Mark Graham
Biographic Data
| ID | 3608124 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mark Graham |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mark |
| FAMILY NAME | Graham |
| SIGNATURE | GRAHAM M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Brigham Young University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2521-5190 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 908 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 80 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 6 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Reflection AI: Feeding the machine - the hidden labour behind AI tools and ethical implications for higher education
As university instructors integrate AI tools, such as large language models (LLMs) into their pedagogy, they must grapple with the ethical and practical implications ofthese technologies. This reflection examines the overlooked labour of Cloudworkers and data workers whose contributions make AI systems functional. Drawing on insights obtained from Fairwork’s Cloudwork and AI research, it argues for the adoption of the Fairwork scoring system, as …
Fairness in the Work Behind the Ai Industry: How Action-Research Approaches Can Build Better Labour Conditions
The paper presents findings about the labor conditions on the work behind AI development, with two main goals. First, the aim is to investigate the current labor conditions in the AI industry and point out the lack of quality of outsourced jobs offered by digital labor platforms and Business Process Outsourcing companies, calling attention to the challenges faced by workers and the human costs of AI systems development. Second, it presents a glob…
Introduction to Digital Work in the Planetary Market
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A typology of artificial intelligence data work
This article provides a new typology for understanding human labour integrated into the production of artificial intelligence systems through data preparation and model evaluation. We call these forms of labour 'AI data work' and show how they are an important and necessary element of the artificial intelligence production process. We draw on fieldwork with an artificial intelligence data business process outsourcing centre specialising in comput…
Migration, migrant work(ers) and the gig economy
Migration; gig economy; migrant workers; digital labour platforms; platform economy
Anyone can make a religious object: Undoing spirituality and contemporary art
The spiritual dimensions of art and education have been explored for their potential to offer different ways of understanding or representing knowledge and their potential to inspire transcendence or cultivate wholeness. This article examines connections between transcendent or sacred territories of human existence, teaching, and contemporary art. Experiences of walking in the Himalayan mountains with Tibetan Buddhist monks, conversing with rabbi…
Unpaid labour and territorial extraction in digital value networks
Production in knowledge and data-intensive industries is powered by work that can, in theory, be done from anywhere, via cloudwork platforms. Cloudwork platforms govern data value chains in distinct ways to concentrate power and extract value at the global scale. We argue that unpaid labour is a systemic mechanism of accumulation in these digital value networks. In this paper we demonstrate how it is tied to platform business models and facilitat…
Digital Work, Human Labour, and Development
Employment is considered by many to be a central piece of the development puzzle. The emergence of digital work activities on the African continent has been perceived by observers, policymakers, and development practitioners as a silver bullet for solving the continent’s many socio-economic problems, including joblessness and poverty. Yet, little is known about the impacts of these activities on African workers. This chapter draws from the litera…
Fieldwork Overview
A total of 207 participants were interviewed including digital workers (platform-based workers and call and contact centre workers), policymakers, labour union officials, businesses, small self-employed freelancers/entrepreneurs, private sector associations, industry experts, and development organizations. Some of the workers were interviewed twice. We kept in touch with workers and spoke to them on the phone and exchanged emails over the course …
Digital Taylorism: Freedom, Flexibility, Precarity, and Vulnerability
Undoubtedly, the emergence of the digital economy has generated new economic opportunities for workers on the continent. Thousands of African workers are now performing a vast variety of digital work activities. At the same time, various technological and social-economic barriers influence African workers’ experience of digital work. This chapter describes the lived experiences of those workers. Practically, the chapter narrates African workers’ …
Africa’s New Digital Connectivity and Economic Change
The rapid adoption and diffusion of digital technologies on the continent in the last decade has led many governments and observers to talk about Africa’s ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’. The underlying assertion here is that digital technologies will help African economies move away from the primary sector towards tertiary economic activities, and therefore put them on track for economic development. However, there are genuine concerns about the …
Futures of work: Making a Fairer World for Labour
If the future of work in Africa is to contain decent jobs and fair outcomes for African workers, we need to ensure that we appropriately conceptualize the transnational networks in which digital jobs are embedded. Employers and workers, through the affordances of digital technologies, are seeking each other out on genuinely planetary labour markets, escaping some of the constraints that previously bound them exclusively to their local labour mark…
Hopes and Realities of the Digital
Big hopes about African development are pinned on the digital economy activities, ranging from employment generation to reduction of poverty and inequality. In the context of widespread joblessness on the continent, young African workers—who are often highly educated—are turning to the new job opportunities (e.g. artificial intelligence and machine learning, call centre work, a range of gig work) presented by an emerging information-based economy…
Resilience, Reworking, and Resistance: Hidden Transcripts of the Gig Economy
This chapter examines how African workers exercise agency in the remote gig economy. In addition to the monetary and non-monetary rewards reaped by gig workers, they face significant risks. Gig work platforms and clients/employers exert control over labour power and labour process through the mechanisms of ratings, feedback, user profile registrations, and algorithmic surveillance, thus constraining workers’ autonomy and bargaining power. In fact…
Geographies of Digital Exclusion: Data and Inequality
Social change innovations, citizen science, miniSass and the SDGs
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) describe a course of action to address poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all (https://sdgs.un.org/goals). More specifically, SDG 6 clarifies how water quality, quantity and access are crucial to human well-being, and yet human activities are compromising water resources through over-exploitation, pollution, as well as contributing to the spread of disease. Globally aquati…
Derrière le masque: Les conditions de travail des travailleurs des plateformes numériques pendant la pandémie de Covid‐19
Les plateformes de travail numériques ont souvent été présentées comme une solution au chômage engendré par la pandémie. Cependant, la crise a mis en lumière la vulnérabilité des collaborateurs des plateformes, notamment des travailleurs essentiels parmi eux. Les auteurs examinent le comportement de 191 plate‐formes de 43 pays pendant la pandémie pour savoir si celle‐ci a fait évoluer la branche. Sur la base de critères relatifs à l'équité au tra…
Digital Work in the Planetary Market
Understanding the embedded and disembedded, material and immaterial, territorialized and deterritorialized natures of digital work. Many jobs today can be done from anywhere. Digital technology and widespread internet connectivity allow almost anyone, anywhere, to connect to anyone else to communicate and exchange files, data, video, and audio. In other words, work can be deterritorialized at a planetary scale. This book examines the implications…
The Digital Continent: Placing Africa in Planetary Networks of Work
Only ten years ago, there were more internet users in countries like France or Germany than in all of Africa put together. But much has changed in a decade. The year 2018 marks the first year in human history in which a majority of the world's population are now connected to the internet. This mass connectivity means that we have an internet that no longer connects only the world's wealthy. Workers from Lagos to Johannesburg to Nairobi and everyw…
Driving the digital value network: Economic geographies of global platform capitalism
This paper applies insights from global value chains (GVC)/global production networks (GPN) frameworks to explore the economic geographies brought into being by digital labour platforms. In particular, these perspectives facilitate analyses of power imbalances and value extraction across territories-an under-theorized aspect within platform studies. We theorize this dynamic by introducing the descriptor 'digital value network' (DVN): a digitally …
The disciplinary borderlands of education: Art and STEAM education ( Los límites disciplinares de la educación : arte y educación STEAM )
The emphasis on STEM disciplines in schools has caused advocates for art education to propose the addition of the arts to the study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, transforming STEM into STEAM. However, it is important that the larger purposes of art and education that have traditionally been embraced by the liberal arts are not lost in STEAM education and that the arts are not reduced to a role of cognitive enhancer for othe…
Edit Wars in a Contested Digital City: Mapping Wikipedia’s Uneven Augmentations of Berlin
Wikipedia is an information geography made up of millions of geotagged articles, which augment places with digital layers. These layers shape how people understand, move through, and interact with the world. As such, it is crucial to interrogate how places are augmented with digital layers and by whom. This article builds on the digital geography literature with a novel methodology that can be used to understand the digital representations of cit…
Coding together – coding alone: The role of trust in collaborative programming
In the digital economy, innovation processes increasingly rely on highly specialised know-how and open-source software shared on digital platforms on collaborative programming. The information that feeds into the content on these platforms is provided voluntarily by a vast crowd of knowledgeable users from all over the world. In contributing to the platforms, users invest their time and share knowledge with strangers to add to the rising body of …
Fissuras no Poder Algorítmico: Plataformas, códigos e contestação
Plataformas digitais de trabalho não tentam construir relações fortes e de confiança entre trabalhadores, clientes e plataforma. Em vez disso, as plataformas utilizam uma dupla articulação do poder algorítmico para governar forças de trabalho espacialmente dispersas em sentidos materiais e discursivos. Entretanto, os algoritmos não têm resultados hegemônicos e não retiram totalmente a agência dos trabalhadores das plataformas. Por meio de manipul…
Systematic evaluation of gig work against decent work standards: The development and application of the Fairwork framework
Growth of gig work – short-term tasks organized and mediated by digital labor platforms such as Uber and Upwork – is the focus for an increasing body of research. Yet there has been a lack of systematic frameworks that could evaluate this type of labor against decent work standards, and inform consumers and others about relative adherence to those standards across platforms and sectors. In this article we report the development of the “Fairwork f…
Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy
This article evaluates the job quality of work in the remote gig economy. Such work consists of the remote provision of a wide variety of digital services mediated by online labour platforms. Focusing on workers in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the article draws on semi-structured interviews in six countries ( N = 107) and a cross-regional survey ( N = 679) to detail the manner in which remote gig work is shaped by platform-based algorit…
Hidden transcripts of the gig economy: Labour agency and the new art of resistance among African gig workers
In this article, we examine how remote gig workers in Africa exercise agency to earn and sustain their livelihoods in the gig economy. In addition to the rewards reaped by gig workers, they also face significant risks, such as precarious working conditions and algorithmic workplace monitoring, thus constraining workers' autonomy and bargaining power. Gig workers, as a result, are expected to have fewer opportunities to exert their agency - partic…
Emotional Bureaucracies: Emotions Civil Servants, and Immigrants in the Swedish Welfare State
This article examines how Swedish emotional expression is both reflected in and helps to reproduce the ideology of the welfare state. A Swedish ideal of emotional compatibility and continuity between welfare bureaucracies and their clients has been challenged in the wake of refugee immigration. The resulting multicultural society is understood by civil servants to translate into an emotional complexity that has consequences for the levels of emot…
Workers of the Internet unite? Online freelancer organisation among remote gig economy workers in six Asian and African countries
This article presents findings regarding collective organisation among online freelancers in middle‐income countries. Drawing on research in Southeast Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa, we find that the specific nature of the online freelancing labour process gives rise to a distinctive form of organisation, in which social media groups play a central role in structuring communication and unions are absent. Previous research is limited to either conven…
Networked but Commodified: The (Dis)Embeddedness of Digital Labour in the Gig Economy
This article investigates the (dis)embeddedness of digital labour within the remote gig economy. We use interview and survey data to highlight how platform workers in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are normatively disembedded from social protections through a process of commodification. Normative disembeddedness leaves workers exposed to the vagaries of the external labour market due to an absence of labour regulations and rights. It also …
Uneven Geographies of User-Generated Information: Patterns of Increasing Informational Poverty
Geographies of codified knowledge have always been characterized by stark core–periphery patterns, with some parts of the world at the center of global voice and representation and many others invisible or unheard. Many have pointed to the potential for radical change, however, as digital divides are bridged and 2.5 billion people are now online. With a focus on Wikipedia, which is one of the world's most visible, most used, and most powerful rep…
Geography/internet: Ethereal Alternate Dimensions of Cyberspace or Grounded Augmented Realities
Many of the ways in which we discuss, imagine and envision the internet rely on inaccurate and unhelpful spatial metaphors. This paper focuses on the usage of the 'cyberspace' metaphor and outlines why the reliance by contemporary policymakers on this inherently geographic metaphor matters. The metaphor constrains, enables and structures very distinct ways of imagining the interactions between people, information, code and machines through digita…
Neogeography and the Palimpsests of Place: Web 2.0 and the Construction of a Virtual Earth
Places have always been palimpsests. The contemporary is constantly being constructed upon the foundations of the old. Yet only recently has place begun to take on an entirely new dimension. Millions of places are being represented in cyberspace by a labour force of hundreds of thousands of writers, cartographers and artists. This paper traces the history and geography of virtual places. The virtual Earth is not a simple mirror of its physical co…
An Informational Right to the City? Code, Content, Control, and the Urbanization of Information
Henri Lefebvre talked of the “right to the city” alongside a right to information. As the urban environment becomes increasingly layered by abstract digital representation, Lefebvre's broader theory warrants application to the digital age. Through considering what is entailed by the urbanization of information, this paper examines the problems and implications of any “informational right to the city”. In directing Tony Benn's five questions of po…
Augmented Realities and Uneven Geographies: Exploring the Geolinguistic Contours of the Web
This paper analyzes the digital dimensions of places as represented by online, geocoded references to the economic, social, and political experiences of the city. These digital layers are invisible to the naked eye, but form a central component of the augmentations and mediations of place enabled by hundreds of millions of mobile computing devices and other digital technologies. The analysis highlights how these augmentations of place differ acro…
The Digital Continent: Placing Africa in Planetary Networks of Work
Only ten years ago, there were more internet users in countries like France or Germany than in all of Africa put together. But much has changed in a decade. The year 2018 marks the first year in human history in which a majority of the world's population are now connected to the internet. This mass connectivity means that we have an internet that no longer connects only the world's wealthy. Workers from Lagos to Johannesburg to Nairobi and everyw…
Provenance, power and place: Linked data and opaque digital geographies
The ability of search engines to shape our understandings of the world by controlling what people discover when looking for information is well known. We argue that the power of search engines has become further entrenched in the wake of the current move to restructure the Web according to the logics of 'linked data' and the 'semantic Web'. With the goal of sharing information according to structured formats that computers (rather than humans) ca…
Situating Neogeography
Situating neogeography
Reconsidering the role of the digital in global production networks
Global production networks (GPNs) have become a key framework in conceptualizing linkages, power and structure in globalized production. However, this framework has been less successful in integrating the influence of digital information and ICTs in production, and this problematic in a world where relationships and power are increasingly mediated by digital information flows and resources. We thus look to adapt the GPN framework to allow more su…
Driving the digital value network: Economic geographies of global platform capitalism
This paper applies insights from global value chains (GVC)/global production networks (GPN) frameworks to explore the economic geographies brought into being by digital labour platforms. In particular, these perspectives facilitate analyses of power imbalances and value extraction across territories-an under-theorized aspect within platform studies. We theorize this dynamic by introducing the descriptor 'digital value network' (DVN): a digitally …
Systematic evaluation of gig work against decent work standards: The development and application of the Fairwork framework
Growth of gig work – short-term tasks organized and mediated by digital labor platforms such as Uber and Upwork – is the focus for an increasing body of research. Yet there has been a lack of systematic frameworks that could evaluate this type of labor against decent work standards, and inform consumers and others about relative adherence to those standards across platforms and sectors. In this article we report the development of the “Fairwork f…
Digital Divisions of Labor and Informational Magnetism: Mapping Participation in Wikipedia
There are now more than 3 billion Internet users on our planet. The connections afforded to all of those people, in theory, allow for an unprecedented amount of communication and public participation. The goal of this article is to examine how those potentials match up to actual patterns of participation. By focusing on Wikipedia, the world's largest and most used repository of user-generated content, we are able to gain important insights into t…
Geographical imagination and technological connectivity in East Africa
This paper analyses and compares two transformative moments of technologically mediated change in East Africa, the construction of the Uganda railway between Mombasa and Lake Victoria (1896–1903) and the introduction of fibre‐optic cables that landed into the ports of Dar Es Salaam and Mombasa in 2009. The paper uses discourse analysis to examine how technologically mediated connectivity has been represented by political and economic actors durin…
Migration, migrant work(ers) and the gig economy
Migration; gig economy; migrant workers; digital labour platforms; platform economy
Unpaid labour and territorial extraction in digital value networks
Production in knowledge and data-intensive industries is powered by work that can, in theory, be done from anywhere, via cloudwork platforms. Cloudwork platforms govern data value chains in distinct ways to concentrate power and extract value at the global scale. We argue that unpaid labour is a systemic mechanism of accumulation in these digital value networks. In this paper we demonstrate how it is tied to platform business models and facilitat…
Identity, Place, and Erotic Community Within Gay Leather Culture in Stockholm
There has been much recent attention to the relationship between the construction of place, identity, and the body. This paper examines some of these themes in a presentation of the gay leather scene in Stockholm, Sweden. Based on ethnography of Stockholm's only true leather club, it shows how identity and spatial location are implicated in one another. It also looks at social and cultural processes of containment and dispersion within leather cu…
Maya: Treasures of an Ancient Civilization
The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art
Contradictory Connectivity: Spatial Imaginaries and Technomediated Positionalities in Kenya's Outsourcing Sector
East Africa has traditionally been characterized by stark barriers to nonproximate communication and flows of information. It was the world's last major region without fibre-optic broadband Internet access, and until the summer of 2009 had been forced to rely on slow and costly satellite connectivity. This all changed when the first of four fibre-optic cables was connected in Kenya: bringing with it the promise of fast and affordable Internet acc…
Neogeography and Volunteered Geographic Information: A Conversation with Michael Goodchild and Andrew Turner
Wilson
Masterpieces of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University
The Junius B. Bird Pre-Columbian Textile Conference
Sweat of the Sun Tears of the Moon: Gold and Emerald Treasures of Colombia
Maya: Treasures of an Ancient Civilization
The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art
Aspects of Reproduction and Larval Biology of Arctic Cod ( Boreogadus saida )
Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) were captured from Resolute Bay, Northwest Territories, shipped to Vancouver and reared in holding tanks for up to three years. Spawning and development of larvae were monitored in two separate years. Fish that were in the laboratory for less than one year spawned during the normal spawning period for wild fish, January to February. The timing of spawning was altered by water temperature and light regime. Elevated wa…
Identity, Place, and Erotic Community Within Gay Leather Culture in Stockholm
There has been much recent attention to the relationship between the construction of place, identity, and the body. This paper examines some of these themes in a presentation of the gay leather scene in Stockholm, Sweden. Based on ethnography of Stockholm's only true leather club, it shows how identity and spatial location are implicated in one another. It also looks at social and cultural processes of containment and dispersion within leather cu…
A model for immigrants? The Swedish corporate model and the prevention of ethnic discrimination
Sweden's immigrant policy has often been presented as an ideal in terms of the formal rights and protection it grants immigrants. Yet Sweden did not have a comprehensive law against ethnic discrimination in the labour market until 1994. This article argues that the reason for the delay in legislating against ethnic discrimination and the nature of the eventual legislation lie in the way that the Swedish policy‐making process has traditionally wor…
Follow the yellow brick road: An anthropological outing in queer space
This article contends that anthropology is still operating with theories and models that too often reflect the assumption of the universal heterosexuality of social actors. This assumption has obscured the many significant ways in which 'heterosexual' and 'homosexual' experience of culture and society differ from each other. In order to highlight the nature of some of these differences and their implications for anthropological theorising, approa…
Emotional Bureaucracies: Emotions Civil Servants, and Immigrants in the Swedish Welfare State
This article examines how Swedish emotional expression is both reflected in and helps to reproduce the ideology of the welfare state. A Swedish ideal of emotional compatibility and continuity between welfare bureaucracies and their clients has been challenged in the wake of refugee immigration. The resulting multicultural society is understood by civil servants to translate into an emotional complexity that has consequences for the levels of emot…
Sexual Things
Research Article| April 01 2004 Sexual Things Mark Graham Mark Graham Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google GLQ (2004) 10 (2): 299–303. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-10-2-299 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mark Graham; Sexual Things. GLQ 1 April 2004; 10 (2): 299–303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-10-2-299 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Me…
News and Frontier Consciousness in the Late Roman Empire
Prior to the third century A.D., two broad Roman conceptions of frontiers proliferated and competed: an imperial ideology of rule without limit coexisted with very real and pragmatic attempts to define and defend imperial frontiers. But from about A.D. 250-500, there was a basic shift in mentality, as news from and about frontiers began to portray a more defined Roman world—a world with limits—allowing a new understanding of frontiers as territor…
Mapping DigiPlace: Geocoded Internet Data and the Representation of Place
The recent development of web-based services that combine spatial coordinates and indexes of online material allows any web user to conduct geographically referenced Internet searches. In this paper we characterize the resulting hybrid space as DigiPlace—that is, the use of information ranked and mapped in cyberspace to navigate and understand physical places. We review relevant theories of hybrid combinations of physical and virtual space, how s…
Rumo a uma abordagem integrada da conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade: Lições aprendidas a partir do projeto da biodiversidade do Rio Rideau
Na busca de estratégias para a conservação dos recursos biológicos globais, vem sendo reconhecido, com intensidade crescente, que os métodos científicos convencionais e os arranjos institucionais nem sempre são eficientes para se lidar com a complexidade embutida nas dimensões biofísicas e sociopolíticas desta problemática. No enfrentamento desses desafios, torna-se necessária uma abordagem integrada, capaz de combinar métodos científicos com val…
Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Development
The Internet is frequently touted as the engine of a new revolution that can eliminate poverty and bring prosperity to producers of crafts and commodities in economically impoverished areas of the world. 'E-commerce', 'commodity chains', the 'digital divide', and 'disintermediation' are all inherently geographical ideas, as well as being integral components to many theories of economic development. However, despite a movement by geographers to re…
The Power of Art in Multicultural Education: The International Stories Project
Cultural differences resulting from immigration present many challenges to educators as schools and communities grow increasingly diverse. Teaching children to be tolerant and to understand and app
The Environmental Burden (Disaster?) of Catholic Act Analysis
As the Roman Catholic Church's hierarchy ventures more frequently into the sphere of environmental ethics and makes pronouncements on large-scale environmental problems, its effectiveness will consistently be undercut by its commitment to what is traditionally called "Catholic act analysis," which when used to evaluate a host of commonplace actions leads Catholics to believe that they are morally unproblematic. Yet when these same actions are per…
Different models in different spaces or liberalized optimizations? Competitive strategies among low-cost carriers
Volunteered Geographic Information and Crowdsourcing Disaster Relief: A Case Study of the Haitian Earthquake
This paper outlines the ways in which information technologies (ITs) were used in the Haiti relief effort, especially with respect to web‐based mapping services. Although there were numerous ways in which this took place, this paper focuses on four in particular: CrisisCamp Haiti, OpenStreetMap, Ushahidi, and GeoCommons. This analysis demonstrates that ITs were a key means through which individuals could make a tangible difference in the work of …
Neogeography and the Palimpsests of Place: Web 2.0 and the Construction of a Virtual Earth
Places have always been palimpsests. The contemporary is constantly being constructed upon the foundations of the old. Yet only recently has place begun to take on an entirely new dimension. Millions of places are being represented in cyberspace by a labour force of hundreds of thousands of writers, cartographers and artists. This paper traces the history and geography of virtual places. The virtual Earth is not a simple mirror of its physical co…
A museum and a university co-staff a research scientist
Museums and their roles as cultural institutions have evolved rapidly in the last 50 years. A growing trend toward broadened mandates and other factors have created resource challenges that encourage new opportunities. Although this paper focuses on natural history museums, similar arguments for co-staffing could be formulated for other museums. For natural history museums, the resource challenge extends to a dwindling number of systematics exper…
Featured Graphic: Digital Divide: The Geography of Internet Access
For many people it is hard to imagine life without the Internet. It permeates daily life; it is the medium through which important communication happens (Castells, 2008); it provides the platform for content that augments our material world (Graham, 2010); and it is a vital source of information about almost every imaginable topic. However, it remains that only a minority of the population on our planet have access. This map was therefore created…
Featured Graphic. Mapping the Geoweb: A Geography of Twitter
There is no abstract with this paper
Situating Neogeography
Situating neogeography
Geography/internet: Ethereal Alternate Dimensions of Cyberspace or Grounded Augmented Realities
Many of the ways in which we discuss, imagine and envision the internet rely on inaccurate and unhelpful spatial metaphors. This paper focuses on the usage of the 'cyberspace' metaphor and outlines why the reliance by contemporary policymakers on this inherently geographic metaphor matters. The metaphor constrains, enables and structures very distinct ways of imagining the interactions between people, information, code and machines through digita…
Political science (49 works) · Sociology (44 works) · Computer Science (38 works) · Digital Economy and Work Transformation (29 works) · Economics (27 works) · Engineering (27 works) · Geography (27 works) · Business (24 works) · World Wide Web (21 works) · Law (19 works)