Craig M Lee
Biographic Data
| ID | 3608334 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Craig M Lee |
| GIVEN NAMES | Craig M |
| FAMILY NAME | Lee |
| SIGNATURE | LEE C M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Montana State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3479-801X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 44 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Deep waters a significant source of Black Carbon aerosols in the Arabian Sea
In-situ observations of atmospheric Black Carbon (BC) aerosols over the northern Indian Ocean are sparse, especially during the Indian Summer Monsoon season due to harsh and challenging oceanic conditions associated with strong south-westerly winds and rough sea states. In the present study, we measured atmospheric BC over the Arabian Sea (AS) during June on board a research expedition. While BC is expected to decrease as we move away from contin…
Frozen Pasts 5
Frozen Pasts 5 (FP 5), the 5th International Glacial and Ice Patch Archaeology Conference, occurred 7-10 September 2021 at Chico Hot Springs Resort midway between Yellowstone National Park and Bozeman, Montana, USA. The Frozen Pasts meetings are international gatherings of interdisciplinary researchers focusing on glacial and ice patch archaeology and related environments
Overview of Interdisciplinary Ice Patch Research in the Greater Yellowstone Region, USA
.
Organic layers preserved in ice patches
Growing season temperatures play a crucial role in controlling treeline elevation at regional to global scales. However, understanding of treeline dynamics in response to long-term changes in temperature is limited. In this study, we analyze pollen, plant macrofossils, and charcoal preserved in organic layers within a 10,400-year-old ice patch and in sediment from a 6000-year-old wetland located above present-day treeline in the Beartooth Mountai…
An Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar at a Greater Yellowstone Area Ice Patch
Ice patches are an irreplaceable archive of past events. With atypical melting now occurring around the world, it is important to be able to quantify and interpret the potential of what remains in areas of archaeological interest. A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted at an archaeologically productive ice patch in the Greater Yellowstone Area to identify sediment layers in which archaeological materials may be present. Numerous re…
An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment
The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we intro…
Drivelines, hunting blinds, effigies and intercept hunting strategies in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA
This paper shares a description of cairn lines and hunting blinds in association with an ice patch in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Until now no definitive stone features, including drivelines and hunting blinds, have been reported in association with Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ice patches; however, such features are known from ice patches in northern North America, eg Yukon Territory. In the system reported here, the ice patch is presume…
Observations of thermohaline sound-speed structure induced by internal waves and spice in the summer 2015 Canada Basin marginal ice zone
The Arctic seas are in a period of transition as they adjust to stimuli from anthropogenic climate change. The acoustic response to this adjustment is of fundamental interest, as acoustics provide an important means for Arctic remote sensing, communication and navigation, and there are important biological implications for marine mammals and other organisms that use sound. The Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) is an effort to …
Field observations and results of a 1-D boundary layer model for developing near-surface temperature maxima in the Western Arctic
Summer sea ice extent in the Western Arctic has decreased significantly in recent years resulting in increased solar input into the upper ocean. Here, a comprehensive set of in situshipboard, on-ice, and autonomous ice-ocean measurements were made of the early stages of formation of the near-surface temperature maximum (NSTM) in the Canada Basin. These observations along with the results from a 1-D turbulent boundary layer model indicate that hea…
A practical algorithm for the retrieval of floe size distribution of Arctic sea ice from high-resolution satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery
In this study, we present an algorithm for summer sea ice conditions that semi-automatically produces the floe size distribution of Arctic sea ice from high-resolution satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar data. Currently, floe size distribution data from satellite images are very rare in the literature, mainly due to the lack of a reliable algorithm to produce such data. Here, we developed the algorithm by combining various image analysis methods, …
Ice Patch Hunting in the Greater Yellowstone Area, Rocky Mountains, Usa
Ice patches and the alpine are important elements of the sociocultural landscape of the Greater Yellowstone Area, and they transcend the jurisdictional boundaries that divide the lands on which they occur. The ice patch record complements traditional sources of archaeological knowledge through the addition of well-dated organic artifacts, such as shafts from hunting tools, recovered in a readily recognizable context. This paper examines the types…
Microcores and microliths in Northwestern Plains and Rocky Mountain front lithic assemblages
Microcores and microliths have been identified in archaeological sites in Montana, Wyoming, and North Dakota. While clearly the product of patterned reduction yielding flakes with roughly parallel sides, the cores seldom produced regular flake removals, suggesting a high degree of variability in the resulting microliths. This irregular pattern of reduction contrasts with classic microblade cores from higher latitudes, where uniformity of microbla…
Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System
The dramatic reduction of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will increase human activities in the coming years. This activity will be driven by increased demand for energy and the marine resources of an Arctic Ocean accessible to ships. Oil and gas exploration, fisheries, mineral extraction, marine transportation, research and development, tourism, and search and rescue will increase the pressure on the vulnerable Arctic environment. Technologies that …
Withering Snow and Ice in the Mid-latitudes
In the mid-latitude mountains of North America, archaeological materials have been identified in association with kinetically stable “ice patches” that attracted animals and their human predators. The stable ice in these features exhibits little internal deformation or movement and can preserve otherwise perishable materials for millennia. Eight prehistoric sites have been identified in association with perennial ice patches within the Greater Ye…
Refining the Chronology of the Agate Basin Complex
The Frazier site (5WL268) has been interpreted as a single component bison kill and processing site representative of the Paleoindian Agate Basin complex in northeastern Colorado. The site was excavated in the 1960s by H. Marie Wormington. An examination of six accelerator mass spectrometry 14C radiocarbon dates recently obtained on bison bone (amino acids) and charcoal collected during Wormington’s investigations suggest the Frazier site dates b…
Spruce trees from a melting ice patch
In September, 2006, we found the remains of timber-sized spruce trees ( Picea engelmannii) on the floors of melting ice patches at altitudes of 3465—3480 m in the Mummy Range of north-central Colorado. The ice patches occupy northeast-facing recesses in which windblown snow, scoured from a tundra upland to the southwest, accumulates deeply. We hypothesize that the upland was timbered during the early to middle Holocene. Dense forest vegetation in…
The Emerging Archaeology of Glaciers and Ice Patches
Melting and retreating glaciers and ice patches (aniuvat) have revealed frozen archaeological remains on several continents, including North America. Artifacts from these sites provide information about high-latitude and high-altitude human adaptations and unique insights into prehistoric material culture. A Geographic Information System (GIS) model, 'Modeling Archaeological Potential of Ice and Snow,' or MAPIS, is being developed to focus aerial…
The Emerging Archaeology of Glaciers and Ice Patches
Melting and retreating glaciers and ice patches (aniuvat) have revealed frozen archaeological remains on several continents, including North America. Artifacts from these sites provide information about high-latitude and high-altitude human adaptations and unique insights into prehistoric material culture. A Geographic Information System (GIS) model, 'Modeling Archaeological Potential of Ice and Snow,' or MAPIS, is being developed to focus aerial…
Ice Patch Hunting in the Greater Yellowstone Area, Rocky Mountains, Usa
Ice patches and the alpine are important elements of the sociocultural landscape of the Greater Yellowstone Area, and they transcend the jurisdictional boundaries that divide the lands on which they occur. The ice patch record complements traditional sources of archaeological knowledge through the addition of well-dated organic artifacts, such as shafts from hunting tools, recovered in a readily recognizable context. This paper examines the types…
Spruce trees from a melting ice patch
In September, 2006, we found the remains of timber-sized spruce trees ( Picea engelmannii) on the floors of melting ice patches at altitudes of 3465—3480 m in the Mummy Range of north-central Colorado. The ice patches occupy northeast-facing recesses in which windblown snow, scoured from a tundra upland to the southwest, accumulates deeply. We hypothesize that the upland was timbered during the early to middle Holocene. Dense forest vegetation in…
Refining the Chronology of the Agate Basin Complex
The Frazier site (5WL268) has been interpreted as a single component bison kill and processing site representative of the Paleoindian Agate Basin complex in northeastern Colorado. The site was excavated in the 1960s by H. Marie Wormington. An examination of six accelerator mass spectrometry 14C radiocarbon dates recently obtained on bison bone (amino acids) and charcoal collected during Wormington’s investigations suggest the Frazier site dates b…
Microcores and microliths in Northwestern Plains and Rocky Mountain front lithic assemblages
Microcores and microliths have been identified in archaeological sites in Montana, Wyoming, and North Dakota. While clearly the product of patterned reduction yielding flakes with roughly parallel sides, the cores seldom produced regular flake removals, suggesting a high degree of variability in the resulting microliths. This irregular pattern of reduction contrasts with classic microblade cores from higher latitudes, where uniformity of microbla…
The Emerging Archaeology of Glaciers and Ice Patches
Melting and retreating glaciers and ice patches (aniuvat) have revealed frozen archaeological remains on several continents, including North America. Artifacts from these sites provide information about high-latitude and high-altitude human adaptations and unique insights into prehistoric material culture. A Geographic Information System (GIS) model, 'Modeling Archaeological Potential of Ice and Snow,' or MAPIS, is being developed to focus aerial…
Spruce trees from a melting ice patch
In September, 2006, we found the remains of timber-sized spruce trees ( Picea engelmannii) on the floors of melting ice patches at altitudes of 3465—3480 m in the Mummy Range of north-central Colorado. The ice patches occupy northeast-facing recesses in which windblown snow, scoured from a tundra upland to the southwest, accumulates deeply. We hypothesize that the upland was timbered during the early to middle Holocene. Dense forest vegetation in…
Refining the Chronology of the Agate Basin Complex
The Frazier site (5WL268) has been interpreted as a single component bison kill and processing site representative of the Paleoindian Agate Basin complex in northeastern Colorado. The site was excavated in the 1960s by H. Marie Wormington. An examination of six accelerator mass spectrometry 14C radiocarbon dates recently obtained on bison bone (amino acids) and charcoal collected during Wormington’s investigations suggest the Frazier site dates b…
Withering Snow and Ice in the Mid-latitudes
In the mid-latitude mountains of North America, archaeological materials have been identified in association with kinetically stable “ice patches” that attracted animals and their human predators. The stable ice in these features exhibits little internal deformation or movement and can preserve otherwise perishable materials for millennia. Eight prehistoric sites have been identified in association with perennial ice patches within the Greater Ye…
Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System
The dramatic reduction of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will increase human activities in the coming years. This activity will be driven by increased demand for energy and the marine resources of an Arctic Ocean accessible to ships. Oil and gas exploration, fisheries, mineral extraction, marine transportation, research and development, tourism, and search and rescue will increase the pressure on the vulnerable Arctic environment. Technologies that …
Microcores and microliths in Northwestern Plains and Rocky Mountain front lithic assemblages
Microcores and microliths have been identified in archaeological sites in Montana, Wyoming, and North Dakota. While clearly the product of patterned reduction yielding flakes with roughly parallel sides, the cores seldom produced regular flake removals, suggesting a high degree of variability in the resulting microliths. This irregular pattern of reduction contrasts with classic microblade cores from higher latitudes, where uniformity of microbla…
Field observations and results of a 1-D boundary layer model for developing near-surface temperature maxima in the Western Arctic
Summer sea ice extent in the Western Arctic has decreased significantly in recent years resulting in increased solar input into the upper ocean. Here, a comprehensive set of in situshipboard, on-ice, and autonomous ice-ocean measurements were made of the early stages of formation of the near-surface temperature maximum (NSTM) in the Canada Basin. These observations along with the results from a 1-D turbulent boundary layer model indicate that hea…
A practical algorithm for the retrieval of floe size distribution of Arctic sea ice from high-resolution satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery
In this study, we present an algorithm for summer sea ice conditions that semi-automatically produces the floe size distribution of Arctic sea ice from high-resolution satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar data. Currently, floe size distribution data from satellite images are very rare in the literature, mainly due to the lack of a reliable algorithm to produce such data. Here, we developed the algorithm by combining various image analysis methods, …
Ice Patch Hunting in the Greater Yellowstone Area, Rocky Mountains, Usa
Ice patches and the alpine are important elements of the sociocultural landscape of the Greater Yellowstone Area, and they transcend the jurisdictional boundaries that divide the lands on which they occur. The ice patch record complements traditional sources of archaeological knowledge through the addition of well-dated organic artifacts, such as shafts from hunting tools, recovered in a readily recognizable context. This paper examines the types…
Observations of thermohaline sound-speed structure induced by internal waves and spice in the summer 2015 Canada Basin marginal ice zone
The Arctic seas are in a period of transition as they adjust to stimuli from anthropogenic climate change. The acoustic response to this adjustment is of fundamental interest, as acoustics provide an important means for Arctic remote sensing, communication and navigation, and there are important biological implications for marine mammals and other organisms that use sound. The Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) is an effort to …
Drivelines, hunting blinds, effigies and intercept hunting strategies in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA
This paper shares a description of cairn lines and hunting blinds in association with an ice patch in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Until now no definitive stone features, including drivelines and hunting blinds, have been reported in association with Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ice patches; however, such features are known from ice patches in northern North America, eg Yukon Territory. In the system reported here, the ice patch is presume…
An Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar at a Greater Yellowstone Area Ice Patch
Ice patches are an irreplaceable archive of past events. With atypical melting now occurring around the world, it is important to be able to quantify and interpret the potential of what remains in areas of archaeological interest. A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted at an archaeologically productive ice patch in the Greater Yellowstone Area to identify sediment layers in which archaeological materials may be present. Numerous re…
An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment
The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we intro…
Frozen Pasts 5
Frozen Pasts 5 (FP 5), the 5th International Glacial and Ice Patch Archaeology Conference, occurred 7-10 September 2021 at Chico Hot Springs Resort midway between Yellowstone National Park and Bozeman, Montana, USA. The Frozen Pasts meetings are international gatherings of interdisciplinary researchers focusing on glacial and ice patch archaeology and related environments
Overview of Interdisciplinary Ice Patch Research in the Greater Yellowstone Region, USA
.
Organic layers preserved in ice patches
Growing season temperatures play a crucial role in controlling treeline elevation at regional to global scales. However, understanding of treeline dynamics in response to long-term changes in temperature is limited. In this study, we analyze pollen, plant macrofossils, and charcoal preserved in organic layers within a 10,400-year-old ice patch and in sediment from a 6000-year-old wetland located above present-day treeline in the Beartooth Mountai…
Deep waters a significant source of Black Carbon aerosols in the Arabian Sea
In-situ observations of atmospheric Black Carbon (BC) aerosols over the northern Indian Ocean are sparse, especially during the Indian Summer Monsoon season due to harsh and challenging oceanic conditions associated with strong south-westerly winds and rough sea states. In the present study, we measured atmospheric BC over the Arabian Sea (AS) during June on board a research expedition. While BC is expected to decrease as we move away from contin…
Geology (16 works) · Geography (12 works) · Oceanography (10 works) · Physical geography (7 works) · Archaeology (6 works) · Environmental Science (6 works) · Geology (6 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (5 works) · Ecology (5 works) · Geomorphology (5 works)