences in baseline numeracy (measured in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2002) and broader cognitive ability predict the subsequent trajectories of outcomes such as wealth, retirement income and key dimensions of retirement expectat…
Cognitive Function, Financial Literacy and Financial Outcomes at Older Ages: Introduction
Journal Article Cognitive Function, Financial Literacy and Financial Outcomes at Older Ages: Introduction Get access James Banks James Banks Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 120, Issue 548, November 2010, Pages F357–F362, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02393.x Published: 19 October 2010
Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans With That of Europeans
Objectives. We compared the health of older US, English, and other European adults, stratified by wealth. Methods. Representative samples of adults aged 50 to 74 years were interviewed in 2004 in 10 European countries (n = 17 481), England (n = 6527), and the United States (n = 9940). We calculated prevalence rates of 6 chronic diseases and functional limitations. Results. American adults reported worse health than did English or European adults.…
The Effect of Education on Old Age Cognitive Abilities: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design
In this paper we exploit the 1947 change to the minimum school-leaving age in England from 14 to 15, to evaluate the causal effect of a year of education on cognitive abilities at older ages. We use a regression discontinuity design analysis and find a large and significant effect of the reform on males' memory and executive functioning at older ages, using simple cognitive tests from the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA) as our outcom…
Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans With That of Europeans
Objectives. We compared the health of older US, English, and other European adults, stratified by wealth. Methods. Representative samples of adults aged 50 to 74 years were interviewed in 2004 in 10 European countries (n = 17 481), England (n = 6527), and the United States (n = 9940). We calculated prevalence rates of 6 chronic diseases and functional limitations. Results. American adults reported worse health than did English or European adults.…
Cognitive Function, Numeracy and Retirement Saving Trajectories
This paper examines the extent to which cognitive abilities relate to differences in trajectories for key economic outcomes as individuals move towards and through their retirement. We look at whether differences in baseline numeracy (measured in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2002) and broader cognitive ability predict the subsequent trajectories of outcomes such as wealth, retirement income and key dimensions of retirement expectat…
The Internationalisation of Public Welfare Policy
With increasing globalisation of knowledge, there are increased opportunities to 'learn' from the experience of policy interventions elsewhere. This paper presents evidence on the extent of international convergence in public policy, with particular focus on labour, welfare, savings and retirement policy. Questions addressed in this framework include: to what extent is policy diffusion or convergence a real and relevant phenomenon? What role have…
Unmasking Deviance: The Visual Construction of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in English National Newspapers
Impacts of migration on health and well-being in later life in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Housing Mobility and Downsizing at Older Ages in Britain and the USA
This paper examines geographic mobility and housing downsizing at older ages in Britain and the USA. Americans downsize housing much more than the British largely because Americans are much more mobile. The principal reasons for greater mobility among older Americans are twofold: (1) greater spatial distribution of geographic distribution of amenities (such as warm weather) and housing costs; (2) greater institutional rigidities in subsidized Bri…
Equivalence Scale Relativities Revisited
Journal Article Equivalence Scale Relativities Revisited Get access James Banks, James Banks Institute for Fiscal Studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paul Johnson Paul Johnson Institute for Fiscal Studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 104, Issue 425, 1 July 1994, Pages 883–890, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234982 Published: 01 July 199…
Patterns in Household Giving: Evidence From U.K. Data
The Family Expenditure Survey provides a long time series of household-level data on U.K. charitable giving, which previously has not been exploited. Data analyzed for the period 1978-93 reveal a long-term decline in the proportion of households giving to charity, which persists once we control for changes in other characteristics that affect giving, such as income and wealth. The biggest declines in the number of givers are among younger and poo…
Tax Reform and Welfare Measurement: Do We Need Demand System Estimation
The exact measurement of the welfare costs of tax and price reform requires a detailed knowledge of individual preferences. Typically, first order approximations of welfare costs are calculated avoiding detailed knowledge of substitution effects. We drive second order approximations which, unlike first order approximations, require knowledge of the distribution of substitution elasticities. This paper asks to what extent simple approximations can…
Disability Benefit Receipt and Reform: Reconciling Trends in the United Kingdom
The UK has enacted a number of reforms to the structure of disability benefits that has made it a major case study for other countries thinking of reform. The introduction of Incapacity Benefit in 1995 coincided with a strong decline in disability benefit expenditure, reversing previous sharp increases. From 2008 the replacement of Incapacity Benefit with Employment and Support Allowance was intended to reduce spending further. We bring together …
Disease prevalence, disease incidence, and mortality in the United States and in England
We find that both disease incidence and disease prevalence are higher among Americans in age groups 55–64 and 70–80, indicating that Americans suffer from higher past cumulative disease risk and experience higher immediate risk of new disease onset compared with the English. In contrast, age-specific mortality rates are similar in the two countries, with an even higher risk among the English after age 65. We also examine reasons for the large fin…
Cognitive Function, Financial Literacy and Financial Outcomes at Older Ages: Introduction
Journal Article Cognitive Function, Financial Literacy and Financial Outcomes at Older Ages: Introduction Get access James Banks James Banks Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 120, Issue 548, November 2010, Pages F357–F362, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02393.x Published: 19 October 2010
Asset Holding and Consumption Volatility
We investigate the possibility that limited participation in asset markets, and the stock market in particular, might explain the lack of correspondence between the sample moments of the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution and asset returns in U.K. data. We estimate ownership probabilities to separate "likely" shareholders from nonshareholders, enabling us to control for changing composition effects as well as selection into the group. We…
The state of donation: Household Gifts to Charity, 1974-96
Changing attitudes to risk at older ages: The role of health and other life events
What explains the American disadvantage in health compared with the English? The case of diabetes
BACKGROUND: Middle-aged and older American men and women have almost twice the rate of diabetes of men and women in England. This differential was not explained by conventional risk factors including age, smoking, social position and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This study used large and representative samples of non-minority adults aged 52-85 years taken from the 1999-2006 American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and…
What they say and what they do: Comparing physical activity across the USA, England and the Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is important for maintaining health, but there are fundamental unanswered questions on how best it should be measured. METHODS: We measured PA in the Netherlands (n=748), the USA (n=540) and England (n=254), both by a 7 day wrist-worn accelerometer and by self-reports. The self-reports included a global self-report on PA and a report on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild activity. RESULTS: The self-rep…
The Written Recall of Printed Stories by Severely Deaf Children
S ummary . The written recall of printed stories by a sample (N = 16) of severely deaf children (mean age 13:3) was compared with that of a slow‐reading hearing sample. The deaf children recalled as much, or more, of the story content. In general, however, their recall contained more distortions of the kind that indicates a break‐down of the temporal structure of the story. The writing of one story in Sign word order proved to have a facilitatory…
The Gambling Act 2005 and the (De)regulation of Commercial Gambling in Britain: A State-Corporate Harm
This article explores the forms of harmful practices and harms experienced by individuals since the implementation of the Gambling Act 2005. Employing the state-corporate crime paradigm as an analytical lens through which to examine the narratives of individuals who gamble and affected family members, and supporting secondary sources, it illustrates the 'collateral damage' that has resulted from an industry that embeds harmful practices as a mean…
An examination of the interrelationship between disordered gambling and intimate partner violence
In response to the liberalisation and deregulation of gambling across much of the Western world, academics continue to examine gambling-related harms that result from the increased availability of gambling products and services. This paper explores the interrelationship between disordered gambling and intimate partner violence. Qualitative data were derived from interviews with 26 female research participants, illustrating how intimate partner vi…
European Regulation of Cross-Border Hate Speech in Cyberspace: The Limits of Legislation
This paper examines the complexities of regulating hate speech on the Internet through legal frameworks. It demonstrates the limitations of unilateral national content legislation and the difficulties inherent in multilateral efforts to regulate the Internet. The paper highlights how the US's commitment to free speech has undermined European efforts to construct a truly international regulatory system. It is argued that a broad coalition of citiz…
The Written Recall of Printed Stories by Severely Deaf Children
S ummary . The written recall of printed stories by a sample (N = 16) of severely deaf children (mean age 13:3) was compared with that of a slow‐reading hearing sample. The deaf children recalled as much, or more, of the story content. In general, however, their recall contained more distortions of the kind that indicates a break‐down of the temporal structure of the story. The writing of one story in Sign word order proved to have a facilitatory…
Stata
Journal Article STATA Get access Stata. (Computing Resource Center, 1640 Fifth Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA; Fax: 213-310-7551). System Requirements: IBM PC or compatible, Unix. $225 (Academic price); add $100 for ISTATA & STATA together. James Banks James Banks Institute jor Fiscal studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 102, Issue 415, 1 November 1992, Pages 1581–1586,…
The Use of Verbatim and Schematic Strategies in the Recall of Written Stories by Deaf and Hearing Children
S ummary . It is, in general, difficult to study cognitive structures in deaf children: in particular, the enquiry into the nature of their story‐knowledge structures (or story schemata) is fraught with thorny methodological problems. While some of the available evidence would suggest that typical deaf children do not read “story schematically”, theirs may be a problem of lack of access to (rather than absence of) such cognitive structures. On th…
Equivalence Scale Relativities Revisited
Journal Article Equivalence Scale Relativities Revisited Get access James Banks, James Banks Institute for Fiscal Studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paul Johnson Paul Johnson Institute for Fiscal Studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 104, Issue 425, 1 July 1994, Pages 883–890, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234982 Published: 01 July 199…
Tax Reform and Welfare Measurement: Do We Need Demand System Estimation
The exact measurement of the welfare costs of tax and price reform requires a detailed knowledge of individual preferences. Typically, first order approximations of welfare costs are calculated avoiding detailed knowledge of substitution effects. We drive second order approximations which, unlike first order approximations, require knowledge of the distribution of substitution elasticities. This paper asks to what extent simple approximations can…
Quadratic Engel Curves and Consumer Demand
This paper presents a model of consumer demand that is consistent with the observed expenditure patterns of individual consumers in a long time series of expenditure surveys and is also able to provide a detailed welfare analysis of shifts in relative prices. A nonparametric analysis of consumer expenditure patterns suggests that Engel curves require quadratic terms in the logarithm of expenditure. While popular models of demand such as the Trans…
The state of donation: Household Gifts to Charity, 1974-96
Humps and Bumps in Lifetime Consumption
In this article we argue that the life-cycle model that allows demographics to affect household preferences and relaxes the assumption of certainty equivalence can generate hump-shaped consumption profiles over age that are very similar to those observed in household-level data sources and, in particular, match the differences in shape across different education groups. Liquidity constraints or myopia are not required to explain the empirical fea…
Patterns in Household Giving: Evidence From U.K. Data
The Family Expenditure Survey provides a long time series of household-level data on U.K. charitable giving, which previously has not been exploited. Data analyzed for the period 1978-93 reveal a long-term decline in the proportion of households giving to charity, which persists once we control for changes in other characteristics that affect giving, such as income and wealth. The biggest declines in the number of givers are among younger and poo…
What can we Learn from Generational Accounts for the United Kingdom
Journal Article What can we Learn from Generational Accounts for the United Kingdom? Get access James Banks, James Banks Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard Disney, Richard Disney Institute for Fiscal Studies and University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zoe Smith Zoe Smith Institute for F…
Asset Holding and Consumption Volatility
We investigate the possibility that limited participation in asset markets, and the stock market in particular, might explain the lack of correspondence between the sample moments of the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution and asset returns in U.K. data. We estimate ownership probabilities to separate "likely" shareholders from nonshareholders, enabling us to control for changing composition effects as well as selection into the group. We…
The Internationalisation of Public Welfare Policy
With increasing globalisation of knowledge, there are increased opportunities to 'learn' from the experience of policy interventions elsewhere. This paper presents evidence on the extent of international convergence in public policy, with particular focus on labour, welfare, savings and retirement policy. Questions addressed in this framework include: to what extent is policy diffusion or convergence a real and relevant phenomenon? What role have…
Disease and Disadvantage in the United States and in England
CONTEXT: The United States spends considerably more money on health care than the United Kingdom, but whether that translates to better health outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative heath status of older individuals in England and the United States, especially how their health status varies by important indicators of socioeconomic position. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed representative samples of residents aged 55 …
Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans With That of Europeans
Objectives. We compared the health of older US, English, and other European adults, stratified by wealth. Methods. Representative samples of adults aged 50 to 74 years were interviewed in 2004 in 10 European countries (n = 17 481), England (n = 6527), and the United States (n = 9940). We calculated prevalence rates of 6 chronic diseases and functional limitations. Results. American adults reported worse health than did English or European adults.…
Disease prevalence, disease incidence, and mortality in the United States and in England
We find that both disease incidence and disease prevalence are higher among Americans in age groups 55–64 and 70–80, indicating that Americans suffer from higher past cumulative disease risk and experience higher immediate risk of new disease onset compared with the English. In contrast, age-specific mortality rates are similar in the two countries, with an even higher risk among the English after age 65. We also examine reasons for the large fin…
Cognitive Function, Numeracy and Retirement Saving Trajectories
This paper examines the extent to which cognitive abilities relate to differences in trajectories for key economic outcomes as individuals move towards and through their retirement. We look at whether differences in baseline numeracy (measured in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2002) and broader cognitive ability predict the subsequent trajectories of outcomes such as wealth, retirement income and key dimensions of retirement expectat…
Cognitive Function, Financial Literacy and Financial Outcomes at Older Ages: Introduction
Journal Article Cognitive Function, Financial Literacy and Financial Outcomes at Older Ages: Introduction Get access James Banks James Banks Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 120, Issue 548, November 2010, Pages F357–F362, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02393.x Published: 19 October 2010
Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults.
OBJECTIVE: A number of mechanisms have been proposed through which social isolation and loneliness may affect health, including health-related behavioral and biological factors. However, it is unclear to what extent isolation and loneliness are independently associated with these pathways. The objective of the present analysis was to determine the impact of social isolation and loneliness, individually as well as simultaneously, on health-related…
Foreign National Prisoners in the UK: Explanations and Implications
This article examines the rapid expansion of the foreign national prison population in the UK against a backdrop of public and political anxiety about immigration and crime. It explores official data considering some of the possible explanations for the growth in the number of foreign national prisoners and the implications this has for penal management. Whilst increases in both the number of foreign nationals entering the UK and the number of fo…
European Regulation of Cross-Border Hate Speech in Cyberspace: The Limits of Legislation
This paper examines the complexities of regulating hate speech on the Internet through legal frameworks. It demonstrates the limitations of unilateral national content legislation and the difficulties inherent in multilateral efforts to regulate the Internet. The paper highlights how the US's commitment to free speech has undermined European efforts to construct a truly international regulatory system. It is argued that a broad coalition of citiz…
Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education
What explains the American disadvantage in health compared with the English? The case of diabetes
BACKGROUND: Middle-aged and older American men and women have almost twice the rate of diabetes of men and women in England. This differential was not explained by conventional risk factors including age, smoking, social position and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This study used large and representative samples of non-minority adults aged 52-85 years taken from the 1999-2006 American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and…
Housing Mobility and Downsizing at Older Ages in Britain and the USA
This paper examines geographic mobility and housing downsizing at older ages in Britain and the USA. Americans downsize housing much more than the British largely because Americans are much more mobile. The principal reasons for greater mobility among older Americans are twofold: (1) greater spatial distribution of geographic distribution of amenities (such as warm weather) and housing costs; (2) greater institutional rigidities in subsidized Bri…
The Effect of Education on Old Age Cognitive Abilities: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design
In this paper we exploit the 1947 change to the minimum school-leaving age in England from 14 to 15, to evaluate the causal effect of a year of education on cognitive abilities at older ages. We use a regression discontinuity design analysis and find a large and significant effect of the reform on males' memory and executive functioning at older ages, using simple cognitive tests from the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA) as our outcom…
Unmasking Deviance: The Visual Construction of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in English National Newspapers
Economics (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Political science (16 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Demography (11 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (9 works) · Population (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Gerontology (8 works)