Gary Haynes
Biographic Data
| ID | 3608143 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gary Haynes |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gary |
| FAMILY NAME | Haynes |
| SIGNATURE | HAYNES G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557–0096, USA. |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 727 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Response to Germonpré et al. “Some comments on ‘Friend or Foe? Large canid remains from Pavlovian sites and their archaeozoological context’, a paper by Wilczyński et al. (2020)”
North American Megafauna Extinction: Climate or Overhunting?
Friend or foe? Large canid remains from Pavlovian sites and their archaeozoological context
In this paper we discuss recent claims that dogs were first domesticated from wild wolves in the Middle Upper Paleolithic (MUP), about 27 ka BP. According to our data, we think the presence of large canids at the Pavlovian/MUP sites is a result of hunting specialization and not a sign of an early process of dog domestication. Our interpretation is supported by the following observations, whose implications we discuss: (1) Pavlovian faunal assembl…
A comparative study of woolly mammoths from the Gravettian site Kraków Spadzista (Poland), based on estimated shoulder heights, demography, and life conditions
This article interprets the life conditions of woolly mammoths ( Mammuthus primigenius ) from the Upper Paleolithic archaeological site Kraków Spadzista in Poland. We propose that the mammoths’ irregular mortality profile (also known as age profile) was shaped over several decades by major death events, which serially depleted the youngest cohorts. Taphonomic data and comparisons with other Eurasian archaeological and nonarchaeological sites prov…
North American Megafauna Extinction: Climate or Overhunting?
Obsolete: The Evidence for Human Agency in the Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
Raining more than cats and dogs: Looking back at field studies of noncultural animal-bone occurrences
Finding meaning in mammoth age profiles
Extinctions in North America’s Late Glacial landscapes
Extinctions in North America's Late Glacial landscapes
Osteophagia and bone modifications by giraffe and other large ungulates
Taphonomic comparison of bone modifications caused by wild and captive wolves (Canis lupus)
Still a Puzzle: The Origins of Early Farming in Northwestern Zimbabwe
American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene
American Megafaunal Extinctions At The End Of The Pleistocene
The volume contains summaries of facts, theories, and unsolved problems pertaining to the unexplained extinction of dozens of genera of mostly large terrestrial mammals, which occurred ca. 13,000 calendar years ago in North America and about 1,000 years later in South America. Another equally mysterious wave of extinctions affected large Caribbean islands around 5,000 years ago. The coupling of these extinctions with the earliest appearance of hu…
Afterword, and Thoughts About the Future Literature
Estimates of Clovis-Era Megafaunal Populations and Their Extinction Risks
"Comment on "Redefining the Age of Clovis: "Implications for the Peopling of the Americas"
Waters and Stafford (Reports, 23 February 2007, p. 1122) provided useful information about the age of some Clovis sites but have not definitively established the temporal span of this cultural complex in the Americas. Only a continuing program of radiometric dating and careful stratigraphic correlations can address the lingering ambiguity about the emergence and spread of Clovis culture.
A review of some attacks on the overkill hypothesis, with special attention to misrepresentations and doubletalk
A premature burial: Comments on Grayson and Meltzer's “Requiem for overkill”
The catastrophic extinction of North American mammoths and mastodonts
Archaeological and theoretical evidence reviewed here indicates that Clovis-era foragers exterminated mammoths and mastodonts in North America around 11,000 radiocarbon years ago. The process unfolded quickly as human foragers explored and dispersed into fragmenting habitats where megamammal populations were ecologically stressed. Megamammal extinctions were eco-catastrophes with major ripple effects on floral and faunal communities. Keywords: Ma…
Mammoths, Measured Time, and Mistaken Identities
Mammoth and mastodont sites containing broken or cut bones are not rare in the New World, but their meanings are ambiguous. Studies of recent African elephant bone sites indicate that certain processes in nature create bone modifications that are identical to the end-effects of human actions such as butchering. In designing a rational and efficient approach to the radiometric dating of fossil proboscidean sites, caution and skepticism should ente…
The Power of Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherers: Forward and Backward Searching for Evidence about Mammoth Extinction
The Structure of the Lower Pleistocene Archaeological Record: A Case Study From the Koobi Fora Formation [and Comments and Reply]
Mammoths, mastodonts, and elephants: Biology, Behavior, and the Fossil Record
Frequencies of Spiral and Green-Bone Fractures on Ungulate Limb Bones in Modern Surface Assemblages
During observational fieldwork in undisturbed ranges of free-roaming bison and moose, I have identified approximately 8% of surface bones as spirally or green-fractured due to documented carnivore activity, and 5% as spirally or green-fractured due to trampling or dust wallowing by bison. The bones of smaller species suffer up to 50% breakage. Bone modifications by wild wolves and bears are briefly described, as are characteristics of fractures c…
Utilization and Skeletal Disturbances of North American Prey Carcasses
More than 125 carcasses and skeletal remains of wild bison, moose, and whitetail deer were examined in the field. Most were from closely documented episodes of predation, mass drownings, or other natural causes of death. Predictable and unusual kinds of bone and carcass utilization by timber wolves and bears are described. The variables emphasized include sectioning of carcasses by feeding predators, distribution and dispersal of bones at kill si…
Longitudinal studies of african elephant death and bone deposits
The Structure of the Lower Pleistocene Archaeological Record: A Case Study From the Koobi Fora Formation [and Comments and Reply]
The catastrophic extinction of North American mammoths and mastodonts
Archaeological and theoretical evidence reviewed here indicates that Clovis-era foragers exterminated mammoths and mastodonts in North America around 11,000 radiocarbon years ago. The process unfolded quickly as human foragers explored and dispersed into fragmenting habitats where megamammal populations were ecologically stressed. Megamammal extinctions were eco-catastrophes with major ripple effects on floral and faunal communities. Keywords: Ma…
Zhoukoudian: A Closer Look [and Comments and Reply]
On-site observations on the faunal collections remaining in Beijing from the prewar excavations of Zhoukoudian are reported. Assessments are made regarding the degree to which these collections represent both the faunal remains removed from the site. Comparative studies of the observed materials are then presented with the aim of assessing the relative roles of hominids and other denning animals. It is concluded that, given our current knowledge …
Taphonomic comparison of bone modifications caused by wild and captive wolves (Canis lupus)
Mass deaths and serial predation: Comparative taphonomic studies of modern large mammal death sites
A premature burial: Comments on Grayson and Meltzer's “Requiem for overkill”
Proboscidean die-offs and die-outs: Age profiles in fossil collections
Osteophagia and bone modifications by giraffe and other large ungulates
Mammoths, Measured Time, and Mistaken Identities
Mammoth and mastodont sites containing broken or cut bones are not rare in the New World, but their meanings are ambiguous. Studies of recent African elephant bone sites indicate that certain processes in nature create bone modifications that are identical to the end-effects of human actions such as butchering. In designing a rational and efficient approach to the radiometric dating of fossil proboscidean sites, caution and skepticism should ente…
Friend or foe? Large canid remains from Pavlovian sites and their archaeozoological context
In this paper we discuss recent claims that dogs were first domesticated from wild wolves in the Middle Upper Paleolithic (MUP), about 27 ka BP. According to our data, we think the presence of large canids at the Pavlovian/MUP sites is a result of hunting specialization and not a sign of an early process of dog domestication. Our interpretation is supported by the following observations, whose implications we discuss: (1) Pavlovian faunal assembl…
Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and Recent mammalian bones
Based on inspection of gnawing damage done to bones of modern prey animals, sets of typical damage types or patterns are recognized for certain elements. The presence of these damage patterns suggests carnivore activity even when bones exhibit no identifiable tooth marks or other obvious sign of gnawing. Observations are made of these damage types on bones of Pleistocene and Recent North American mammals, including Bison , proboscidean, Alces, Eq…
Utilization and Skeletal Disturbances of North American Prey Carcasses
More than 125 carcasses and skeletal remains of wild bison, moose, and whitetail deer were examined in the field. Most were from closely documented episodes of predation, mass drownings, or other natural causes of death. Predictable and unusual kinds of bone and carcass utilization by timber wolves and bears are described. The variables emphasized include sectioning of carcasses by feeding predators, distribution and dispersal of bones at kill si…
A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones
Large cats, canids, bears, and hyenas create distinctive types of damage when they gnaw bones. This paper describes the diagnostic characteristics of damage done by each taxon to femora and tibiae of herbivores whose body weights are 300 kg or more. Pleistocene and Recent fossil collections that include gnawed bones might provide data on the presence of carnivores whose own remains are not found in the collections. Information might also be gaine…
Frequencies of Spiral and Green-Bone Fractures on Ungulate Limb Bones in Modern Surface Assemblages
During observational fieldwork in undisturbed ranges of free-roaming bison and moose, I have identified approximately 8% of surface bones as spirally or green-fractured due to documented carnivore activity, and 5% as spirally or green-fractured due to trampling or dust wallowing by bison. The bones of smaller species suffer up to 50% breakage. Bone modifications by wild wolves and bears are briefly described, as are characteristics of fractures c…
Observations on Elephant Mortality and Bones in Water Holes
An unusually severe drought in 1982 led to a temporary die-off of elephants at a natural water source in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Compared to living populations, the age structure of the animals killed by drought is strongly biased toward 2-to 8-year-old animals. However, the fresh carcasses of these young elephants were commingled with weathered remains of adults that had died earlier, creating a mixed skeletal sample whose age structure …
On the Possible Utilization of Camelops by Early Man in North America
Camelops was a major faunal element in late Wisconsin biotic communities over much of North America. Interpretations of possible human association with Camelops are often based on poorly evaluated evidence. Ideal standards for acceptable evidence are compared here to the actual evidence that has been advanced. Of 25 fossil assemblages examined, 2 might be examples only of geological contemporaneity of humans and Camelops; 2 might indicate behavio…
Age Profiles in Elephant and Mammoth Bone Assemblages
Age profiles of modern African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) populations are significantly affected by drought conditions that cause local die-offs. Subadult animals die in proportions that may be nearly twice what is recorded in live populations. Such biasing of death sample age profiles might also have occurred during late Pleistocene die-offs of Mammuthus . This comparative study of modern and fossil proboscidean age structures supports a te…
Zhoukoudian: A Closer Look [and Comments and Reply]
On-site observations on the faunal collections remaining in Beijing from the prewar excavations of Zhoukoudian are reported. Assessments are made regarding the degree to which these collections represent both the faunal remains removed from the site. Comparative studies of the observed materials are then presented with the aim of assessing the relative roles of hominids and other denning animals. It is concluded that, given our current knowledge …
Proboscidean die-offs and die-outs: Age profiles in fossil collections
Mass deaths and serial predation: Comparative taphonomic studies of modern large mammal death sites
Longitudinal studies of african elephant death and bone deposits
Mammoths, mastodonts, and elephants: Biology, Behavior, and the Fossil Record
Hunters of the Recent Past . Leslie B. Davis and Brian O. K. Reeves
The Structure of the Lower Pleistocene Archaeological Record: A Case Study From the Koobi Fora Formation [and Comments and Reply]
The Power of Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherers: Forward and Backward Searching for Evidence about Mammoth Extinction
Mammoths, Measured Time, and Mistaken Identities
Mammoth and mastodont sites containing broken or cut bones are not rare in the New World, but their meanings are ambiguous. Studies of recent African elephant bone sites indicate that certain processes in nature create bone modifications that are identical to the end-effects of human actions such as butchering. In designing a rational and efficient approach to the radiometric dating of fossil proboscidean sites, caution and skepticism should ente…
The catastrophic extinction of North American mammoths and mastodonts
Archaeological and theoretical evidence reviewed here indicates that Clovis-era foragers exterminated mammoths and mastodonts in North America around 11,000 radiocarbon years ago. The process unfolded quickly as human foragers explored and dispersed into fragmenting habitats where megamammal populations were ecologically stressed. Megamammal extinctions were eco-catastrophes with major ripple effects on floral and faunal communities. Keywords: Ma…
A premature burial: Comments on Grayson and Meltzer's “Requiem for overkill”
"Comment on "Redefining the Age of Clovis: "Implications for the Peopling of the Americas"
Waters and Stafford (Reports, 23 February 2007, p. 1122) provided useful information about the age of some Clovis sites but have not definitively established the temporal span of this cultural complex in the Americas. Only a continuing program of radiometric dating and careful stratigraphic correlations can address the lingering ambiguity about the emergence and spread of Clovis culture.
A review of some attacks on the overkill hypothesis, with special attention to misrepresentations and doubletalk
American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene
American Megafaunal Extinctions At The End Of The Pleistocene
The volume contains summaries of facts, theories, and unsolved problems pertaining to the unexplained extinction of dozens of genera of mostly large terrestrial mammals, which occurred ca. 13,000 calendar years ago in North America and about 1,000 years later in South America. Another equally mysterious wave of extinctions affected large Caribbean islands around 5,000 years ago. The coupling of these extinctions with the earliest appearance of hu…
Afterword, and Thoughts About the Future Literature
Estimates of Clovis-Era Megafaunal Populations and Their Extinction Risks
Still a Puzzle: The Origins of Early Farming in Northwestern Zimbabwe
Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (29 works) · Archaeology (27 works) · Geography (27 works) · Biology (23 works) · Ecology (15 works) · Wildlife Ecology and Conservation (15 works) · Paleontology (13 works) · Pleistocene (13 works) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (12 works) · Geology (11 works)