Robert B Eckhardt
Biographic Data
| ID | 3617239 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert B Eckhardt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert B |
| FAMILY NAME | Eckhardt |
| SIGNATURE | ECKHARDT R B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 90 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Evolution of modern humans is a result of self-amplifying feedbacks beginning in the Miocene and continuing without interruption until now
Humans are a part of the complex system of life. This consists of a multitude of feedbacks among all parts of living systems. In the case of human origins, many feedbacks became positive rather than homeostatic, thus producing self-amplifying effects in basic morphological and behavioural characteristics of emerging humans: erect bipedalism, social structure, tool-making, food procurement and environmental management, symbolic communication, sexu…
Paleospecies as cognitive construct
Creation and subsequent abandonment of a number of earlier species considered human ancestors: Eoanthropus dawsoni, Hesperopithecus haroldcooki, Homo gardarensis and Ramapithecus punjabicus is presented using cases from the history of science. This review indicates that the fossil evidence for these species has been questionable from the beginning but that mental images – memes – they invoked were attractive to students of human evolution and as …
Human mitochondrial DNA diversity is compatible with the multiregional continuity theory of the origin of Homo sapiens
Confidence intervals for estimates of human mtDNA sequence diversity, chimpanzee-human mtDNA sequence divergence, and the time of splitting of the pongid-hominid lineages are presented. Consistent with all the data used in estimating the coalescence time for human mitochondrial lineages to a common ancestral mitochondrion is a range of dates from less than 79,000 years ago to more than 1,139,000 years ago. Consequently, the hypothesis that a migr…
Apportioning human variation
A major theme in the long and distinguished career of Alan Thorne was the specific demonstration of the influence of regional continuity in human evolution, and an emphasis on the importance of regional influences in general on the biology of human populations. These themes were carried out with meticulous attention to detail in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Explored here are some examples of his work along these lines in the att…
LB1 from Liang Bua, Flores
Human Paleobiology
Frank B. Livingstone (1928–2005)
Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Limb Proportions
Apes and apomorphies
Projections, tubercles, or spines of bone at the anterior margin of the piriform aperture occur in widely varying forms among catarrhine primates. This paper describes, illustrates, and tabulates the frequencies of such structures by age and sex in a large collection of Pan troglodytes verus skulls. In the overall sample of 263 skulls where the region could be observed, these protuberances of bone occur bilaterally in 10.7% of specimens and unila…
Morphological variation in the nasal region of extant and fossil hominids
We describe here the mid-facial region of a skull of anatomically modern Homo sapiens (FAI 3/2/1) that exhibits upwardly divergent nasal bones. In previous literature, that pattern has been described as a diagnostic character state for the robust early hominid taxon Paranthropus. This specimen supports our viewpoint that nasal region morphology varies extensively within and between living hominoid primate taxa, in patterns that provide a basis fo…
Malthus Reassessed
Michael Turner. Editor. Malthus and His Time . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. xx. 244 pp. $29.95 (cloth
Malthus Reassessed
More on the Phylogenetic Analysis of Early Hominids
On Early Hominid Adaptation to Heat Stress
Dimensions of Darwinism. Themes and counterthemes in twentieth-century evolutionary theory
On Hominid Brain Expansion
Iceman
Man the Promising Primate
Reinterpretation of a Nazca Desert Figure
Hominoid Evolution
I review here the history of study of the relationships of extant hominoids (humans and apes) and many of the morphological and other (e.g., molecular, biochemical, and chromosomal) criteria upon which theories of relatedness have been based. Few morphological features emerge as uniting humans and one or both of the African apes, and, contrary to popular opinion, the nonmorphological data do not support a human-African-ape theory of relatedness t…
Physical Anthropology
Variations in Subsistence Activities of Female and Male Pongids
Division of labor" has traditionally been regarded as an exclusively human economic institution. Serious consideration of the possibility that incipient forms of labor division may occur in various primate species has been hampered by the conviction that its present expression and prehistoric origin are linked only to human ancestry and society and that it is therefore not susceptible to cross-species analysis. Now that sex differences in the per…
IV. The Fossil Record
Hominid Origins
Where man lies buried. Produced by Margaret Fairlie, School of Communications, Ithaca College. Directed by Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, Departments of Anthropology and Asian Studies, and Division of Biologi…
Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Limb Proportions
Variations in Subsistence Activities of Female and Male Pongids
Division of labor" has traditionally been regarded as an exclusively human economic institution. Serious consideration of the possibility that incipient forms of labor division may occur in various primate species has been hampered by the conviction that its present expression and prehistoric origin are linked only to human ancestry and society and that it is therefore not susceptible to cross-species analysis. Now that sex differences in the per…
The relative body weights of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans
Although original field data suggested that the average Bornean orangutan weighed twice as much as the Sumatran ones, this is shown to be an error. The only statistically significant difference in weight is between males and females, regardless of geographical area or data source
LB1 from Liang Bua, Flores
Hominid Origins
A chromosome arm number index and its application to the phylogeny and classification of lemurs
A method is described for assessing the degree to which chromosome evolution via centric fusion has occurred within a taxonomic group, using a numerical index which expresses the average number of major chromosome arms per chromosome in a diploid cell. Index values thus calculated agree with a previously proposed plan of prosimian phylogeny, and substantiate some recently suggested changes in taxonomic groups of the Lemurs, based on karyotypic ev…
Evolution of modern humans is a result of self-amplifying feedbacks beginning in the Miocene and continuing without interruption until now
Humans are a part of the complex system of life. This consists of a multitude of feedbacks among all parts of living systems. In the case of human origins, many feedbacks became positive rather than homeostatic, thus producing self-amplifying effects in basic morphological and behavioural characteristics of emerging humans: erect bipedalism, social structure, tool-making, food procurement and environmental management, symbolic communication, sexu…
On Early Hominid Adaptation to Heat Stress
On Hominid Brain Expansion
Man the Promising Primate
Evolutionary Change as a Cause of Morphological Diversity
The Social Impact of Modern Biology
Bigeneric nomina
It is suggested that the addition of bigeneric or bispecific nomina to designate fossils which are intermediate between two chronogenera or chronospecies is inadvisable, because the use of either of these categories to describe cases involving a single phyletic line, consisting of a continuous chain of time‐sequential populations, misrepresents the nature of the evolutionary processes involved; and that in such cases fossils might best be referre…
A chromosome arm number index and its application to the phylogeny and classification of lemurs
A method is described for assessing the degree to which chromosome evolution via centric fusion has occurred within a taxonomic group, using a numerical index which expresses the average number of major chromosome arms per chromosome in a diploid cell. Index values thus calculated agree with a previously proposed plan of prosimian phylogeny, and substantiate some recently suggested changes in taxonomic groups of the Lemurs, based on karyotypic ev…
Bigeneric nomina
It is suggested that the addition of bigeneric or bispecific nomina to designate fossils which are intermediate between two chronogenera or chronospecies is inadvisable, because the use of either of these categories to describe cases involving a single phyletic line, consisting of a continuous chain of time‐sequential populations, misrepresents the nature of the evolutionary processes involved; and that in such cases fossils might best be referre…
The Social Impact of Modern Biology
Gibbon Research in a Designed Environment. Filmmakers
Adaptation of Female Anubis Baboons to the Social System of Hamadryas Baboons. Filmed by DR. Hans Kummer
Perspectives on Human Evolution 2 . S. L. WASHBURN and PHYLLIS Dolhinow
Film Reviews
Where man lies buried. Produced by Margaret Fairlie, School of Communications, Ithaca College. Directed by Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, Departments of Anthropology and Asian Studies, and Division of Biologi…
The relative body weights of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans
Although original field data suggested that the average Bornean orangutan weighed twice as much as the Sumatran ones, this is shown to be an error. The only statistically significant difference in weight is between males and females, regardless of geographical area or data source
Evolutionary Change as a Cause of Morphological Diversity
Hominid Origins
IV. The Fossil Record
Variations in Subsistence Activities of Female and Male Pongids
Division of labor" has traditionally been regarded as an exclusively human economic institution. Serious consideration of the possibility that incipient forms of labor division may occur in various primate species has been hampered by the conviction that its present expression and prehistoric origin are linked only to human ancestry and society and that it is therefore not susceptible to cross-species analysis. Now that sex differences in the per…
Physical Anthropology
Hominoid Evolution
I review here the history of study of the relationships of extant hominoids (humans and apes) and many of the morphological and other (e.g., molecular, biochemical, and chromosomal) criteria upon which theories of relatedness have been based. Few morphological features emerge as uniting humans and one or both of the African apes, and, contrary to popular opinion, the nonmorphological data do not support a human-African-ape theory of relatedness t…
Man the Promising Primate
Reinterpretation of a Nazca Desert Figure
Iceman
Dimensions of Darwinism. Themes and counterthemes in twentieth-century evolutionary theory
On Hominid Brain Expansion
More on the Phylogenetic Analysis of Early Hominids
On Early Hominid Adaptation to Heat Stress
Malthus Reassessed
Michael Turner. Editor. Malthus and His Time . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. xx. 244 pp. $29.95 (cloth
Malthus Reassessed
Morphological variation in the nasal region of extant and fossil hominids
We describe here the mid-facial region of a skull of anatomically modern Homo sapiens (FAI 3/2/1) that exhibits upwardly divergent nasal bones. In previous literature, that pattern has been described as a diagnostic character state for the robust early hominid taxon Paranthropus. This specimen supports our viewpoint that nasal region morphology varies extensively within and between living hominoid primate taxa, in patterns that provide a basis fo…
Biology (18 works) · Computer Science (18 works) · Sociology (16 works) · History (13 works) · Library science (12 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (12 works) · Evolutionary biology (11 works) · Geography (11 works) · Anthropology (10 works) · History (10 works)