Harold G Grasmick
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3619503 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Harold G Grasmick |
| NOMBRES | Harold G |
| APELLIDO | Grasmick |
| FIRMA | GRASMICK H G |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Oklahoma |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 791 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2008 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Gender and Deviance
Although evidence abounds in American criminology that young males are more prone to deviance than females, relatively little is known about the magnitude of the gender gap in deviance across cultures. Drawing on the literature concerning "risk taking" in power-control theory and on theory and research concerning cultural variability in "uncertainty avoidance," we offer a rationale for predicting that the gender differences in levels of deviance …
Self-Control, Political Ideology, and Misbehavior
Survey data collected from a southwestern metropolitan area indicate that self-defined politically conservative individuals are less inclined to commit criminal or deviant acts than their liberal or moderate counterparts; however, results from multivariate analyses indicate that measures of self-control and pressure to conform all reduce the effects of political conservatism to nonsignificance. In general, the relationship between political ideol…
Christian Religiosity, Self-Control and Social Conformity
Survey data from a southwestern metropolitan area are used to analyze whether the ability of personal Christian religiosity to predict social conformity is spuriously due to self-control. Results indicate that both personal religiosity and self-control display statistically significant, independent negative net relationships with many forms of projected misbehavior. And interaction between self-control and religiosity in predicting deviance appea…
Childrearing, Self-Control, and Crime
Gottfredson and Hirschi's model of caregiving to produce high self-control is examined using survey data from a city population of adults. The data permit assessment of the predictive ability of all three elements of the regimen, separately and in com-bination. While a combination of the elements of the specified model and some of the individual components prove to be statistically significant predictors of self-control, the coefficients are only…
Gender, Age, and Crime/Deviance
Focusing on gender and age variations and using various measures of self-control and of crime/deviance, the authors' provide additional evidence concerning the strongest implications of self-control theory—that self-control interprets the main demo-graphic facts about crime/deviance and is of approximately equal import for all sub-categories of individuals. On one hand, the results are strongly supportive of the theory, showing that some measures…
The Family in Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) core proposition concerning the relationship between self-control and crime has been tested by numerous researchers. However, other important assertions of the theory have received less attention, particularly those relating to family characteristics as determinants of self-control. This research seeks to answer three questions, all focusing on the family. First, do family socialization variables predict self-cont…
Neighborhoods and Crime
This book is an excellent resource in examining the influence that community control can have on crime
Workplace Deviance in Japan
We test an extended deterrence model in a Japanese workplace setting. In addition to formal punishments imposed by managerial authorities, employees contemplating rule violation are assumed to take into account the certainty and severity of two other types of punishment - socially-imposed embarrassment and self-imposed shame. All three threats are proposed to be deterrents to employee noncompliance with organizational rules. Previous studies usin…
Urbanity
Neighborhoods and Crime
This book is an excellent resource in examining the influence that community control can have on crime
Random Drug Testing and Religion
Research recently has begun to examine the link between religion and social control. It has been noted that religion, in particular Protestant conservatism, does play a role in shaping public opinion, and as a result, public policy on crime, crime control, and justice. The present research examines the issue of public support for random drug testing by focusing on the role of religion, specifically religious affiliation, in shaping public opinion…
Risk Preferences and Patriarchy
Power-control theory, at its most abstract level, links gender differences in risk preference to patriarchal family structures. In previous studies, direct tests have focused on adolescent delinquency, which is a specific form of risk-taking, and have used measures of risk preference specific to delinquency. In the present article, we introduce evidence for more general power-control theory hypotheses by employing a more global measure of risk pr…
Religion, Attribution Style, and Punitiveness Toward Juvenile Offenders
A growing body of research shows that adherents to conservative Christian beliefs are more punitive than others in their response to crime. A frequently offered but still untested explanation is that such beliefs promote a dispositional attribution style—the idea that crime results from the offender's character, not from unfortunate or unjust environmental influences. With punitiveness toward juvenile offenders as the dependent variable, the pres…
Religion, punitive justice, and support for the death penalty
The increased punitiveness in the criminal justice system, stimulated at least to some extent by public opinion, has coincided with the revival of Protestant evangelicalism and fundamentalism and with their followers' active involvement in politics and policy debates. Previous research on the determinants of preferred justice policies in the public either ignored religion or relied on a simple distinction among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. T…
Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
In A General Theory of Crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi propose that low self-control, in interaction with criminal opportunity, is the major cause of crime. The research reported in this article attempts to test this argument while closely following the nominal definitions presented by Gottfredson and Hirschi. A factor analysis of items designed to measure low self-control is consistent with their contention that the trait is unidimensional. Furth…
Low self-control and imprudent behavior
Reduction in Drunk Driving as a Response to Increased Threats of Shame, Embarrassment, and Legal Sanctions
In a recent paper we proposed a strategy for incorporating threats of shame and embarrassment, along with the threat of legal sanctions, into a rational choice perspective on illegal behavior. In this paper we use that approach in an attempt to account for a reduction in self‐reported drunk driving observed in a community between identical surveys conducted in 1982 and 1990. The interval between the two surveys was a period of intense legislative…
The use of multiple indicators to estimate crime trends in American cities
Did the Tax Reform Act of 1986 Improve Compliance? Three Studies of Pre‐ and Post‐TRA Compliance Attitudes
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 rewrote the federal income tax code, bringing it closer to policy professionals' vision of what constitutes an equitable and efficient income tax. Research on tax compliance suggests the law might have affected taxpayer compliance in three ways: by reducing opportunities to overstate deductions, by changing perceptions of fairness, and by altering tax liabilities. Changes in taxpayer perceptions, attitudes, and noncompl…
Changes in the Sex Patterning of Perceived Threats of Sanctions
In contrast to a recent survey conducted by Miller and Simpson, two earlier surveys of adults, one conducted in 1972 and the other in 1982, reported that women scored higher than men on measures of what Grasmick and Bursik recently have called perceived threats of shame and embarrassment, as well as legal sanctions, for violating the law. Hagan's power-control theory, coupled with trends in labor force and household composition, is used to predic…
Economic Deprivation and Neighborhood Crime Rates, 1960-1980
The social disorganization model of crime and delinquency generally has argued that the socioeconomic composition of neighborhoods is related to rates of illegal behavior only to the extent that it increases the likelihood of residential turnover and racial/ethnic heterogeneity. Such an orientation reflects the traditional assumption of human ecology that urban areas are characterized by continual processes of residential upgrading as groups beco…
Time Aggregation and Time Lag in Macro‐level Deterrence Research
Recent arguments in research on individual‐level deterrence suggest that the effect of perceived sanction risk on illegal behavior might occur over a shorter time period than the yearly lags typically incorporated in panel studies. This study raises the same issue for macro‐level deterrence research by suggesting that panel studies using yearly data might have failed to capture the deterrent effect. The analysis uses ARIMA models with data aggreg…
Protestant Fundamentalism and the Retributive Doctrine of Punishment
In Gregg v. Georgia in 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that public opinion, including the public's presumed desire for retribution, can be a legitimate basis for penal policy. Subsequently, the retributive doctrine has guided sentencing reform across the nation. But variation among the public in support for retribution as the goal of punishment and the effects of religion in shaping public sentiments about punishment have received little at…
Framing Justice
This study examines how taxpayers evaluate the distributive justice of personal income tax burdens. Using the concept of framing from behavioral decision theory, we suggest that taxpayers employ either an outcome-processing or a norm-processing frame of tax fairness evaluation. Framing is affected by substantive tax policies and the tax situations of individuals. Taxpayers who qualify for tax deductions and other tax preferences employ an outcome…
Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law
Harold G. Grasmick, Karyl Kinsey, John K. Cochran, Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law: A Study of Adults, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 99-107
Conscience, Significant Others, and Rational Choice
We propose that significant others and conscience function as agents of social control in a manner similar to the State. All three pose possible threats or costs that are more or less certain and severe which actors take into account in considering whether or not to violate the law. State-imposed costs, which have been addressed in the literature on deterrence, are material deprivations in the form of fines and incarceration. Socially imposed cos…
Religion, Attribution Style, and Punitiveness Toward Juvenile Offenders
A growing body of research shows that adherents to conservative Christian beliefs are more punitive than others in their response to crime. A frequently offered but still untested explanation is that such beliefs promote a dispositional attribution style—the idea that crime results from the offender's character, not from unfortunate or unjust environmental influences. With punitiveness toward juvenile offenders as the dependent variable, the pres…
Economic Deprivation and Neighborhood Crime Rates, 1960-1980
The social disorganization model of crime and delinquency generally has argued that the socioeconomic composition of neighborhoods is related to rates of illegal behavior only to the extent that it increases the likelihood of residential turnover and racial/ethnic heterogeneity. Such an orientation reflects the traditional assumption of human ecology that urban areas are characterized by continual processes of residential upgrading as groups beco…
Protestant Fundamentalism and the Retributive Doctrine of Punishment
In Gregg v. Georgia in 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that public opinion, including the public's presumed desire for retribution, can be a legitimate basis for penal policy. Subsequently, the retributive doctrine has guided sentencing reform across the nation. But variation among the public in support for retribution as the goal of punishment and the effects of religion in shaping public sentiments about punishment have received little at…
Reduction in Drunk Driving as a Response to Increased Threats of Shame, Embarrassment, and Legal Sanctions
In a recent paper we proposed a strategy for incorporating threats of shame and embarrassment, along with the threat of legal sanctions, into a rational choice perspective on illegal behavior. In this paper we use that approach in an attempt to account for a reduction in self‐reported drunk driving observed in a community between identical surveys conducted in 1982 and 1990. The interval between the two surveys was a period of intense legislative…
The Deterrent Effect of Perceived Severity of Punishment
Changes in the Sex Patterning of Perceived Threats of Sanctions
In contrast to a recent survey conducted by Miller and Simpson, two earlier surveys of adults, one conducted in 1972 and the other in 1982, reported that women scored higher than men on measures of what Grasmick and Bursik recently have called perceived threats of shame and embarrassment, as well as legal sanctions, for violating the law. Hagan's power-control theory, coupled with trends in labor force and household composition, is used to predic…
Tax evasion and mechanisms of social control
Linking Actual and Perceived Certainty of Punishment
An untested proposition in deterrence theory is that people's perceptions of the certainty of arrest in a community are influenced by their exposure to information about crimes committed in the community which have and have not resulted in arrest. We examine the effects of two sources of information on people k perceptions of the certainty of arrest in a community: (1) newspaper crime stories and (2) personal experiences with crimes and the perso…
Violence in Prisons
In this study an attempt was made to construct and then test a causal model of reported aggressive transgressions in 29 felon and 26 misdemeanant prisons and among 278 felon inmates. We found, first, that of the seven independent variables included in the model, only three-the percentage incarcerated for violent offenses, percentage incarcerated for one year of more, and parole referral date-appear in both felon and misdemeanant cases. Second, on…
Risk Preferences and Patriarchy
Power-control theory, at its most abstract level, links gender differences in risk preference to patriarchal family structures. In previous studies, direct tests have focused on adolescent delinquency, which is a specific form of risk-taking, and have used measures of risk preference specific to delinquency. In the present article, we introduce evidence for more general power-control theory hypotheses by employing a more global measure of risk pr…
Did the Tax Reform Act of 1986 Improve Compliance? Three Studies of Pre‐ and Post‐TRA Compliance Attitudes
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 rewrote the federal income tax code, bringing it closer to policy professionals' vision of what constitutes an equitable and efficient income tax. Research on tax compliance suggests the law might have affected taxpayer compliance in three ways: by reducing opportunities to overstate deductions, by changing perceptions of fairness, and by altering tax liabilities. Changes in taxpayer perceptions, attitudes, and noncompl…
The Effect of Longitudinal Arrest Patterns on the Development of Robbery Trends at the Neighborhood Level
Although the current resurgence of ecological deterrence research has addressed many of the methodological and theoretical problems of earlier studies, the question concerning the appropriate level of aggregation for such models has not been resolved. In this paper, we argue that there is strong evidence in the criminological literature that the neighborhood is the most meaningful level of aggregation for such studies. However, in an analysis of …
Deterrence and the Morally Committed
The deterrence literature suggests that perceptions of the threat of legal sanctions influence the extent of involvement in illegal behavior only among those individuals who have not internalized legal norms. Individuals who are morally committed to a norm will not violate it, regardless of their perceptions of the certainty and severity of legal sanctions. We argue that this hypothesis relegates coercion to a position of secondary importance in …
Christian Religiosity, Self-Control and Social Conformity
Survey data from a southwestern metropolitan area are used to analyze whether the ability of personal Christian religiosity to predict social conformity is spuriously due to self-control. Results indicate that both personal religiosity and self-control display statistically significant, independent negative net relationships with many forms of projected misbehavior. And interaction between self-control and religiosity in predicting deviance appea…
Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law
Harold G. Grasmick, Karyl Kinsey, John K. Cochran, Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law: A Study of Adults, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 99-107
Childrearing, Self-Control, and Crime
Gottfredson and Hirschi's model of caregiving to produce high self-control is examined using survey data from a city population of adults. The data permit assessment of the predictive ability of all three elements of the regimen, separately and in com-bination. While a combination of the elements of the specified model and some of the individual components prove to be statistically significant predictors of self-control, the coefficients are only…
The Family in Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) core proposition concerning the relationship between self-control and crime has been tested by numerous researchers. However, other important assertions of the theory have received less attention, particularly those relating to family characteristics as determinants of self-control. This research seeks to answer three questions, all focusing on the family. First, do family socialization variables predict self-cont…
Framing Justice
This study examines how taxpayers evaluate the distributive justice of personal income tax burdens. Using the concept of framing from behavioral decision theory, we suggest that taxpayers employ either an outcome-processing or a norm-processing frame of tax fairness evaluation. Framing is affected by substantive tax policies and the tax situations of individuals. Taxpayers who qualify for tax deductions and other tax preferences employ an outcome…
Time Aggregation and Time Lag in Macro‐level Deterrence Research
Recent arguments in research on individual‐level deterrence suggest that the effect of perceived sanction risk on illegal behavior might occur over a shorter time period than the yearly lags typically incorporated in panel studies. This study raises the same issue for macro‐level deterrence research by suggesting that panel studies using yearly data might have failed to capture the deterrent effect. The analysis uses ARIMA models with data aggreg…
Gender roles and social control
Drawing upon social control theory in criminology, this paper examines the relationship between gender roles and the inhibitors of deviance. We develop and test hypotheses that “traditional” females, defined in terms of either position in the social structure or gender‐role attitudes, perceive higher levels of three types of sanctions assocíated with crime than do males; while “nontraditional” females are similar to males in their perceptions of …
The Occupational Prestige Structure
Occupational prestige scores are one of the more frequently used variables in sociological research. However, the methods which have been employed in the past to obtain such scores are based on the implicit assumption that the occupational prestige structure is unidimensional. The technique of smallest space analysis, which makes no assumption about dimensionality, suggests that this previous assumption has produced a somewhat inaccurate picture …
Deterrence and Social Control
The Effects of Religious Fundamentalism and Religiosity on Preference for Traditional Family Norms
This study examines the effects of religion on preference for a patriarchal family, one in which the husband makes decisions while the wife is subservient to him. The effects of both religious fundamentalism and personal religiosity are considered using a survey of adults in a Southwestern city. The analysis reveals a strong positive direct effect of adherence to a fundamentalist doctrine on support for the patriarchal family, but no direct effec…
Workplace Deviance in Japan
We test an extended deterrence model in a Japanese workplace setting. In addition to formal punishments imposed by managerial authorities, employees contemplating rule violation are assumed to take into account the certainty and severity of two other types of punishment - socially-imposed embarrassment and self-imposed shame. All three threats are proposed to be deterrents to employee noncompliance with organizational rules. Previous studies usin…
Social Change and Modernism in the American South
Violence in Prisons
In this study an attempt was made to construct and then test a causal model of reported aggressive transgressions in 29 felon and 26 misdemeanant prisons and among 278 felon inmates. We found, first, that of the seven independent variables included in the model, only three-the percentage incarcerated for violent offenses, percentage incarcerated for one year of more, and parole referral date-appear in both felon and misdemeanant cases. Second, on…
The Occupational Prestige Structure
Occupational prestige scores are one of the more frequently used variables in sociological research. However, the methods which have been employed in the past to obtain such scores are based on the implicit assumption that the occupational prestige structure is unidimensional. The technique of smallest space analysis, which makes no assumption about dimensionality, suggests that this previous assumption has produced a somewhat inaccurate picture …
Deterrence and Social Control
Linking Actual and Perceived Certainty of Punishment
An untested proposition in deterrence theory is that people's perceptions of the certainty of arrest in a community are influenced by their exposure to information about crimes committed in the community which have and have not resulted in arrest. We examine the effects of two sources of information on people k perceptions of the certainty of arrest in a community: (1) newspaper crime stories and (2) personal experiences with crimes and the perso…
Genera Tions and Group Consciousness
Yes
Legal Punishment, Social Disapproval and Internalization as Inhibitors of Illegal Behavior
Harold G. Grasmick, Donald E. Green, Legal Punishment, Social Disapproval and Internalization as Inhibitors of Illegal Behavior, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), Vol. 71, No. 3 (Autumn, 1980), pp. 325-335
The Deterrent Effect of Perceived Severity of Punishment
Deterrence and the Morally Committed
The deterrence literature suggests that perceptions of the threat of legal sanctions influence the extent of involvement in illegal behavior only among those individuals who have not internalized legal norms. Individuals who are morally committed to a norm will not violate it, regardless of their perceptions of the certainty and severity of legal sanctions. We argue that this hypothesis relegates coercion to a position of secondary importance in …
Tax evasion and mechanisms of social control
An M.A. Curriculum in Applied Sociology
Harold G. Grasmick, Gary D. Sandefur, Wilbur J. Scott, An M.A. Curriculum in Applied Sociology: Avoiding the Pure versus Applied Debate, Teaching Sociology, Vol. 11, No. 1, Applied Sociology (Oct., 1983), pp. 62-75
Social Class and Social Control
Journal Article Social Class and Social Control: An Application of Deterrence Theory Get access Harold G. Grasmick, Harold G. Grasmick University of Oklahoma Address correspondence to Harold G. Grasmick, Department of Sociology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Darlene Jacobs, Darlene Jacobs University of Oklahoma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Aca…
Recidivism
Gender roles and social control
Drawing upon social control theory in criminology, this paper examines the relationship between gender roles and the inhibitors of deviance. We develop and test hypotheses that “traditional” females, defined in terms of either position in the social structure or gender‐role attitudes, perceive higher levels of three types of sanctions assocíated with crime than do males; while “nontraditional” females are similar to males in their perceptions of …
Policing and Punishing the Drinking Driver
The Effect of Longitudinal Arrest Patterns on the Development of Robbery Trends at the Neighborhood Level
Although the current resurgence of ecological deterrence research has addressed many of the methodological and theoretical problems of earlier studies, the question concerning the appropriate level of aggregation for such models has not been resolved. In this paper, we argue that there is strong evidence in the criminological literature that the neighborhood is the most meaningful level of aggregation for such studies. However, in an analysis of …
Conscience, Significant Others, and Rational Choice
We propose that significant others and conscience function as agents of social control in a manner similar to the State. All three pose possible threats or costs that are more or less certain and severe which actors take into account in considering whether or not to violate the law. State-imposed costs, which have been addressed in the literature on deterrence, are material deprivations in the form of fines and incarceration. Socially imposed cos…
The Effects of Religious Fundamentalism and Religiosity on Preference for Traditional Family Norms
This study examines the effects of religion on preference for a patriarchal family, one in which the husband makes decisions while the wife is subservient to him. The effects of both religious fundamentalism and personal religiosity are considered using a survey of adults in a Southwestern city. The analysis reveals a strong positive direct effect of adherence to a fundamentalist doctrine on support for the patriarchal family, but no direct effec…
Framing Justice
This study examines how taxpayers evaluate the distributive justice of personal income tax burdens. Using the concept of framing from behavioral decision theory, we suggest that taxpayers employ either an outcome-processing or a norm-processing frame of tax fairness evaluation. Framing is affected by substantive tax policies and the tax situations of individuals. Taxpayers who qualify for tax deductions and other tax preferences employ an outcome…
Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law
Harold G. Grasmick, Karyl Kinsey, John K. Cochran, Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law: A Study of Adults, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 99-107
Time Aggregation and Time Lag in Macro‐level Deterrence Research
Recent arguments in research on individual‐level deterrence suggest that the effect of perceived sanction risk on illegal behavior might occur over a shorter time period than the yearly lags typically incorporated in panel studies. This study raises the same issue for macro‐level deterrence research by suggesting that panel studies using yearly data might have failed to capture the deterrent effect. The analysis uses ARIMA models with data aggreg…
Protestant Fundamentalism and the Retributive Doctrine of Punishment
In Gregg v. Georgia in 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that public opinion, including the public's presumed desire for retribution, can be a legitimate basis for penal policy. Subsequently, the retributive doctrine has guided sentencing reform across the nation. But variation among the public in support for retribution as the goal of punishment and the effects of religion in shaping public sentiments about punishment have received little at…
Religion, punitive justice, and support for the death penalty
The increased punitiveness in the criminal justice system, stimulated at least to some extent by public opinion, has coincided with the revival of Protestant evangelicalism and fundamentalism and with their followers' active involvement in politics and policy debates. Previous research on the determinants of preferred justice policies in the public either ignored religion or relied on a simple distinction among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. T…
Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
In A General Theory of Crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi propose that low self-control, in interaction with criminal opportunity, is the major cause of crime. The research reported in this article attempts to test this argument while closely following the nominal definitions presented by Gottfredson and Hirschi. A factor analysis of items designed to measure low self-control is consistent with their contention that the trait is unidimensional. Furth…
Low self-control and imprudent behavior
Psychology (36 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (32 obras) · Social Psychology (28 obras) · Criminology (26 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · Political science (22 obras) · Law (17 obras) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (12 obras) · Economics (11 obras) · Law (11 obras)