Linton C Freeman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3616746 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Linton C Freeman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Linton C |
| FAMILY NAME | Freeman |
| SIGNATURE | FREEMAN L C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Irvine |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 758 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 43 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1956 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Research Methods in Social Network Analysis
Maintaining the duality of closeness and betweenness centrality
Ucinet
Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis
Editing a Normal Science Journal in Social Science
Editer un journal de science normale dans les sciences sociales : Cet papier mets en évidence quelqu'unes des différences entre les journaux de "science normale" dans des disciplines telles que la physique et la chimie, et des "sciences non-normales" dans des disciplines de sciences sociales. L'article montre qu'un journal, Social Networks, ressemble plus à un journal de science normale qu'un journal typique des sciences sociales. L'auteur montre…
Exploring social structure using dynamic three-dimensional color images
On the changing structure of social networks in urban China
Cliques, Galois lattices, and the structure of human social groups
Computers/Ordinateurs
Un modèle de la structure des interactions dans les groupes
Linton C. Freeman, Un modèle de la structure des interactions dans les groupes, Revue française de sociologie, Vol. 36, No. 4, Analyses de réseaux et structures relationnelles (Oct. - Dec., 1995), pp. 743-757
Suppose You Gave a Survey and Everyone Came
In the spring of 1993, we conducted a survey of personal social networks in the city of Tianj in, China. InChina, one cannot simply send out interviewers to neighborhoods; a citywide survey requires the cooperation of some city agency. Our Tianjin survey, therefore, was conducted by the Tianjin Housing Bureau under the supervision of the two present authors who are sociologists at the Tianjin Academy of Social Science. All interviews were face-to…
Collecting Data in Two-Dimensional Euclidean Metric Space
A note on regular colorings of two mode data
Using Galois Lattices to Represent Network Data
Galois lattices are introduced as a device to provide a general representation for two mode social network data.It is shown that Galois lattices yield a single visual image of such data in cases where most alternative models produce dual images.The image provided by the Galois lattice produces, moreover, an image that can suggest useful insights about the structural properties of the data.An example, based on data from Davis, Gardner, and Gardner…
Finding groups with a simple genetic algorithm
A new solution to the old problem of partitioning a matrix of social proximities into groups is proposed. It draws on a heuristic developed in computer science, the simple genetic algorithm. The algorithm is described and its utility is demonstrated with applications to three standard data sets. Notes This paper has benefitted greatly from suggestions made by several colleagues. In particular, the sage counsel provided by Morry Sunshine has helpe…
La resurrection des cliques
The Ressurrection of Cliques: Àpplication of Galois Lattices. The mathematical definition of clique has never been entirely satisfactory when it comes to providing a procedure for assigning individuals to groups. This paper shows how the clique definition, when it is linked with Galois lattices, can be used to produce an intuitively appealing characterization of groups - one that is consistent with ethnographic descriptions. Two examples, using "…
Filling in the Blanks
Linton C. Freeman, Filling in the Blanks: A Theory of Cognitive Categories and the Structure of Social Affiliation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 2, Special Issue: Theoretical Advances in Social Psychology (Jun., 1992), pp. 118-127
The Sociological Concept of 'Group
Two models of the structural form of small, informal groups are compared. One, derived by Winship, requires that patterns of social affiliation be strictly transitive. The other, based on Granovetter's ideas about weak and strong ties, requires only a special limited form of transitivity. When these alternative models are tested with data on human interaction, it turns out that the Winship model does not fit the data but that the model developed …
Centrality in valued graphs
Analyzing the Structure of the Centrality-Productivity Literature Created Between 1948 and 1979
Science grows and cumulates on the research fronts of disciplinary specialties, implying that the most fruitful citation analyses will be those looking at well-defined specialties or subspecial ties. The entire literature on centrality and productivity from 1948 to 1979 is used to construct a citation network. Methods are proposed for the analysis of the connective structure of such networks and then applied to the centrality-productivity citatio…
Words, Deeds and Social Structure
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Linton Freeman, A. Romney; Words, Deeds and Social Structure: A Preliminary Study of the Reliability of Informants. Human Organization 1 December 1987; 46 (4): 330–334. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.46.4.u122402864140315 Download cit…
Cognitive Structure and Informant Accuracy
The problem of informant accuracy is examined in light of principles of memory organization from cognitive psychology. These principles turn out to be powerful, not only in explaining overall patterns of informant error, but in predicting details about the types of errors made. Predictions are made in terms both of different kinds of informants and different kinds of objects. All the predictions are strongly supported by the data. Finally, in the…
Order‐based statistics and monotonicity
This paper reviews standards for measures of association. In particular, standards for order‐based measures are examined. The concept of monotonicity is shown to be ambiguous as it has been applied in this area, and it is clarified. The result is the specification of three — instead of the usual two — kinds of monotonic relations. These three monotonic models provide the basis for defining three non‐arbitrary measures of ordinal association. Elev…
The impact of computer based communication on the social structure of an emerging scientific specialty
Turning a profit from mathematics
A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness
A family of new measures of point and graph centrality based on early intuitions of Bavelas (1948) is introduced. These measures define centrality in terms of the degree to which a point falls on the shortest path between others and there fore has a potential for control of communication. They may be used to index centrality in any large or small network of symmetrical relations, whether connected or unconnected
Cognitive Structure and Informant Accuracy
The problem of informant accuracy is examined in light of principles of memory organization from cognitive psychology. These principles turn out to be powerful, not only in explaining overall patterns of informant error, but in predicting details about the types of errors made. Predictions are made in terms both of different kinds of informants and different kinds of objects. All the predictions are strongly supported by the data. Finally, in the…
Filling in the Blanks
Linton C. Freeman, Filling in the Blanks: A Theory of Cognitive Categories and the Structure of Social Affiliation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 2, Special Issue: Theoretical Advances in Social Psychology (Jun., 1992), pp. 118-127
Words, Deeds and Social Structure
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Linton Freeman, A. Romney; Words, Deeds and Social Structure: A Preliminary Study of the Reliability of Informants. Human Organization 1 December 1987; 46 (4): 330–334. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.46.4.u122402864140315 Download cit…
Segregation in Social Networks
The intuitive literature on segregation is reviewed and a segregation measure, S, is constructed to embody existing intuitions. S measures segregation over a network of symmetrical social relations. Distributional problems are explored and two kinds of applications are illustrated
Societal Complexity
Does the concept of societal complexity refer to a single dimension? Data have been gathered from a sample of forty-eight societies and scored according to Guttman's scalogram analysis. Six out of eight variables tested vary systematically and constitute an acceptable scale. This is empirical evidence for the relevance of societal complexity. The study demonstrates a technique for testing polar ideal types which allows the investigator to determi…
The Sociological Concept of 'Group
Two models of the structural form of small, informal groups are compared. One, derived by Winship, requires that patterns of social affiliation be strictly transitive. The other, based on Granovetter's ideas about weak and strong ties, requires only a special limited form of transitivity. When these alternative models are tested with data on human interaction, it turns out that the Winship model does not fit the data but that the model developed …
Locating Leaders in Local Communities
Equally important are the linkages which the models provide between theories at varying levels of abstraction, linkages which could be only briefly alluded to in this paper.38 The models allow one to trace the connection between specific human groupings and the place they occupy in more general sociological theory, whether that place is formal organizational theory, on the one hand, or urban and rural sociology on the other. Finally, with the qua…
Using Galois Lattices to Represent Network Data
Galois lattices are introduced as a device to provide a general representation for two mode social network data.It is shown that Galois lattices yield a single visual image of such data in cases where most alternative models produce dual images.The image provided by the Galois lattice produces, moreover, an image that can suggest useful insights about the structural properties of the data.An example, based on data from Davis, Gardner, and Gardner…
Centered graphs and the structure of ego networks
Analyzing the Structure of the Centrality-Productivity Literature Created Between 1948 and 1979
Science grows and cumulates on the research fronts of disciplinary specialties, implying that the most fruitful citation analyses will be those looking at well-defined specialties or subspecial ties. The entire literature on centrality and productivity from 1948 to 1979 is used to construct a citation network. Methods are proposed for the analysis of the connective structure of such networks and then applied to the centrality-productivity citatio…
Patterns of Local Community Leadership
Race and intra-urban migration
Data from the urban renewal experience in Syracuse, New York are used to examine the impact of race on patterns of intra-urban migration. The results show that, overall, the migration patterns exhibited an exponential decay in frequency with increasing distance. Both blacks and whites display this pattern, but blacks tend to cluster more closely around the point of origin. Indirect evidence is developed to show that this phenomenon is due to blac…
Statistical Classification in Anthropology
WHILE a growing interest in the application of statistics to cultural anthropology is indicated by the current literature (Driver 1953; Clem-e n t ~1954), it is only relatively recently that such processes have received any widespread attention from cultural anthropologists. The earliest applica-tion was made by Tylor (1889), but Driver and Kroeber (1932) with their trait-element list were the forerunners of the current trend which has cul-minate…
Turning a profit from mathematics
Finding groups with a simple genetic algorithm
A new solution to the old problem of partitioning a matrix of social proximities into groups is proposed. It draws on a heuristic developed in computer science, the simple genetic algorithm. The algorithm is described and its utility is demonstrated with applications to three standard data sets. Notes This paper has benefitted greatly from suggestions made by several colleagues. In particular, the sage counsel provided by Morry Sunshine has helpe…
La resurrection des cliques
The Ressurrection of Cliques: Àpplication of Galois Lattices. The mathematical definition of clique has never been entirely satisfactory when it comes to providing a procedure for assigning individuals to groups. This paper shows how the clique definition, when it is linked with Galois lattices, can be used to produce an intuitively appealing characterization of groups - one that is consistent with ethnographic descriptions. Two examples, using "…
Elementary Applied Statistics
Order‐based statistics and monotonicity
This paper reviews standards for measures of association. In particular, standards for order‐based measures are examined. The concept of monotonicity is shown to be ambiguous as it has been applied in this area, and it is clarified. The result is the specification of three — instead of the usual two — kinds of monotonic relations. These three monotonic models provide the basis for defining three non‐arbitrary measures of ordinal association. Elev…
Un modèle de la structure des interactions dans les groupes
Linton C. Freeman, Un modèle de la structure des interactions dans les groupes, Revue française de sociologie, Vol. 36, No. 4, Analyses de réseaux et structures relationnelles (Oct. - Dec., 1995), pp. 743-757
A note on regular colorings of two mode data
Introducing a new section on computer program abstracts
The Changing Functions of a Folksong
Statistical Classification in Anthropology
WHILE a growing interest in the application of statistics to cultural anthropology is indicated by the current literature (Driver 1953; Clem-e n t ~1954), it is only relatively recently that such processes have received any widespread attention from cultural anthropologists. The earliest applica-tion was made by Tylor (1889), but Driver and Kroeber (1932) with their trait-element list were the forerunners of the current trend which has cul-minate…
The Changing Functions of a Folksong
Societal Complexity
Does the concept of societal complexity refer to a single dimension? Data have been gathered from a sample of forty-eight societies and scored according to Guttman's scalogram analysis. Six out of eight variables tested vary systematically and constitute an acceptable scale. This is empirical evidence for the relevance of societal complexity. The study demonstrates a technique for testing polar ideal types which allows the investigator to determi…
Invalidity of indirect and direct measures of attitude toward cheating
Locating Leaders in Local Communities
Equally important are the linkages which the models provide between theories at varying levels of abstraction, linkages which could be only briefly alluded to in this paper.38 The models allow one to trace the connection between specific human groupings and the place they occupy in more general sociological theory, whether that place is formal organizational theory, on the one hand, or urban and rural sociology on the other. Finally, with the qua…
Elementary Applied Statistics
Elementary Applied Statistics
Survey Sampling
Patterns of Local Community Leadership
Patterns of Local Community Leadership
Two problems in computer simulation in the social and behavioral sciences
Race and intra-urban migration
Data from the urban renewal experience in Syracuse, New York are used to examine the impact of race on patterns of intra-urban migration. The results show that, overall, the migration patterns exhibited an exponential decay in frequency with increasing distance. Both blacks and whites display this pattern, but blacks tend to cluster more closely around the point of origin. Indirect evidence is developed to show that this phenomenon is due to blac…
A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness
A family of new measures of point and graph centrality based on early intuitions of Bavelas (1948) is introduced. These measures define centrality in terms of the degree to which a point falls on the shortest path between others and there fore has a potential for control of communication. They may be used to index centrality in any large or small network of symmetrical relations, whether connected or unconnected
Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification
Introducing a new section on computer program abstracts
Segregation in Social Networks
The intuitive literature on segregation is reviewed and a segregation measure, S, is constructed to embody existing intuitions. S measures segregation over a network of symmetrical social relations. Distributional problems are explored and two kinds of applications are illustrated
Centrality in social networks
Centered graphs and the structure of ego networks
Spheres, cubes and boxes
The impact of computer based communication on the social structure of an emerging scientific specialty
Turning a profit from mathematics
Order‐based statistics and monotonicity
This paper reviews standards for measures of association. In particular, standards for order‐based measures are examined. The concept of monotonicity is shown to be ambiguous as it has been applied in this area, and it is clarified. The result is the specification of three — instead of the usual two — kinds of monotonic relations. These three monotonic models provide the basis for defining three non‐arbitrary measures of ordinal association. Elev…
Words, Deeds and Social Structure
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Linton Freeman, A. Romney; Words, Deeds and Social Structure: A Preliminary Study of the Reliability of Informants. Human Organization 1 December 1987; 46 (4): 330–334. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.46.4.u122402864140315 Download cit…
Cognitive Structure and Informant Accuracy
The problem of informant accuracy is examined in light of principles of memory organization from cognitive psychology. These principles turn out to be powerful, not only in explaining overall patterns of informant error, but in predicting details about the types of errors made. Predictions are made in terms both of different kinds of informants and different kinds of objects. All the predictions are strongly supported by the data. Finally, in the…
Analyzing the Structure of the Centrality-Productivity Literature Created Between 1948 and 1979
Science grows and cumulates on the research fronts of disciplinary specialties, implying that the most fruitful citation analyses will be those looking at well-defined specialties or subspecial ties. The entire literature on centrality and productivity from 1948 to 1979 is used to construct a citation network. Methods are proposed for the analysis of the connective structure of such networks and then applied to the centrality-productivity citatio…
Computer Science (28 works) · Mathematics (21 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (16 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Statistics (10 works) · Combinatorics (9 works) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (9 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works)