Daragh Murray
Biographic Data
| ID | 3606188 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daragh Murray |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daragh |
| FAMILY NAME | Murray |
| SIGNATURE | MURRAY D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Queen Mary University of London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3891-9130 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Facial Recognition Surveillance: Policing and Human Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Scanning millions of faces each year, facial recognition technology (FRT) has become one of today’s fastest-growing and most controversial AI-driven surveillance technologies. Based on rare ethnographic access to police FRT deployments, this book examines the role and impact of this technology on operational practices, surveillance capabilities, and human rights protections. Drawing on the sociology of policing, science and technology studies, an…
Re-thinking international human rights law’s approach to identity in light of surveillance and AI
As AI adoption increases, surveillance-related chilling effects are likely to impair individuals’ ability to freely develop their identities. This article examines International Human Rights Law’s (IHRL) approach to the protection of identity to assess its preparedness against this challenge. It determines that while identity is a central concept in IHRL, no clear and unified approach to the protection of what we term ‘identity as a whole’ exists…
Making Tangible the Long-Term Harm Linked to the Chilling Effects of AI-enabled Surveillance: Can Human Flourishing Inform Human Rights
AI-enabled State surveillance capabilities are likely to exert chilling effects whereby individuals modify their behavior due to a fear of the potential consequences if that behavior is observed. The risk is that chilling effects drive individuals towards the mainstream, slowly reducing the space for personal and political development. This could prove devastating for individuals’ ability to freely develop their identity and, ultimately, for the …
Facial recognition and the end of human rights as we know them
Police Use of Retrospective Facial Recognition Technology: A Step Change in Surveillance Capability Necessitating an Evolution of the Human Rights Law Framework
Retrospective facial recognition (RFR) marks a step change in police surveillance capability that has received surprisingly little attention to‐date. As the legal issues surrounding RFR are uncertain, and as legal challenge is likely, this article makes four key contributions. First, the surveillance capability made possible by RFR is set out. Second, human rights harms associated with RFR are examined, highlighting the ‘chilling effects’ of surv…
The Chilling Effects of Surveillance and Human Rights: Insights from Qualitative Research in Uganda and Zimbabwe
States are increasingly developing and deploying large scale surveillance and AI-enabled analytical capabilities. What is uncertain, however, is the impact this surveillance will have. Will it result in a chilling effect whereby individuals modify their behaviour due to the fear of the consequences that may follow? Understanding any such effect is essential: if surveillance activities interfere with the processes by which individuals develop thei…
I started seeing shadows everywhere: The diverse chilling effects of surveillance in Zimbabwe
Recent years have witnessed growing ubiquity and potency of state surveillance measures with heightened implications for human rights and social justice. While impacts of surveillance are routinely framed through 'privacy' narratives, emphasising 'chilling effects' surfaces a more complex range of harms and rights implications for those who are, or believe they are, subjected to surveillance. Although first emphasised during the McCarthy era, sur…
Open Source Information’s Blind Spot
Digital open source information has been heralded for its democratizing potential, insofar as it allows access to a much broader range of sources and voices than would normally be consulted through traditional methods of information gathering for international criminal investigations. It also helps to overcome some of the physical access barriers that are commonplace in international criminal investigations. At a time when the use of digital open…
New Technologies and the Investigation of International Crimes
Using Human Rights Law to Inform States' Decisions to Deploy AI
States are investing heavily in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and are actively incorporating AI tools across the full spectrum of their decision-making processes. However, AI tools are currently deployed without a full understanding of their impact on individuals or society, and in the absence of effective domestic or international regulatory frameworks. Although this haste to deploy is understandable given AI's significant potential, …
Organizing Rebellion: Non-State Armed Groups under International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights Law, and International Criminal Law Tilman Rodenhauser
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
International Human Rights Law as a Framework for Algorithmic Accountability
Existing approaches to ‘algorithmic accountability’, such as transparency, provide an important baseline, but are insufficient to address the (potential) harm to human rights caused by the use of algorithms in decision-making. In order to effectively address the impact on human rights, we argue that a framework that sets out a shared understanding and means of assessing harm; is capable of dealing with multiple actors and different forms of respo…
Digital Witness: Using Open Source Information for Human Rights Investigation, Documentation, and Accountability
Non-State Armed Groups, Detention Authority in Non-International Armed Conflict, and the Coherence of International Law: Searching for a Way Forward
International humanitarian law establishes explicit safeguards applicable to detention occurring in non-international armed conflict. However, debate exists as to whether these treaty provisions establish an implicit legal basis for detention. This article approaches this debate in light of the application of international humanitarian law to non-state armed groups. It examines the principal arguments against implicit detention authority and then…
Freedom of Expression, Counter-Terrorism and the Internet in Light of the UK Terrorist Act 2006 and the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
As a result of the ‘War on Terror’ domestic governments and the international community have paid increasing attention to counter-terrorism legislation. Given the meteoric rise in prominence of the Internet, and the ever-expanding ‘terrorist’ use of this entity, it is unsurprising that the Internet has now become the focus of legislative attention. However, what does this mean for one of the most fundamental of human rights, the right to freedom …
International Human Rights Law as a Framework for Algorithmic Accountability
Existing approaches to ‘algorithmic accountability’, such as transparency, provide an important baseline, but are insufficient to address the (potential) harm to human rights caused by the use of algorithms in decision-making. In order to effectively address the impact on human rights, we argue that a framework that sets out a shared understanding and means of assessing harm; is capable of dealing with multiple actors and different forms of respo…
I started seeing shadows everywhere: The diverse chilling effects of surveillance in Zimbabwe
Recent years have witnessed growing ubiquity and potency of state surveillance measures with heightened implications for human rights and social justice. While impacts of surveillance are routinely framed through 'privacy' narratives, emphasising 'chilling effects' surfaces a more complex range of harms and rights implications for those who are, or believe they are, subjected to surveillance. Although first emphasised during the McCarthy era, sur…
The Chilling Effects of Surveillance and Human Rights: Insights from Qualitative Research in Uganda and Zimbabwe
States are increasingly developing and deploying large scale surveillance and AI-enabled analytical capabilities. What is uncertain, however, is the impact this surveillance will have. Will it result in a chilling effect whereby individuals modify their behaviour due to the fear of the consequences that may follow? Understanding any such effect is essential: if surveillance activities interfere with the processes by which individuals develop thei…
Open Source Information’s Blind Spot
Digital open source information has been heralded for its democratizing potential, insofar as it allows access to a much broader range of sources and voices than would normally be consulted through traditional methods of information gathering for international criminal investigations. It also helps to overcome some of the physical access barriers that are commonplace in international criminal investigations. At a time when the use of digital open…
Non-State Armed Groups, Detention Authority in Non-International Armed Conflict, and the Coherence of International Law: Searching for a Way Forward
International humanitarian law establishes explicit safeguards applicable to detention occurring in non-international armed conflict. However, debate exists as to whether these treaty provisions establish an implicit legal basis for detention. This article approaches this debate in light of the application of international humanitarian law to non-state armed groups. It examines the principal arguments against implicit detention authority and then…
Freedom of Expression, Counter-Terrorism and the Internet in Light of the UK Terrorist Act 2006 and the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
As a result of the ‘War on Terror’ domestic governments and the international community have paid increasing attention to counter-terrorism legislation. Given the meteoric rise in prominence of the Internet, and the ever-expanding ‘terrorist’ use of this entity, it is unsurprising that the Internet has now become the focus of legislative attention. However, what does this mean for one of the most fundamental of human rights, the right to freedom …
Non-State Armed Groups, Detention Authority in Non-International Armed Conflict, and the Coherence of International Law: Searching for a Way Forward
International humanitarian law establishes explicit safeguards applicable to detention occurring in non-international armed conflict. However, debate exists as to whether these treaty provisions establish an implicit legal basis for detention. This article approaches this debate in light of the application of international humanitarian law to non-state armed groups. It examines the principal arguments against implicit detention authority and then…
Organizing Rebellion: Non-State Armed Groups under International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights Law, and International Criminal Law Tilman Rodenhauser
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
International Human Rights Law as a Framework for Algorithmic Accountability
Existing approaches to ‘algorithmic accountability’, such as transparency, provide an important baseline, but are insufficient to address the (potential) harm to human rights caused by the use of algorithms in decision-making. In order to effectively address the impact on human rights, we argue that a framework that sets out a shared understanding and means of assessing harm; is capable of dealing with multiple actors and different forms of respo…
Digital Witness: Using Open Source Information for Human Rights Investigation, Documentation, and Accountability
Using Human Rights Law to Inform States' Decisions to Deploy AI
States are investing heavily in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and are actively incorporating AI tools across the full spectrum of their decision-making processes. However, AI tools are currently deployed without a full understanding of their impact on individuals or society, and in the absence of effective domestic or international regulatory frameworks. Although this haste to deploy is understandable given AI's significant potential, …
Open Source Information’s Blind Spot
Digital open source information has been heralded for its democratizing potential, insofar as it allows access to a much broader range of sources and voices than would normally be consulted through traditional methods of information gathering for international criminal investigations. It also helps to overcome some of the physical access barriers that are commonplace in international criminal investigations. At a time when the use of digital open…
New Technologies and the Investigation of International Crimes
The Chilling Effects of Surveillance and Human Rights: Insights from Qualitative Research in Uganda and Zimbabwe
States are increasingly developing and deploying large scale surveillance and AI-enabled analytical capabilities. What is uncertain, however, is the impact this surveillance will have. Will it result in a chilling effect whereby individuals modify their behaviour due to the fear of the consequences that may follow? Understanding any such effect is essential: if surveillance activities interfere with the processes by which individuals develop thei…
I started seeing shadows everywhere: The diverse chilling effects of surveillance in Zimbabwe
Recent years have witnessed growing ubiquity and potency of state surveillance measures with heightened implications for human rights and social justice. While impacts of surveillance are routinely framed through 'privacy' narratives, emphasising 'chilling effects' surfaces a more complex range of harms and rights implications for those who are, or believe they are, subjected to surveillance. Although first emphasised during the McCarthy era, sur…
Making Tangible the Long-Term Harm Linked to the Chilling Effects of AI-enabled Surveillance: Can Human Flourishing Inform Human Rights
AI-enabled State surveillance capabilities are likely to exert chilling effects whereby individuals modify their behavior due to a fear of the potential consequences if that behavior is observed. The risk is that chilling effects drive individuals towards the mainstream, slowly reducing the space for personal and political development. This could prove devastating for individuals’ ability to freely develop their identity and, ultimately, for the …
Facial recognition and the end of human rights as we know them
Police Use of Retrospective Facial Recognition Technology: A Step Change in Surveillance Capability Necessitating an Evolution of the Human Rights Law Framework
Retrospective facial recognition (RFR) marks a step change in police surveillance capability that has received surprisingly little attention to‐date. As the legal issues surrounding RFR are uncertain, and as legal challenge is likely, this article makes four key contributions. First, the surveillance capability made possible by RFR is set out. Second, human rights harms associated with RFR are examined, highlighting the ‘chilling effects’ of surv…
Facial Recognition Surveillance: Policing and Human Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Scanning millions of faces each year, facial recognition technology (FRT) has become one of today’s fastest-growing and most controversial AI-driven surveillance technologies. Based on rare ethnographic access to police FRT deployments, this book examines the role and impact of this technology on operational practices, surveillance capabilities, and human rights protections. Drawing on the sociology of policing, science and technology studies, an…
Re-thinking international human rights law’s approach to identity in light of surveillance and AI
As AI adoption increases, surveillance-related chilling effects are likely to impair individuals’ ability to freely develop their identities. This article examines International Human Rights Law’s (IHRL) approach to the protection of identity to assess its preparedness against this challenge. It determines that while identity is a central concept in IHRL, no clear and unified approach to the protection of what we term ‘identity as a whole’ exists…
Political science (14 works) · Human rights (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Law (10 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Harm (5 works) · International Law and Human Rights (5 works) · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI (4 works) · Politics (4 works)