Cynthia S Wang
Biographic Data
| ID | 3609416 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Cynthia S Wang |
| GIVEN NAMES | Cynthia S |
| FAMILY NAME | Wang |
| SIGNATURE | WANG C S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northwestern University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3880-8753 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 155 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 16 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
A very particular set of skills
Hostage diplomacy—detaining foreign nationals for leverage under the pretext of national law—is a growing international security problem. Beyond constituting a violation of international law, hostage diplomacy is challenging to resolve. Target states must deal with aggressive, sovereign perpetrators; handle a fraudulent but plausible legal process; account for numerous stakeholders; and protect their citizens from future harm. How do target‐state…
I am, I am not
Bottom-line mentality from a goal-shielding perspective
We extend research on goal-contingent rewards and bottom-line mentality (BLM) by drawing on goal-shielding theory to examine BLM as a goal-shielding process that explains the link between goal-contingent rewards and pro-self, unethical behavior. We also examine future orientation as a first- and second-stage moderator and suggest that the detrimental effects of goal-contingent rewards and subsequent BLMs are weakened for employees who have high f…
Teaching Entrepreneurial Negotiation
Despite the importance of negotiation skills for entrepreneurs, the pedagogy of teaching negotiation to entrepreneurship students has not been fully developed. In some entrepreneurship programs, negotiation is covered briefly in a single class. In other programs, courses focused entirely on negotiation are available to entrepreneurship students; however, these classes are aimed primarily at those interested in pursuing corporate jobs within more …
Support for leaders who use conspiratorial rhetoric
Culture and Patterns of Reciprocity
Reciprocity is a fundamental mechanism for sustained social relationships. Escalation-based theories suggest that reciprocity intensifies over time. In contrast, equity-based theories propose that people reciprocate behaviors in kind. We reconcile these conflicting perspectives by examining social exchanges across different cultural contexts. Using three complementary experiments, we investigate when, how, and why individuals in East Asian settin…
Culture and the Elicitation, Experience, and Expression of Envy
Envy, generally perceived as a universal emotion, may be elicited, experienced, and expressed differently across cultures. This chapter discusses the cultural similarities and differences with regard to the elicitation (i.e., whether envy is felt), experience (i.e., whether and how feelings of envy are reduced or transformed into other emotional experiences), and expression (i.e., displays and behaviors) of envy. We examine how envy differs acros…
The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations
Stupid Doctors and Smart Construction Workers
Numerous studies have found that perspective-taking reduces stereotyping and prejudice, but they have only involved negative stereotypes. Because target negativity has been empirically confounded with reduced stereotyping, the general effects of perspective-taking on stereotyping and prejudice are unclear. By including both positively and negatively stereotyped targets, this research offers the first empirical test of two competing hypotheses: Th…
The Reappropriation of Stigmatizing Labels
We present a theoretical model of reappropriation—taking possession of a slur previously used exclusively by dominant groups to reinforce another group’s lesser status. Ten experiments tested this model and established a reciprocal relationship between power and self-labeling with a derogatory group term. We first investigated precursors to self-labeling: Group, but not individual, power increased participants’ willingness to label themselves wit…
Culture, Control, and Illusory Pattern Perception
Lacking control causes illusory pattern perception, but does culture influence the patterns people perceive? Different cultural contexts invite distinct types of control, with people from Western cultures emphasizing primary control methods (i.e., personal agency) and people from East Asian cultures emphasizing secondary control methods (i.e., adjustment to surroundings). Four experiments suggest that cultural differences in primary versus second…
Starting high and ending with nothing
The effects of culture and friendship on rewarding honesty and punishing deception
Perception through a perspective-taking lens
Perspective-takers behave more stereotypically
Nine studies demonstrated that perspective-takers are particularly likely to adopt a target's positive and negative stereotypical traits and behaviors. Perspective-takers rated both positive and negative stereotypic traits of targets as more self-descriptive. As a result, taking the perspective of a professor led to improved performance on an analytic task, whereas taking the perspective of a cheerleader led to decreased performance, in line with…
Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap
The present article offers a conceptual model for how the cognitive processes associated with perspective-taking facilitate social coordination and foster social bonds. We suggest that the benefits of perspective-taking accrue through an increased self-other overlap in cognitive representations and discuss the implications of this perspective-taking induced self-other overlap for stereotyping and prejudice. Whereas perspective-taking decreases st…
Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap
The present article offers a conceptual model for how the cognitive processes associated with perspective-taking facilitate social coordination and foster social bonds. We suggest that the benefits of perspective-taking accrue through an increased self-other overlap in cognitive representations and discuss the implications of this perspective-taking induced self-other overlap for stereotyping and prejudice. Whereas perspective-taking decreases st…
Perspective-takers behave more stereotypically
Nine studies demonstrated that perspective-takers are particularly likely to adopt a target's positive and negative stereotypical traits and behaviors. Perspective-takers rated both positive and negative stereotypic traits of targets as more self-descriptive. As a result, taking the perspective of a professor led to improved performance on an analytic task, whereas taking the perspective of a cheerleader led to decreased performance, in line with…
Perception through a perspective-taking lens
Starting high and ending with nothing
Support for leaders who use conspiratorial rhetoric
Bottom-line mentality from a goal-shielding perspective
We extend research on goal-contingent rewards and bottom-line mentality (BLM) by drawing on goal-shielding theory to examine BLM as a goal-shielding process that explains the link between goal-contingent rewards and pro-self, unethical behavior. We also examine future orientation as a first- and second-stage moderator and suggest that the detrimental effects of goal-contingent rewards and subsequent BLMs are weakened for employees who have high f…
The effects of culture and friendship on rewarding honesty and punishing deception
Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap
The present article offers a conceptual model for how the cognitive processes associated with perspective-taking facilitate social coordination and foster social bonds. We suggest that the benefits of perspective-taking accrue through an increased self-other overlap in cognitive representations and discuss the implications of this perspective-taking induced self-other overlap for stereotyping and prejudice. Whereas perspective-taking decreases st…
Perspective-takers behave more stereotypically
Nine studies demonstrated that perspective-takers are particularly likely to adopt a target's positive and negative stereotypical traits and behaviors. Perspective-takers rated both positive and negative stereotypic traits of targets as more self-descriptive. As a result, taking the perspective of a professor led to improved performance on an analytic task, whereas taking the perspective of a cheerleader led to decreased performance, in line with…
Perception through a perspective-taking lens
Starting high and ending with nothing
The effects of culture and friendship on rewarding honesty and punishing deception
Culture, Control, and Illusory Pattern Perception
Lacking control causes illusory pattern perception, but does culture influence the patterns people perceive? Different cultural contexts invite distinct types of control, with people from Western cultures emphasizing primary control methods (i.e., personal agency) and people from East Asian cultures emphasizing secondary control methods (i.e., adjustment to surroundings). Four experiments suggest that cultural differences in primary versus second…
The Reappropriation of Stigmatizing Labels
We present a theoretical model of reappropriation—taking possession of a slur previously used exclusively by dominant groups to reinforce another group’s lesser status. Ten experiments tested this model and established a reciprocal relationship between power and self-labeling with a derogatory group term. We first investigated precursors to self-labeling: Group, but not individual, power increased participants’ willingness to label themselves wit…
Stupid Doctors and Smart Construction Workers
Numerous studies have found that perspective-taking reduces stereotyping and prejudice, but they have only involved negative stereotypes. Because target negativity has been empirically confounded with reduced stereotyping, the general effects of perspective-taking on stereotyping and prejudice are unclear. By including both positively and negatively stereotyped targets, this research offers the first empirical test of two competing hypotheses: Th…
The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations
Culture and the Elicitation, Experience, and Expression of Envy
Envy, generally perceived as a universal emotion, may be elicited, experienced, and expressed differently across cultures. This chapter discusses the cultural similarities and differences with regard to the elicitation (i.e., whether envy is felt), experience (i.e., whether and how feelings of envy are reduced or transformed into other emotional experiences), and expression (i.e., displays and behaviors) of envy. We examine how envy differs acros…
Culture and Patterns of Reciprocity
Reciprocity is a fundamental mechanism for sustained social relationships. Escalation-based theories suggest that reciprocity intensifies over time. In contrast, equity-based theories propose that people reciprocate behaviors in kind. We reconcile these conflicting perspectives by examining social exchanges across different cultural contexts. Using three complementary experiments, we investigate when, how, and why individuals in East Asian settin…
Teaching Entrepreneurial Negotiation
Despite the importance of negotiation skills for entrepreneurs, the pedagogy of teaching negotiation to entrepreneurship students has not been fully developed. In some entrepreneurship programs, negotiation is covered briefly in a single class. In other programs, courses focused entirely on negotiation are available to entrepreneurship students; however, these classes are aimed primarily at those interested in pursuing corporate jobs within more …
Support for leaders who use conspiratorial rhetoric
Bottom-line mentality from a goal-shielding perspective
We extend research on goal-contingent rewards and bottom-line mentality (BLM) by drawing on goal-shielding theory to examine BLM as a goal-shielding process that explains the link between goal-contingent rewards and pro-self, unethical behavior. We also examine future orientation as a first- and second-stage moderator and suggest that the detrimental effects of goal-contingent rewards and subsequent BLMs are weakened for employees who have high f…
I am, I am not
A very particular set of skills
Hostage diplomacy—detaining foreign nationals for leverage under the pretext of national law—is a growing international security problem. Beyond constituting a violation of international law, hostage diplomacy is challenging to resolve. Target states must deal with aggressive, sovereign perpetrators; handle a fraudulent but plausible legal process; account for numerous stakeholders; and protect their citizens from future harm. How do target‐state…
Psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (9 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Perspective-taking (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Cognition (4 works) · Perception (4 works) · Perspective (graphical (4 works)