Eugene Litwak
Biographic Data
| ID | 3610355 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Eugene Litwak |
| GIVEN NAMES | Eugene |
| FAMILY NAME | Litwak |
| SIGNATURE | LITWAK E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Columbia University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 561 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1954 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Implementing a Community‐based Oral Health Care Program: Lessons Learned
The heterogeneity of the two communities required different strategies and resources to gain trust and acceptance. Fundamental changes were required of SDOS over a 10-year period, beginning with prioritizing community service into a primary mission. Collaborating with medical clinics facilitated the implementation of the network when the partners shared the same philosophical goals. Faculty and staff with different skills were needed during the s…
Mental health services for rural elderly: Innovative service strategies
Choosing Optimal Support Groups: A Review and Reformulation
There is considerable empirical research on the division of supportive and caregiving services among different network members. Yet the principles that govern the configuration of social support networks are still not well understood. Cantor's (1979) and Shanas' (1979) hierarchical-compensatory model and Litwak's (1985) task-specific model are among the more prominent formulations for explaining the choice of support groups. We propose that the f…
Helping networks among the Jewish elderly poor
The Role of Formal and Informal Groups in Providing Help to Older People
No abstract available for this article
Organizational Theory, Social Supports, and Mortality Rates: A Theoretical Convergence
Theorists and researchers have explicitly or implicitly made use of primary groups to explain a wide range of social behaviors such as work productivity mass media communication combat morale job search services to elderly and mortality rates. Typically they have not systematically distinguished primary group from formal organization effects. Consequently it is not known what primary groups uniquely contribute to social behavior. An expanded orga…
Migration Patterns Among the Elderly: A Developmental Perspective
The migration patterns of the elderly are placed in a developmental perspective. For those who migrate, three kinds of moves tend to occur among the aging in a modern society: one when they retire, a second when they experience moderate forms of disability, and a third when they have major forms of chronic disability. Litwak's formulations on the extended family provide the context for these patterns, whereas Longino provides much of the migratio…
Technology, Proximity, and Measures of Kin Support
The proposition is advanced that many current measures of kinship strength may paradox-ically indicate inadequate or weakened kinship structures. That is so because they rely on measures that emphasize continuous proximity. This curious paradox is a consequence of inattention to the relationship between technology, services, and proximity. This article presents nonproximity indicators of kinship contact and service delivery that can measure stren…
Helping the elderly: The Complementary Roles of Informal Networks and Formal Systems
Primary Groups in Old Age: Structure and Function
The effects of aging and its correlates on the structure and function of primary groups in a modern industrial society are examined using the theoretical framework suggested by Litwak and Szelenyi (1969). After a brief summary of the basic theoretical assumptions, a series of factors are discussed that affect primary group structure and function in old age in unique ways. Alternative theories are reviewed. Some measurement issues are examined, an…
School, Family and Neighborhood: The Theory and Practice of School- Community Relations
School, Family, and Neighborhood
School, Family and Neighborhood: The Theory and Practice of School-Community Relations
Ideological Complexity and Middle-American Rationality
This article investigates certain elements of causal belief systems and the reasons for respondent irrationality. Connections between a respondent's ideology and social action or sense of powerlessness are suggested and avenues of future investigationi revealed. Eugene Litwak is Professor of Sociology at Columbia University; Nancy Hooyman is Assistant Professor of Social Work at the University of Minnesota at Deluth; and Donald Warren is Senior R…
Anatomy of a Coordinating Council: Implications for Planning
Primary Group Structures and Their Functions: Kin, Neighbors, and Friends
Simon, Herbert A. 1957 Administrative Behavior, 2nd edition. New York: Macmillan. Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1968 Constructing Social Reality. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. Thompson, James D. 1967 Organizations in Action: Social Science Basis of Administrative Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Truman, David B. 1953 The Governmental Process. New York: Knopf. Weber, Max. 1947 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Oxford Universi…
Technological Innovation and Theoretical Functions of Primary Groups and Bureaucratic Structures
Bureaucratic structures are ideally suited to deal with problems requiring technical knowledge or large-scale capital investments. Primary group structures are most able to handle problems requiring little thechnical knowledge, for example, where knowledge is so simple the ordinary person can do it as well as the expert, where knowledge is lacking so experts cannot be trained, where knowledge is so complex it cannot be put together in time to mek…
The Fraternal Society: Toward Freedom from Paternalism
Neighborhood Cohesion Under Conditions of Mobility
climactic copulation, an outburst in which the brother mutters (with rather careless oversight), everything about you is just like me.1 76 The erotic (in Alexander's sense), nonutilitarian quality of the relationship is emphasized repeatedly by Mann. He speaks of their absorbing themselves in trifles, of days passing vacantly, of their having doffed aside the evil-smelling world and loved each other alone, for the priceless sake of their own rare…
Voluntary Association and Neighborhood Cohesion
The principle that social control is maximized by the coordination of bureaucratic and primary groups is suggested, using industrial bureaucracies and local communities as a case in point. Propositions supporting the argument that they have little in common are analyzed, and counter views are presented. A re-examination of selected studies and supportive evidence from a neighborhood survey are used to document the viewpoint of the paper
Models of Bureaucracy Which Permit Conflict
Complex organizations can be described in terms of three models-Weberian, human relation, and professional. The first is most efficient when dealing with uniform events and traditional areas of knowledge, the second when dealing with non-uniform events and interpersonal relations, while the third is ideal where organizations are split, having some segments requiring uniformity and others not. The third model covers the great bulk of organizations…
Group Structure and Interpersonal Creativity as Factors Which Reduce Errors in the Prediction of Marital Adjustment
Journal Article Group Structure and Interpersonal Creativity as Factors Which Reduce Errors in the Prediction of Marital Adjustment Get access Eugene Litwak, Eugene Litwak University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gloria Count, Gloria Count University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Edward M. Haydon Edward M. Haydon University of Chicago Sear…
Reference Group Theory, Bureaucratic Career, and Neighborhood Primary Group Cohesion
Geographic Mobility and Extended Family Cohesion
The hypothesis is advanced that extended family relations can be maintained in an industrial, bureaucratized society despite differential rates of geographical mobility. This is so because institutional pressures force the extended family to legitimize geographical mobility, because technological improvements in communication systems have minimized the socially disruptive forces of geographical distance, and because an extended family can provide…
Occupational Mobility and Extended Family Cohension
Geographic Mobility and Extended Family Cohesion
The hypothesis is advanced that extended family relations can be maintained in an industrial, bureaucratized society despite differential rates of geographical mobility. This is so because institutional pressures force the extended family to legitimize geographical mobility, because technological improvements in communication systems have minimized the socially disruptive forces of geographical distance, and because an extended family can provide…
Primary Group Structures and Their Functions: Kin, Neighbors, and Friends
Simon, Herbert A. 1957 Administrative Behavior, 2nd edition. New York: Macmillan. Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1968 Constructing Social Reality. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. Thompson, James D. 1967 Organizations in Action: Social Science Basis of Administrative Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Truman, David B. 1953 The Governmental Process. New York: Knopf. Weber, Max. 1947 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Oxford Universi…
Occupational Mobility and Extended Family Cohension
Organizational Theory, Social Supports, and Mortality Rates: A Theoretical Convergence
Theorists and researchers have explicitly or implicitly made use of primary groups to explain a wide range of social behaviors such as work productivity mass media communication combat morale job search services to elderly and mortality rates. Typically they have not systematically distinguished primary group from formal organization effects. Consequently it is not known what primary groups uniquely contribute to social behavior. An expanded orga…
Technology, Proximity, and Measures of Kin Support
The proposition is advanced that many current measures of kinship strength may paradox-ically indicate inadequate or weakened kinship structures. That is so because they rely on measures that emphasize continuous proximity. This curious paradox is a consequence of inattention to the relationship between technology, services, and proximity. This article presents nonproximity indicators of kinship contact and service delivery that can measure stren…
Models of Bureaucracy Which Permit Conflict
Complex organizations can be described in terms of three models-Weberian, human relation, and professional. The first is most efficient when dealing with uniform events and traditional areas of knowledge, the second when dealing with non-uniform events and interpersonal relations, while the third is ideal where organizations are split, having some segments requiring uniformity and others not. The third model covers the great bulk of organizations…
Voluntary Association and Neighborhood Cohesion
The principle that social control is maximized by the coordination of bureaucratic and primary groups is suggested, using industrial bureaucracies and local communities as a case in point. Propositions supporting the argument that they have little in common are analyzed, and counter views are presented. A re-examination of selected studies and supportive evidence from a neighborhood survey are used to document the viewpoint of the paper
Neighborhood Cohesion Under Conditions of Mobility
climactic copulation, an outburst in which the brother mutters (with rather careless oversight), everything about you is just like me.1 76 The erotic (in Alexander's sense), nonutilitarian quality of the relationship is emphasized repeatedly by Mann. He speaks of their absorbing themselves in trifles, of days passing vacantly, of their having doffed aside the evil-smelling world and loved each other alone, for the priceless sake of their own rare…
The Use of Extended Family Groups in the Achievement of Social Goals: Some Policy Implications
Journal Article The Use of Extended Family Groups in the Achievement of Social Goals: Some Policy Implications Get access Eugene Litwak Eugene Litwak University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 7, Issue 3, Winter 1959, Pages 177–187, https://doi.org/10.2307/799444 Published: 09 August 2014
Primary Groups in Old Age: Structure and Function
The effects of aging and its correlates on the structure and function of primary groups in a modern industrial society are examined using the theoretical framework suggested by Litwak and Szelenyi (1969). After a brief summary of the basic theoretical assumptions, a series of factors are discussed that affect primary group structure and function in old age in unique ways. Alternative theories are reviewed. Some measurement issues are examined, an…
Reference Group Theory, Bureaucratic Career, and Neighborhood Primary Group Cohesion
The Role of Formal and Informal Groups in Providing Help to Older People
No abstract available for this article
Technological Innovation and Theoretical Functions of Primary Groups and Bureaucratic Structures
Bureaucratic structures are ideally suited to deal with problems requiring technical knowledge or large-scale capital investments. Primary group structures are most able to handle problems requiring little thechnical knowledge, for example, where knowledge is so simple the ordinary person can do it as well as the expert, where knowledge is lacking so experts cannot be trained, where knowledge is so complex it cannot be put together in time to mek…
Mental health services for rural elderly: Innovative service strategies
Ideological Complexity and Middle-American Rationality
This article investigates certain elements of causal belief systems and the reasons for respondent irrationality. Connections between a respondent's ideology and social action or sense of powerlessness are suggested and avenues of future investigationi revealed. Eugene Litwak is Professor of Sociology at Columbia University; Nancy Hooyman is Assistant Professor of Social Work at the University of Minnesota at Deluth; and Donald Warren is Senior R…
Toward the Development of a Short Form Test of Interpersonal Competence
A Classification of Biased Questions
Ad hoc rules on question wording (i.e., cautions against loaded, vague, double-barreled expressions) can be systematically defined by the constructs of latent structure analysis--dimension and trace line. Bias in questions may lie in too many, too few, or inappropriate dimensions; incorrect assumptions about the trace line; or combinations of the two. Such systematic definitions give more precise criteria for the construction of questions as well…
Administrative Practices and Personal Adjustment in Homes for the Aged.Philip Taietz
The Desing of Social Research. Russell L. Ackoff
Toward the Development of a Short Form Test of Interpersonal Competence
Three Ways in Which Law Acts as a Means of Social Control: Punishment, Therapy, and Education Divorce Law a Case in Point
Journal Article Three Ways in Which Law Acts as a Means of Social Control: Punishment, Therapy, and Education Divorce Law a Case in Point Get access Eugene Litwak Eugene Litwak University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 34, Issue 3, March 1956, Pages 217–223, https://doi.org/10.2307/2574040 Published: 01 March 1956
A Classification of Biased Questions
Ad hoc rules on question wording (i.e., cautions against loaded, vague, double-barreled expressions) can be systematically defined by the constructs of latent structure analysis--dimension and trace line. Bias in questions may lie in too many, too few, or inappropriate dimensions; incorrect assumptions about the trace line; or combinations of the two. Such systematic definitions give more precise criteria for the construction of questions as well…
Role-Playing in Survey Research
Three studies demostrate that role-playing can be used to obtain data in a regular survey. Most respondents can do it; it is easy to train interviewers to administer; it is quinckly and reliably scored; and it provides valid results. The data gathered by role-playing may prove better than traditional interview procedures where the inquiry is concerned with the respondent's behavior under stress, when he is strongly affected by his perception of o…
Group Pressure and Family Breakup: A Study of German Communities
This papeer considers family stability as a problem in social control. In certain German communities overwhelming religious majorities or bare majorities increased family stability, regardless of whether the majority was Catholic or Protestant. In contrast, refugee majority-minority structures played no role. Yet refugees in Catholic areas had higher rates of breakup than refugees in Protestant areas. These findings suggest that majority-minority…
The Use of Extended Family Groups in the Achievement of Social Goals: Some Policy Implications
Journal Article The Use of Extended Family Groups in the Achievement of Social Goals: Some Policy Implications Get access Eugene Litwak Eugene Litwak University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 7, Issue 3, Winter 1959, Pages 177–187, https://doi.org/10.2307/799444 Published: 09 August 2014
Group Structure and Interpersonal Creativity as Factors Which Reduce Errors in the Prediction of Marital Adjustment
Journal Article Group Structure and Interpersonal Creativity as Factors Which Reduce Errors in the Prediction of Marital Adjustment Get access Eugene Litwak, Eugene Litwak University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gloria Count, Gloria Count University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Edward M. Haydon Edward M. Haydon University of Chicago Sear…
Reference Group Theory, Bureaucratic Career, and Neighborhood Primary Group Cohesion
Geographic Mobility and Extended Family Cohesion
The hypothesis is advanced that extended family relations can be maintained in an industrial, bureaucratized society despite differential rates of geographical mobility. This is so because institutional pressures force the extended family to legitimize geographical mobility, because technological improvements in communication systems have minimized the socially disruptive forces of geographical distance, and because an extended family can provide…
Occupational Mobility and Extended Family Cohension
Voluntary Association and Neighborhood Cohesion
The principle that social control is maximized by the coordination of bureaucratic and primary groups is suggested, using industrial bureaucracies and local communities as a case in point. Propositions supporting the argument that they have little in common are analyzed, and counter views are presented. A re-examination of selected studies and supportive evidence from a neighborhood survey are used to document the viewpoint of the paper
Models of Bureaucracy Which Permit Conflict
Complex organizations can be described in terms of three models-Weberian, human relation, and professional. The first is most efficient when dealing with uniform events and traditional areas of knowledge, the second when dealing with non-uniform events and interpersonal relations, while the third is ideal where organizations are split, having some segments requiring uniformity and others not. The third model covers the great bulk of organizations…
Neighborhood Cohesion Under Conditions of Mobility
climactic copulation, an outburst in which the brother mutters (with rather careless oversight), everything about you is just like me.1 76 The erotic (in Alexander's sense), nonutilitarian quality of the relationship is emphasized repeatedly by Mann. He speaks of their absorbing themselves in trifles, of days passing vacantly, of their having doffed aside the evil-smelling world and loved each other alone, for the priceless sake of their own rare…
The Fraternal Society: Toward Freedom from Paternalism
Technological Innovation and Theoretical Functions of Primary Groups and Bureaucratic Structures
Bureaucratic structures are ideally suited to deal with problems requiring technical knowledge or large-scale capital investments. Primary group structures are most able to handle problems requiring little thechnical knowledge, for example, where knowledge is so simple the ordinary person can do it as well as the expert, where knowledge is lacking so experts cannot be trained, where knowledge is so complex it cannot be put together in time to mek…
Anatomy of a Coordinating Council: Implications for Planning
Primary Group Structures and Their Functions: Kin, Neighbors, and Friends
Simon, Herbert A. 1957 Administrative Behavior, 2nd edition. New York: Macmillan. Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1968 Constructing Social Reality. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. Thompson, James D. 1967 Organizations in Action: Social Science Basis of Administrative Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Truman, David B. 1953 The Governmental Process. New York: Knopf. Weber, Max. 1947 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Oxford Universi…
Ideological Complexity and Middle-American Rationality
This article investigates certain elements of causal belief systems and the reasons for respondent irrationality. Connections between a respondent's ideology and social action or sense of powerlessness are suggested and avenues of future investigationi revealed. Eugene Litwak is Professor of Sociology at Columbia University; Nancy Hooyman is Assistant Professor of Social Work at the University of Minnesota at Deluth; and Donald Warren is Senior R…
School, Family and Neighborhood: The Theory and Practice of School-Community Relations
School, Family, and Neighborhood
School, Family and Neighborhood: The Theory and Practice of School- Community Relations
Primary Groups in Old Age: Structure and Function
The effects of aging and its correlates on the structure and function of primary groups in a modern industrial society are examined using the theoretical framework suggested by Litwak and Szelenyi (1969). After a brief summary of the basic theoretical assumptions, a series of factors are discussed that affect primary group structure and function in old age in unique ways. Alternative theories are reviewed. Some measurement issues are examined, an…
Helping the elderly: The Complementary Roles of Informal Networks and Formal Systems
Psychology (26 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Political science (15 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Law (10 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Economics (8 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (6 works) · Epistemology (5 works)