Patricia Bromley
Biographic Data
| ID | 3609567 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patricia Bromley |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patricia |
| FAMILY NAME | Bromley |
| SIGNATURE | BROMLEY P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9596-677X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 216 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Othering” Through War: Depiction of Asians/Asian Americans in U.S. History Textbooks
Using computational methods, we investigate a data set of 874,125 sentences from 30 U.S. history textbooks used in California and Texas schools to consider how they discuss Asians/Asian Americans. Only 1% of all sentences in our sample has any mention of Asians. Most of these sentences focus on Chinese and Japanese, and when individuals are named, they are usually White. The most prevalent topics in which Asians appear are about war. Discussions …
World Society, Women Authors, and the Expansion of Feminist, Gender, Sex, and Sexuality (FGSS) Research in Comparative Education, 1957–2010
The status of women in academia, including comparative education, has grown rapidly. We build on the extensive literature on women’s work in the academy by investigating the macrohistorical cultural processes that promote expanded emphasis on feminist, gender, sex, and sexuality (FGSS) topics in comparative education. We use computational methods to investigate the expansion of published knowledge about FGSS in the content of Comparative Educatio…
Rights, conflict, and removal: Depictions of Indigenous groups in Californian and Texan history textbooks, 1836-2019
Formal schooling in the U.S. has a long and violent history towards Indigenous peoples, today morphing into exclusion and erasure. Using a novel longitudinal dataset of U.S. textbooks (n = 193) from California and Texas, published from 1850 to 2019, we seek to shine light on the issue through a comprehensive analysis of depictions of Indigenous peoples in high school history textbooks. Despite extensive violence, over time, we find parallel incre…
Global Neoliberalism as a Cultural Order and Its Expansive Educational Effects
The global neoliberal era has sparked a burgeoning literature. Most accounts emphasize the political economy of the period, focusing on global markets and privatization. By contrast, we conceptualize neoliberalism as a broad cultural ideology that has reshaped how we think about people and institutions in all arenas of life, not just the economy. We delineate three main assumptions of neoliberalism as a cultural model. First, neoliberal ideology …
Neoliberal governance, evaluations, and the rise of win-win ideology in corporate responsibility discourse, 1960-2010
Despite conflicts between social and economic goals, contemporary US firms routinely depict such aims as synergistic. Analyzing 300 annual reports from a sample of 80 large US public firms between 1960 and 2010, we examine the rise of 'win-win' conceptions of corporate responsibility (CR), which include both the social benefits of economic activities and economic gains from social responsibility. Our findings support arguments that the rise of wi…
The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook, Third Edition
The nonprofit sector has changed in fundamental ways in recent decades. As the sector has grown in scope and size, both domestically and internationally, the boundaries between for-profit, governmental, and charitable organizations have become intertwined. Nonprofits are increasingly challenged on their roles in mitigating or exacerbating inequality. And debates flare over the role of voluntary organizations in democratic and autocratic societies…
Contentions over World Culture: The Rise of Legal Restrictions on Foreign Funding to NGOs, 1994–2015
The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented rise in government restrictions on foreign funding to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Often in the name of defending the nation from outside influences, over 60 countries have implemented laws limiting foreign funding to NGOs. We use event history analyses to evaluate domestic and global explanations for the adoption of these policies over the period 1994–2015. Prior work has argued that …
Organizing for Education: A Cross-National, Longitudinal Study of Civil Society Organizations and Education Outcomes
We address two views from organization theory to consider the expansion and effects of nonprofits in education: first, a functional view emphasizing the direct effect of work of civil society organizations (CSOs) and, second, a phenomenological neoinstitutional view focusing on the cultural meaning of education CSOs as indicators of a rationalized, liberal world society. We use panel regression models with country fixed effects to analyze the cro…
The Pyramid of Nonprofit Responsibility: The Institutionalization of Organizational Responsibility Across Sectors
Observers have noted that organizations in all sectors, whether business, nonprofit, or government, have been moving toward rationalized structures that presuppose and express empowered organizational actorhood. We draw upon neo-institutional theory in this paper to extend the argument: The arrival of organizational actorhood has precipitated a concomitant, cross-sectoral movement toward organizational social responsibility. Whereas existing rese…
They Are All Organizations”: The Cultural Roots of Blurring Between the Nonprofit, Business, and Government Sectors
An important transformation is reshaping once-distinct social structures, such as charitable and religious groups, family firms, and government agencies, into more analogous units called organizations. We use the ideas of sociological institutionalism to build a cultural explanation for the blurring between traditional sectors. In contrast to mainstream theories of power or functionality, we argue that it is increasingly difficult to distinguish …
The rise of individual agency in conceptions of society: Textbooks worldwide, 1950-2011
A broadly recognized sociological insight is that rising levels of individualism increasingly characterize a growing number of countries. This article examines the extent to which schooling is altered by, and transmits, this core cultural shift. It analyzes 476 secondary school social science textbooks from 78 countries from 1950 to 2011 to see whether they increasingly portray society as made up of agentic individual actors of all sorts (e.g., c…
Hyper-Organization: Global Organizational Expansion
1. Organization and Hyper-Organization 2. Worldwide Expansion 3. Cultural Foundations: Science, Empowerment, Education 4. Cultural Catalysts: Law, Accounting, Professionalism 5. Individuals and their Organizations as Actors 6. Dialectics: The Inconsistencies and Arationalities of Organizational Actorhood 7. Conclusions
New Institutionalism in the Analysis of Complex Organizations
Organizations as actors
The defining feature of the modern organization is that it is a legitimated actor. Actors have sprawling responsibilities and commitments, but integrated identities and theories of action. Deriving from the human actorhood of the modern individual, the organization becomes a unitary legal and moral entity, endowed with its own sovereignty, purposes, and identity while simultaneously accountable to other actors in its environment. Paralleling the …
Can Ratings Have Indirect Effects? Evidence from the Organizational Response to Peers’ Environmental Ratings
Organizations are increasingly subject to rating and ranking by third-party evaluators. Research in this area tends to emphasize the direct effects of ratings systems that occur when ratings give key audiences, such as consumers or investors, more information about a rated firm. Yet, ratings systems may also indirectly influence organizations when the collective presence of more rated peers alters the broader institutional and competitive milieu.…
Comparing Minority and Human Rights Discourse in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-National Patterns, 1970-2008
Over the twentieth century the celebration of both human rights and the rights of minorities have become central features of an emerging world culture. Although related in some respects, ideas of human and minority rights differ in their fundamental conception of society as made of either heterogeneous social groups or universally equivalent individuals. I posit that the contradiction between universality and diversity in world culture leads to d…
The Worldwide Expansion of 'Organization
We offer an institutional explanation for the contemporary expansion of formal organization-in numbers, internal complexity, social domains, and national contexts. Much expansion lies in areas far beyond the traditional foci on technical production or political power, such as protecting the environment, promoting marginalized groups, or behaving with transparency. We argue that expansion is supported by widespread cultural rationalization in a st…
From Smoke and Mirrors to Walking the Talk: Decoupling in the Contemporary World
The pervasive spread of rationalizing trends in society, such as the growing influence of managerial sciences and increasing emphases on accountability and transparency, has created significant changes in organizations’ external environments. As a result, there is growing pressure on organizations to align their policies and practices, and to conform to pressures in an expanding array of domains, from protecting the natural world to promoting emp…
The Globalization of Multicultural Education in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-national Analyses, 1950–2010
In this study the authors analyze 548 secondary social science textbooks to examine the extent to which multiculturalism-related content appears over time and around the world. Findings suggest significant global increases in textbook depictions of minority rights and groups experiencing discrimination over time and in many regions
Professionalizing a Global Social Movement: Universities and Human Rights
Research on the human rights movement emphasizes direct changes in nation-states, focusing on the efficacy of treaties and the role of advocacy in mitigating immediate violations. However, more than 140 universities in 59 countries established academic chairs, research centers, and programs for human rights from 1968–2000, a development that highlights the diffuse penetration of the social movement into core domains of society. We investigate thi…
The Valorization of Humanity and Diversity
The valorization of humanity and diversity are ongoing global processes that pose new challenges to nationalism and the mono cultural narrative once favored in schools and universities. This paper focuses on an exploratory analysis of textbooks, indicating a growth of cosmopolitan and multicultural emphases. Students are increasingly exposed to world issues and international initiatives calling for greater global citizenship consciousness. Studen…
Hyper-Organization: Global Organizational Expansion
1. Organization and Hyper-Organization 2. Worldwide Expansion 3. Cultural Foundations: Science, Empowerment, Education 4. Cultural Catalysts: Law, Accounting, Professionalism 5. Individuals and their Organizations as Actors 6. Dialectics: The Inconsistencies and Arationalities of Organizational Actorhood 7. Conclusions
The Worldwide Expansion of 'Organization
We offer an institutional explanation for the contemporary expansion of formal organization-in numbers, internal complexity, social domains, and national contexts. Much expansion lies in areas far beyond the traditional foci on technical production or political power, such as protecting the environment, promoting marginalized groups, or behaving with transparency. We argue that expansion is supported by widespread cultural rationalization in a st…
They Are All Organizations”: The Cultural Roots of Blurring Between the Nonprofit, Business, and Government Sectors
An important transformation is reshaping once-distinct social structures, such as charitable and religious groups, family firms, and government agencies, into more analogous units called organizations. We use the ideas of sociological institutionalism to build a cultural explanation for the blurring between traditional sectors. In contrast to mainstream theories of power or functionality, we argue that it is increasingly difficult to distinguish …
Global Neoliberalism as a Cultural Order and Its Expansive Educational Effects
The global neoliberal era has sparked a burgeoning literature. Most accounts emphasize the political economy of the period, focusing on global markets and privatization. By contrast, we conceptualize neoliberalism as a broad cultural ideology that has reshaped how we think about people and institutions in all arenas of life, not just the economy. We delineate three main assumptions of neoliberalism as a cultural model. First, neoliberal ideology …
Can Ratings Have Indirect Effects? Evidence from the Organizational Response to Peers’ Environmental Ratings
Organizations are increasingly subject to rating and ranking by third-party evaluators. Research in this area tends to emphasize the direct effects of ratings systems that occur when ratings give key audiences, such as consumers or investors, more information about a rated firm. Yet, ratings systems may also indirectly influence organizations when the collective presence of more rated peers alters the broader institutional and competitive milieu.…
The Pyramid of Nonprofit Responsibility: The Institutionalization of Organizational Responsibility Across Sectors
Observers have noted that organizations in all sectors, whether business, nonprofit, or government, have been moving toward rationalized structures that presuppose and express empowered organizational actorhood. We draw upon neo-institutional theory in this paper to extend the argument: The arrival of organizational actorhood has precipitated a concomitant, cross-sectoral movement toward organizational social responsibility. Whereas existing rese…
Comparing Minority and Human Rights Discourse in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-National Patterns, 1970-2008
Over the twentieth century the celebration of both human rights and the rights of minorities have become central features of an emerging world culture. Although related in some respects, ideas of human and minority rights differ in their fundamental conception of society as made of either heterogeneous social groups or universally equivalent individuals. I posit that the contradiction between universality and diversity in world culture leads to d…
The rise of individual agency in conceptions of society: Textbooks worldwide, 1950-2011
A broadly recognized sociological insight is that rising levels of individualism increasingly characterize a growing number of countries. This article examines the extent to which schooling is altered by, and transmits, this core cultural shift. It analyzes 476 secondary school social science textbooks from 78 countries from 1950 to 2011 to see whether they increasingly portray society as made up of agentic individual actors of all sorts (e.g., c…
The Globalization of Multicultural Education in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-national Analyses, 1950–2010
In this study the authors analyze 548 secondary social science textbooks to examine the extent to which multiculturalism-related content appears over time and around the world. Findings suggest significant global increases in textbook depictions of minority rights and groups experiencing discrimination over time and in many regions
Organizing for Education: A Cross-National, Longitudinal Study of Civil Society Organizations and Education Outcomes
We address two views from organization theory to consider the expansion and effects of nonprofits in education: first, a functional view emphasizing the direct effect of work of civil society organizations (CSOs) and, second, a phenomenological neoinstitutional view focusing on the cultural meaning of education CSOs as indicators of a rationalized, liberal world society. We use panel regression models with country fixed effects to analyze the cro…
Neoliberal governance, evaluations, and the rise of win-win ideology in corporate responsibility discourse, 1960-2010
Despite conflicts between social and economic goals, contemporary US firms routinely depict such aims as synergistic. Analyzing 300 annual reports from a sample of 80 large US public firms between 1960 and 2010, we examine the rise of 'win-win' conceptions of corporate responsibility (CR), which include both the social benefits of economic activities and economic gains from social responsibility. Our findings support arguments that the rise of wi…
Professionalizing a Global Social Movement: Universities and Human Rights
Research on the human rights movement emphasizes direct changes in nation-states, focusing on the efficacy of treaties and the role of advocacy in mitigating immediate violations. However, more than 140 universities in 59 countries established academic chairs, research centers, and programs for human rights from 1968–2000, a development that highlights the diffuse penetration of the social movement into core domains of society. We investigate thi…
The Valorization of Humanity and Diversity
The valorization of humanity and diversity are ongoing global processes that pose new challenges to nationalism and the mono cultural narrative once favored in schools and universities. This paper focuses on an exploratory analysis of textbooks, indicating a growth of cosmopolitan and multicultural emphases. Students are increasingly exposed to world issues and international initiatives calling for greater global citizenship consciousness. Studen…
From Smoke and Mirrors to Walking the Talk: Decoupling in the Contemporary World
The pervasive spread of rationalizing trends in society, such as the growing influence of managerial sciences and increasing emphases on accountability and transparency, has created significant changes in organizations’ external environments. As a result, there is growing pressure on organizations to align their policies and practices, and to conform to pressures in an expanding array of domains, from protecting the natural world to promoting emp…
The Globalization of Multicultural Education in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-national Analyses, 1950–2010
In this study the authors analyze 548 secondary social science textbooks to examine the extent to which multiculturalism-related content appears over time and around the world. Findings suggest significant global increases in textbook depictions of minority rights and groups experiencing discrimination over time and in many regions
Professionalizing a Global Social Movement: Universities and Human Rights
Research on the human rights movement emphasizes direct changes in nation-states, focusing on the efficacy of treaties and the role of advocacy in mitigating immediate violations. However, more than 140 universities in 59 countries established academic chairs, research centers, and programs for human rights from 1968–2000, a development that highlights the diffuse penetration of the social movement into core domains of society. We investigate thi…
The Worldwide Expansion of 'Organization
We offer an institutional explanation for the contemporary expansion of formal organization-in numbers, internal complexity, social domains, and national contexts. Much expansion lies in areas far beyond the traditional foci on technical production or political power, such as protecting the environment, promoting marginalized groups, or behaving with transparency. We argue that expansion is supported by widespread cultural rationalization in a st…
Can Ratings Have Indirect Effects? Evidence from the Organizational Response to Peers’ Environmental Ratings
Organizations are increasingly subject to rating and ranking by third-party evaluators. Research in this area tends to emphasize the direct effects of ratings systems that occur when ratings give key audiences, such as consumers or investors, more information about a rated firm. Yet, ratings systems may also indirectly influence organizations when the collective presence of more rated peers alters the broader institutional and competitive milieu.…
Comparing Minority and Human Rights Discourse in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-National Patterns, 1970-2008
Over the twentieth century the celebration of both human rights and the rights of minorities have become central features of an emerging world culture. Although related in some respects, ideas of human and minority rights differ in their fundamental conception of society as made of either heterogeneous social groups or universally equivalent individuals. I posit that the contradiction between universality and diversity in world culture leads to d…
New Institutionalism in the Analysis of Complex Organizations
Organizations as actors
The defining feature of the modern organization is that it is a legitimated actor. Actors have sprawling responsibilities and commitments, but integrated identities and theories of action. Deriving from the human actorhood of the modern individual, the organization becomes a unitary legal and moral entity, endowed with its own sovereignty, purposes, and identity while simultaneously accountable to other actors in its environment. Paralleling the …
Hyper-Organization: Global Organizational Expansion
1. Organization and Hyper-Organization 2. Worldwide Expansion 3. Cultural Foundations: Science, Empowerment, Education 4. Cultural Catalysts: Law, Accounting, Professionalism 5. Individuals and their Organizations as Actors 6. Dialectics: The Inconsistencies and Arationalities of Organizational Actorhood 7. Conclusions
They Are All Organizations”: The Cultural Roots of Blurring Between the Nonprofit, Business, and Government Sectors
An important transformation is reshaping once-distinct social structures, such as charitable and religious groups, family firms, and government agencies, into more analogous units called organizations. We use the ideas of sociological institutionalism to build a cultural explanation for the blurring between traditional sectors. In contrast to mainstream theories of power or functionality, we argue that it is increasingly difficult to distinguish …
The rise of individual agency in conceptions of society: Textbooks worldwide, 1950-2011
A broadly recognized sociological insight is that rising levels of individualism increasingly characterize a growing number of countries. This article examines the extent to which schooling is altered by, and transmits, this core cultural shift. It analyzes 476 secondary school social science textbooks from 78 countries from 1950 to 2011 to see whether they increasingly portray society as made up of agentic individual actors of all sorts (e.g., c…
Organizing for Education: A Cross-National, Longitudinal Study of Civil Society Organizations and Education Outcomes
We address two views from organization theory to consider the expansion and effects of nonprofits in education: first, a functional view emphasizing the direct effect of work of civil society organizations (CSOs) and, second, a phenomenological neoinstitutional view focusing on the cultural meaning of education CSOs as indicators of a rationalized, liberal world society. We use panel regression models with country fixed effects to analyze the cro…
The Pyramid of Nonprofit Responsibility: The Institutionalization of Organizational Responsibility Across Sectors
Observers have noted that organizations in all sectors, whether business, nonprofit, or government, have been moving toward rationalized structures that presuppose and express empowered organizational actorhood. We draw upon neo-institutional theory in this paper to extend the argument: The arrival of organizational actorhood has precipitated a concomitant, cross-sectoral movement toward organizational social responsibility. Whereas existing rese…
The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook, Third Edition
The nonprofit sector has changed in fundamental ways in recent decades. As the sector has grown in scope and size, both domestically and internationally, the boundaries between for-profit, governmental, and charitable organizations have become intertwined. Nonprofits are increasingly challenged on their roles in mitigating or exacerbating inequality. And debates flare over the role of voluntary organizations in democratic and autocratic societies…
Contentions over World Culture: The Rise of Legal Restrictions on Foreign Funding to NGOs, 1994–2015
The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented rise in government restrictions on foreign funding to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Often in the name of defending the nation from outside influences, over 60 countries have implemented laws limiting foreign funding to NGOs. We use event history analyses to evaluate domestic and global explanations for the adoption of these policies over the period 1994–2015. Prior work has argued that …
Global Neoliberalism as a Cultural Order and Its Expansive Educational Effects
The global neoliberal era has sparked a burgeoning literature. Most accounts emphasize the political economy of the period, focusing on global markets and privatization. By contrast, we conceptualize neoliberalism as a broad cultural ideology that has reshaped how we think about people and institutions in all arenas of life, not just the economy. We delineate three main assumptions of neoliberalism as a cultural model. First, neoliberal ideology …
Neoliberal governance, evaluations, and the rise of win-win ideology in corporate responsibility discourse, 1960-2010
Despite conflicts between social and economic goals, contemporary US firms routinely depict such aims as synergistic. Analyzing 300 annual reports from a sample of 80 large US public firms between 1960 and 2010, we examine the rise of 'win-win' conceptions of corporate responsibility (CR), which include both the social benefits of economic activities and economic gains from social responsibility. Our findings support arguments that the rise of wi…
Rights, conflict, and removal: Depictions of Indigenous groups in Californian and Texan history textbooks, 1836-2019
Formal schooling in the U.S. has a long and violent history towards Indigenous peoples, today morphing into exclusion and erasure. Using a novel longitudinal dataset of U.S. textbooks (n = 193) from California and Texas, published from 1850 to 2019, we seek to shine light on the issue through a comprehensive analysis of depictions of Indigenous peoples in high school history textbooks. Despite extensive violence, over time, we find parallel incre…
World Society, Women Authors, and the Expansion of Feminist, Gender, Sex, and Sexuality (FGSS) Research in Comparative Education, 1957–2010
The status of women in academia, including comparative education, has grown rapidly. We build on the extensive literature on women’s work in the academy by investigating the macrohistorical cultural processes that promote expanded emphasis on feminist, gender, sex, and sexuality (FGSS) topics in comparative education. We use computational methods to investigate the expansion of published knowledge about FGSS in the content of Comparative Educatio…
Othering” Through War: Depiction of Asians/Asian Americans in U.S. History Textbooks
Using computational methods, we investigate a data set of 874,125 sentences from 30 U.S. history textbooks used in California and Texas schools to consider how they discuss Asians/Asian Americans. Only 1% of all sentences in our sample has any mention of Asians. Most of these sentences focus on Chinese and Japanese, and when individuals are named, they are usually White. The most prevalent topics in which Asians appear are about war. Discussions …
Political science (16 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Law (14 works) · Economics (9 works) · Global Education and Multiculturalism (7 works) · Social science (7 works) · Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy (6 works) · Law (6 works) · Politics (6 works) · Epistemology (5 works)