John Chapman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3619258 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John Chapman |
| GIVEN NAMES | John |
| FAMILY NAME | Chapman |
| SIGNATURE | CHAPMAN J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Durham University |
| ORCID | 0009-0002-9645-5634 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 83 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 364 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 79 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1919 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
House-burning as a form of prehistoric potlatching
The potlatching practices of the First Nations of the Northwest Pacific Coast have been used as ethnographic analogies for Neolithic, Bronze Age and historic ceremonies. Its relevance in prehistory was aided by the often dramatic materialization of the potlatch’s accompanying ceremonies. What does potlatching have to do with house-burning in the European Neolithic? The experimental house-building and -burning programme in the Nebelivka Project, K…
No collapse in sight
It is well known that the Cucuteni-Trypillia (CT) group constitutes an exception to the late 5th – early 4th millennium cal BCE trend of settlement dispersion through its continuation of Neolithic lifeways (settlement nucleation and exuberant material culture) for far longer than most other Balkan and Carpathian groups. This alone makes it hard to fit CT into a grand narrative of 5th millennium cal BCE collapse or even transformation and impossib…
Place and Time at Trypillia Mega-Sites
The Trypillia mega-sites (‘TMS’) form an exceptional aspect of the broader Cucuteni–Trypillia group in the Balkan and East European Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The TMS are currently the largest sites and the earliest urban complexes in Eurasia in the fourth millennium cal. bc. In this article, we chart the trajectories of theoretical and methodological development of TMS research. We build on the social implications of the Visibility Graph Analys…
To Gender or not To Gender? Exploring Gender Variations through Time and Space
This article is based on an EAA session in Kiel in 2021, in which thirteen contributors provide their response to Robb and Harris's (2018) overview of studies of gender in the European Neolithic and Bronze Age, with a reply by Robb and Harris. The central premise of their 2018 article was the opposition of ‘contextual Neolithic gender’ to ‘cross-contextual Bronze Age gender’, which created uneasiness among the four co-organizers of the Kiel meeti…
“What Have our Figurines Ever Done for us?” Magic and Agency in Balkan-Carpathian Prehistory
The work of Mary Helms and Alfred Gell on cultural transformations, object colour and brilliance and their links to ritual power emphasises the most important aspect of magic for objects — its agency. The aesthetic of exotic, bright and colourful objects in the Neolithic and Copper Age of ‘Old Europe’ was central to the objects’ agency. However, the vast majority of figurines from this region was neither polished nor highly coloured, nor even dec…
Effectiveness of a social problem solving training in youth in detention or on probation
'A 'good death'
Thousands of archaeological fieldwork projects must have stories about the interactions between their host village and the Project, although such accounts rarely make it to publication. The Anglo-Ukrainian Trypillia Megasites Project differs from many others in that we developed a closer relationship than usual with the villagers of Nebelivka, Ukraine, largely because of an experimental house-building and -burning operation that involved a number…
The Vinča group - (Almost) 40 years on John Chapman (independent scholar)
The Deposition of History in Prehistory
A variable proportion of finds from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of ‘Old Europe’ has come from places outside settlements, cemeteries, production sites, ritual sites, or caves. Such finds tend to be described as ‘chance/isolated/single/stray’ finds or, when in groups, as ‘hoards’. The frequent, modernist cause invoked for these finds is that they were either ‘hidden’ in times of mortal danger, represented a ‘gift to the gods’, or simply ‘lost’.…
Trypillia Megasites in Context
The Trypillia megasites of the Ukrainian forest steppe formed the largest fourth-millennium bc sites in Eurasia and possibly the world. Discovered in the 1960s, the megasites have so far resisted all attempts at an understanding of their social structure and dynamics. Multi-disciplinary investigations of the Nebelivka megasite by an Anglo-Ukrainian research project brought a focus on three research questions: (1) what was the essence of megasite …
The Neolithic of Southeast Europe
The prehistory of the Aegean, Balkans, and Carpathian Basin has changed dramatically in the last two decades. This review covers five aspects of these changes: ( a) the development of theoretical approaches, in which diversification from cultural archaeology has seen the spread of processual, postprocessual and later approaches; ( b) the acquisition of data, with the key major development being the proliferation of large-scale infrastructure proj…
Forging Identities in the Prehistory of Old Europe
Balkan prehistory conjures up images of the Exotic and the Other in comparison with the better-known prehistory of Western Europe - often written in unfamiliar languages about lesser known places. Combined with the information revolution in archaeology, these factors have meant that no new synthesis of Old Europe has been written in the last 20 years. This has left a backlog of rich settlement data and object-rich landscapes which have rarely bee…
What was the ecological impact of a Trypillia megasite occupation? Multi-proxy palaeo-environmental investigations at Nebelivka, Ukraine
Fine-resolution sampling of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal as well as sedimentological data in a 6-m sediment core were used to reconstruct both natural conditions and human impacts in the late fifth and early fourth millennia cal bc in the environs of the Nebelivka megasite in Kirovograd Oblast, Central Ukraine. This 238-ha site, dating to the Middle (or BII) Phase of the Trypillia culture, represents one of the first low-dens…
“The Early Urbanism in Europe
Climatic and human impact on the environment
The environmental context of cultural transformation’ - frames the central issue of this paper – how were Neolithic and Chalcolithic landscapes in the Aegean, Balkan and Carpathian (ABC) zones shaped and transformed by climatic and anthropogenic impacts? The difficulties in interpreting proxy records for the middle, transitional stage of the Holocene aridification sequence, falling between the early wet stage and the late arid stage, have been cr…
AMS Dating of the Late Copper Age Varna Cemetery, Bulgaria
The Varna I cemetery, on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, is one of the most remarkable sites in European prehistory, with the world’s earliest large-scale assemblage of gold artifacts. Modeling of the first series of 14 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates yielded a duration of occupation at the site of ca. 150 years, ~4600–4450 cal BC. However, there were insufficient paired human–animal dates for a full consideration of the question of the …
The making of chalcolithic assembly places
In the last decade, we have witnessed a second methodological revolution in research into the Trypillia megasites of Ukraine – the largest sites in fourth-millennium BC Europe and possibly the world. However, these methodological advances have not been accompanied by parallel advances in the understanding of the nature and development of the megasites. New data have led to a ‘tipping point’ which leads us to reject the traditional interpretation …
Low-Density Urbanism
Dušan Borić . Deathways at Lepenski Vir
Dušan Borić . Deathways at Lepenski Vir: patterns in mortuary practice. 2016. xiii+567 pages, numerous colour and b&w illustrations. Belgrade: Serbian Archaeological Society; 978-86-80094-03-8 hardback £65. - Volume 91 Issue 359
The Standard Model, the Maximalists and the Minimalists
The currently prevailing view of the Trypillia mega-sites of the fourth millennium BC has been the dominant model for over 40 years: they were extra-large settlement examples of the Childean 'Neolithic package' of permanent settlement, domesticated plants and animals, and artifact assemblages containing polished stone tools and pottery. Trypillia mega-sites have therefore been viewed as permanent, long-term settlements comprising many thousands o…
Archaeological Proxy-data for Demographic Reconstructions
Revisiting the Chalcolithic site of El Ventorro (Madrid, Spain). Ceramic Re-fitting and Taphonomy
Monumental ditches and Bell Beakers are two key phenomena in later prehistoric Europe involved in the study of El Ventorro, near Madrid. In this article, we discuss and develop an analytical protocol for a thorough characterisation of the patterns of breakage, abrasion, and representation of ceramics. The procedure is tested with a large ceramic sample from ‘Pithouse 013’, an unusually rich context which challenges stereotypical accounts of the d…
Matching sherds to vessels through ceramic petrography
A new method for identifying sherd refits
Here we present a flexible, quantitative methodology for refitting handmade ceramics. Rather than analyzing the physical joins between sherds, we assess the likelihood that non-adjoining sherds of similar appearance are from the same vessel. The customary disregard of non-adjoining sherds in refitting experiments prompts us to address this issue. Using the Neolithic ceramic assemblage from Thirlings (Northumberland, U.K.) as a case study, we test…
The Second Phase of the Trypillia Mega-Site Methodological Revolution
The first phase of the Trypillia mega-sites' methodological revolution began in 1971 with aerial photography, magnetic prospection, and archaeological excavations of huge settlements of hundreds of hectares belonging to the Trypillia culture in Ukraine. Since 2009, we have created a second phase of the methodological revolution in studies of Trypillia mega-sites, which has provided more significant advances in our understanding of these large sit…
The Origins of Milk and Wool Production in the Old World
Fragmentation in Archaeology
Fragmentation in Archaeology revolutionises archaeological studies of material culture, by arguing that the deliberate physical fragmentation of objects, and their (often structured) deposition, lies at the core of the archaeology of the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age of Central and Eastern Europe. John Chapman draws on detailed evidence from the Balkans to explain such phenomena as the mass sherd deposition in pits and the wealth of artefa…
The English Rural Community
Early farmers in the Mediterranean Basin
The Dalmatian province of Yugoslavia, lying between the limestone mountains of the Dinaric range and the Adriatic Sea, is an important zone for early European agriculture, as both its neighbouring regions are precocious in their development. New information on the nature and chronology of first Dalmation farming is presented
Destruction of a common heritage
The civil war in the former Yugoslavia, the largest conflict in Europe for half a century, is more than incidentally about objects from the past and proofs of past possession. Here is a report on some of the specifics and some of the generalities
The Second Phase of the Trypillia Mega-Site Methodological Revolution
The first phase of the Trypillia mega-sites' methodological revolution began in 1971 with aerial photography, magnetic prospection, and archaeological excavations of huge settlements of hundreds of hectares belonging to the Trypillia culture in Ukraine. Since 2009, we have created a second phase of the methodological revolution in studies of Trypillia mega-sites, which has provided more significant advances in our understanding of these large sit…
The social context of the emergence, development and abandonment of the Varna cemetery, Bulgaria
In this article we outline some of the key characteristics of the social structure of the Climax Copper Age in the eastern Balkans and the contributions of the Varna cemetery to those developments. We continue by examining the implications of the new series of 21 AMS dates from the Oxford Radiocarbon Laboratory, which represent the first dates for the Varna Eneolithic cemetery on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Representing the first phase of the …
Did the first farmers of central and eastern Europe produce dairy foods
Although the origins of domestic animals have been well-documented, it is unclear when livestock were first exploited for secondary products, such as milk. The analysis of remnant fats preserved in ceramic vessels from two agricultural sites in central and eastern Europe dating to the Early Neolithic (5900-5500 cal BC) are best explained by the presence of milk residues. On this basis, the authors suggest that dairying featured in early European …
The Baby and the Bathwater
The Standard Model, the Maximalists and the Minimalists
The currently prevailing view of the Trypillia mega-sites of the fourth millennium BC has been the dominant model for over 40 years: they were extra-large settlement examples of the Childean 'Neolithic package' of permanent settlement, domesticated plants and animals, and artifact assemblages containing polished stone tools and pottery. Trypillia mega-sites have therefore been viewed as permanent, long-term settlements comprising many thousands o…
New perspectives on the Varna cemetery (Bulgaria) - AMS dates and social implications
The research team of this new project has begun the precision radiocarbon dating of the super-important Copper Age cemetery at Varna. These first dates show the cemetery in use from 4560-4450 BC, with the possibility that the richer burials are earlier and the poor burials later in the sequence. The limited number of lavish graves at Varna, representing no more than a handful of paramount chiefs, buried over 50-60 years, suggests a stabilisation …
Pit-digging and Structured Deposition in the Neolithic and Copper Age
In this article, the author identifies the concentration principle for the accumulation of large quantities of objects in the settlements of the Balkan Neolithic and Copper Age and suggests reasons for this principle. One of the chief examples of this principle is the structured deposition of objects in pits. After the characterisation of the location of such pits – whether under houses or in the open air, there is a discussion of the forms of de…
To Gender or not To Gender? Exploring Gender Variations through Time and Space
This article is based on an EAA session in Kiel in 2021, in which thirteen contributors provide their response to Robb and Harris's (2018) overview of studies of gender in the European Neolithic and Bronze Age, with a reply by Robb and Harris. The central premise of their 2018 article was the opposition of ‘contextual Neolithic gender’ to ‘cross-contextual Bronze Age gender’, which created uneasiness among the four co-organizers of the Kiel meeti…
The making of chalcolithic assembly places
In the last decade, we have witnessed a second methodological revolution in research into the Trypillia megasites of Ukraine – the largest sites in fourth-millennium BC Europe and possibly the world. However, these methodological advances have not been accompanied by parallel advances in the understanding of the nature and development of the megasites. New data have led to a ‘tipping point’ which leads us to reject the traditional interpretation …
Structured deposition meets deliberate object fragmentation
It is a pleasure to be invited to contribute to a debate on the nature of 'structured deposition', even though I do not have the expertise to comment on much of the detailed discussion of British prehistoric material presented in this excellent paper. The way in which my commentary approaches structured deposition is by posing two questions relating to the field of deliberate object fragmentation - an important aspect of many sites where structur…
Trypillia Megasites in Context
The Trypillia megasites of the Ukrainian forest steppe formed the largest fourth-millennium bc sites in Eurasia and possibly the world. Discovered in the 1960s, the megasites have so far resisted all attempts at an understanding of their social structure and dynamics. Multi-disciplinary investigations of the Nebelivka megasite by an Anglo-Ukrainian research project brought a focus on three research questions: (1) what was the essence of megasite …
The Neolithic of Southeast Europe
The prehistory of the Aegean, Balkans, and Carpathian Basin has changed dramatically in the last two decades. This review covers five aspects of these changes: ( a) the development of theoretical approaches, in which diversification from cultural archaeology has seen the spread of processual, postprocessual and later approaches; ( b) the acquisition of data, with the key major development being the proliferation of large-scale infrastructure proj…
AMS Dating of the Late Copper Age Varna Cemetery, Bulgaria
The Varna I cemetery, on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, is one of the most remarkable sites in European prehistory, with the world’s earliest large-scale assemblage of gold artifacts. Modeling of the first series of 14 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates yielded a duration of occupation at the site of ca. 150 years, ~4600–4450 cal BC. However, there were insufficient paired human–animal dates for a full consideration of the question of the …
Neolithic human impact on the landscapes of North-East Hungary inferred from pollen and settlement records
What was the ecological impact of a Trypillia megasite occupation? Multi-proxy palaeo-environmental investigations at Nebelivka, Ukraine
Fine-resolution sampling of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal as well as sedimentological data in a 6-m sediment core were used to reconstruct both natural conditions and human impacts in the late fifth and early fourth millennia cal bc in the environs of the Nebelivka megasite in Kirovograd Oblast, Central Ukraine. This 238-ha site, dating to the Middle (or BII) Phase of the Trypillia culture, represents one of the first low-dens…
Matching sherds to vessels through ceramic petrography
A new method for identifying sherd refits
Here we present a flexible, quantitative methodology for refitting handmade ceramics. Rather than analyzing the physical joins between sherds, we assess the likelihood that non-adjoining sherds of similar appearance are from the same vessel. The customary disregard of non-adjoining sherds in refitting experiments prompts us to address this issue. Using the Neolithic ceramic assemblage from Thirlings (Northumberland, U.K.) as a case study, we test…
The Chronology of English Enclosure
Contrasting Subsistence Strategies in the Early Iron Age? - New Results From the Alföld Plain, Hungary, and the Thracian Plain, Bulgaria
What can students of the past do to establish the predominant land-use and settlement practices of populations who leave little or no artefactual discard as a testament to their lifeways? The traditional answer, especially in Eastern Europe, is to invoke often exogenous nomadic pastoralists whose dwelling in perpetuo mobile was based on yurts, minimal local ceramic production and high curation levels of wooden and metal containers. Such a lacuna …
Milk Jugs’ and Other Myths of the Copper Age of Central Europe
Ceramics were subjected to organic residue analysis from two collections: a series of middle Copper Age (Bodrogkeresztúr) vessels hitherto known as ‘milk jugs’, curated in the Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest, and a collection of early Baden (Boleráz) vessels from the recently discovered settlement of Gyo”r-Szabadrét-domb, in western Hungary. The aim of the analyses was to establish whether or not these vessels, often associated with milk based on…
Benedictine Monachism
Cooperative Marketing Finance
Ancient Books and Publishers
Banking Studies
IV. The Clinical Status of a Population Group in Los Angeles Under Observation for Two to Three Years
IV. The Clinical Status of a Population Group in Los Angeles Under Observation for Two to Three Years Affiliation John M. Chapman, L. S. Goerke, Wilfrid Dixon, Donald B. Loveland, and Edward Phillips CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.47.4_Pt_2.33 Published Online: October 03, 2011
Effect of UCS Duration on Classical Avoidance Learning of the Bar-Press Response
It was found that rats perform better in a classical avoidance situation when the maximum duration of the UCS on no-response trials is long than when it is short. Although this effect was significant, it cannot account for the generally poor performance obtained. A competing response interpretation is proposed
Uses of Epidemiology
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY John M. Chapman CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.55.10.1675-a Published Online: August 29, 2011
Epidemiology of Vascular Lesions Affecting the Central Nervous System
Epidemiology of Vascular Lesions Affecting the Central Nervous System: The Occurrence of Strokes in a Sample Population Under Observation for Cardiovascular Disease John M. ChapmanM.D.M.P.H.F.A.P.H.A., Leo G. ReederPh.D.F.A.P.H.A., E. Raymond BorunM.D., Virginia A. ClarkPh.D., and Anne H. Coulson CopyRightDr. Chapman is professor of epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of California School of Medicine, Los…
The Consumer Finance Industry
Guía de documentos para la historia de México en archivos ingleses (siglo xix)
Due Process
Journal Article Due Process Get access Due Process.Pennock J. Roland& Chapman John W., eds. Nomos XVIII. New York: New York U. Press, 1977. Martin Shapiro Martin Shapiro *Professor of Law (Jurisprudence and Social Policy), University of California, Berkeley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 26, Issue 4, Autumn 1978, Pages 656–662, https://doi.org/10.2307/840065…
The aesthetic interpretation of dance history
In 1931 Herbert Butterfield wrote an essay in which he raised profound questions about the way history was being studied and written. He called it the Whig Interpretation of History' because the whig approach was the best example of the style of history he wished to discuss. However, the essay presented principles that were relevant to anyone studying history of any kind-principles that are relevant to dance historians today. The major thrust of …
English Parliamentary Enclosure
The accuracy of enclosure estimates
From Forager to Farmer in the Boreal Zone
From Forager to Farmer in the Boreal Zone: Reconstructing Economic Patterns Through Cachment Analysis in Prehistoric Finland (2 Volumes). By Marek Zvelebil." Archaeological Journal, 140(1), pp. 348–349
XXX And the Changing Ballet Aesthetic; 1828-32
Ballet criticism was a well developed activity by the time XXX began to write for Journal des Debats, a daily newspaper of liberal persuasion which was widely read by the bourgeoisie. For more than fifty years papers had been reviewing ballet and other theatrical events on a regular basis. Ballet reviews usually appeared after a new ballet, a debut, a benefit or a final performance. In 1800 some papers were printing upwards of 25 reviews per year…
The Chronology of English Enclosure
Neolithic Europe
Forgotten Giant
For three decades Pierre Gardel (1758-1840) held the reins of power at the greatest ballet institution in the world, the Paris Opera. His attributes were considerable; he was intensely loyal, possessed political acuteness and, most importantly, he was a master of his art. All were vital to the successful guidance of the Opera's ballet through some of the most explosive years of French history, through the last days of the Ancien Regime, through R…
The Origins of Milk and Wool Production in the Old World
Jules Janin and the Ballet
By the early 1830s ballet was being radically altered by the new approaches adopted by ballet masters and by dancers' increasing mastery of a more athletic technique. The resultant shift in the nature of ballet posed a serious challenge to critics. Among the first to respond with a new critical approach was Jules-Gabriel Janin (1804-1874), who adopted a philosophy of art which was completely opposed to the traditional aesthetic which had been app…
Forest Farmers and Stockherders
English Agriculture
Early farmers in the Mediterranean Basin
The Dalmatian province of Yugoslavia, lying between the limestone mountains of the Dinaric range and the Adriatic Sea, is an important zone for early European agriculture, as both its neighbouring regions are precocious in their development. New information on the nature and chronology of first Dalmation farming is presented
The Underdraining of Farmland in England during the Nineteenth Century
Archaeology (45 works) · Geography (42 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (38 works) · History (38 works) · History (22 works) · Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (16 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Prehistory (14 works)