Jack P Gibbs
Biographic Data
| ID | 3619793 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jack P Gibbs |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jack P |
| FAMILY NAME | Gibbs |
| SIGNATURE | GIBBS J P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Vanderbilt University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 107 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 904 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 107 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1958 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Homans and the Methodology of Theory Construction
The contrast between the truly systematic mode and the discursive mode is a matter of degree, meaning that a mode of theory construction is formal to the extent it transcends the conventions of a natural language; but that recognition does not contradict previous characterizations of Homans’s work. His concern with explicit propositions alone stamps him as far more predisposed to formal theory construction than any other renowned theorist in soci…
A Theory About Control
Moving beyond his 1989 book, Control: Sociology's Central Notion, Jack Gibbs develops in this new book a comprehensive theory of control in all its biological, technological, and human dimensions. His treatment goes beyond conventional ideas about social control to show why self-control and proximate control are essential to understanding human interaction. He also argues that thinking of control in terms of the counteraction of deviance is insuf…
Science and Sociology: Predictive Power is the Name of the Game
Science and Sociology is from beginning to end an exploration of what this implies for the social sciences, and sociology in particular. The authors argue that over the last several decades, sociology has become less a science and more a quest for isolated assessments of situations, whether they come from demographic analyses, survey research, or ethnographic studies. Above all else, this book is an attempt to promote and advance scientific socio…
A Formal Restatement of Durkheim's 'Division of Labor' Theory
Despite frequent references in the sociological literature to Durkheim's theory about the division of labor, sociologists have made few attempts to test it. The paucity of attempts and the very debatable outcomes thereof are due largely to Durkheim's use of the traditional discursive mode of theory construction. A discursively stated theory's logical structure is likely to be obscure, and for that reason alone tests of it are difficult and contro…
Deviant Cases in Tests of the Status Integration Theory
Within each of seven age groups of black females, black males, white females, and white males, the correlations among marital statuses between 1990 integration measures and 1989 to 1991 suicide rates are predominantly negative and substantial. That finding is consistent with previous reports, but those reports did not examine deviant cases, meaning populations that appear to be extreme exceptions to the status integration theory. Such populations…
Status Integration and Suicide: Occupational, Marital, or Both
The findings of two “between-columns” tests of the theory linking status integration and the suicide rate (Stafford & Gibbs 1985, 1988) suggest that only occupational integration is relevant. However, in numerous “within-column” tests there is a substantial negative association between marital integration and the suicide rate among marital statuses within each age group. The present research demonstrates that the substantial negative association …
A Theory About Control
A Theory about Control
Another attempt at controlling recalcitrant social scientists
Control as sociology's central notion
Because now fragmented to an unprecedented extent, sociology has a special need for a central notion. Control could be that notion, meaning that sociologists can describe and think about all or virtually all of their subject matter in terms of control. Moreover, the notion of control can be used to realize not only greater conceptual clarification and integration but also to anticipate possible empirical relations that might have otherwise gone u…
Getting Sociology Under Control
Toward Coherence, Via Control
The Artifact Issue in Deterrence Research
The often‐observed negative correlation between crime rates and estimates of the objective certainty of a legal punishment is interpreted by some as support for the deterrence doctrine. Others, however, characterize the correlation as inherently artifactual because the variables being correlated have a common term (number of crimes is the numerator of the crime rate and the denominator of the objective certainty variable). Still others argue that…
Foundations of Social Theory
Control: Sociology's Central Notion
"Ostrich" Sociology
Conceptualization of Terrorism
Many issues and problems surround the conceptualization of terrorism. Most definitions of the term are indefensible if only because they do not speak to those issues and problems. An assessment of contending definitions can transcend purely personal opinions; and an assessment can be undertaken without a theory, even though an impressive theory is the ultimate justification of its constituent definitions. The present conceptualization goes beyond…
Change in the Relation between Marital Integration and Suicide Rates
Journal Article Change in the Relation Between Marital Integration and Suicide Rates Get access Mark C. Stafford, Mark C. Stafford Washington State University Address correspondence to Mark Stafford, Department of Sociology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jack P. Gibbs Jack P. Gibbs Vanderbilt University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Acade…
The State of Criminological Theory
After nearly 20 years of ferment in criminology, the reactive conception of criminality is the most intractable issue. It can be circumvented only if criminologists use official data to compute crime rates and to identify criminals or delinquents. That proposed strategy does not necessarily entail acceptance of the reactive conception, especially in light of an argument about etiological theories that purport to answer two of the four major crimi…
Defensible and Indefensible Commentaries
Using Ratio Variables to Control for Population Size
This article uses Monte Carlo computer simulation to assess two alternative ways to control for population size in regression analysis. Contrary to the claim of some social scientists, regression analyses that use ratio variables to control for size (the “ratio method” of control) are not inherently inferior to those that use a separate control variable (the “component method” of control). The ratio method appears to be inferior only because comp…
User's Guide to Ratio Variables
Some sociologists intuit a necessary relation between ratio variables with common components, and they warn that observed relations between such variables are likely to be artifactual. In rebuttal, other sociologists argue that the use of ratio variables is justified when the ratios themselves, rather than their components, are of Both arguments are based on mistaken ideas about estimating causal effects in nonexperimental research. To realize un…
A Major Problem with the Theory of Status Integration and Suicide
Data from the 1970 U.S. census permit the most complete test of status integration theory ever undertaken, one based on four sets of achieved statuses (employment, household, marital, and residential) and three sets of ascribed statuses (age, race, and sex). A series of “between-columns” tests does not support the theory; and, contrary to expectations, simultaneous measures of status integration (i.e., measures based on a cross-classification of …
Organizing Deviance
Social Control: Views from the Social Sciences
Preface Part One The Notion of Control Lewis A Coser The Notion of Control in Sociological Theory Eugene Burnstein The Notion of Control in Psychological Theory Part Two Where Control is the Name of the Game Samuel Krislov The Politics of Control and the Control of Politics Jack P Gibbs Law as a Means of Social Control Leonard Krasner Behavior Modification and Social Control Issues and Myths Part Three Physical and Fiscal Matters Richard N Adams …
Urbanization, Technology, and the Division of Labor: International Patterns
international relations and read C. Wright Mills' The Causes of World War III. The results were even more striking than in the first pilot study. The students acquired a more informed image of war, and a greater concern with it as a problem. Moreover, some 85% showed an increase in scores on the nuclear knowledge scale, and over 90% showed an increase in scores on the pacifism scale. Clearly, under the circumstances of the pilot studies, knowledg…
Norms: The Problem of Definition and Classification
Following a critical appraisal of the conceptual treatment of norms in sociological literature, a typology of norms is presented. The typology treats collective evaluations of behavior, collective expectations of behavior, and reactions of behavior as the basic normative dimensions. These dimensions generate a total of nineteen types of norms, four of which are possible null classes
Conceptualization of Terrorism
Many issues and problems surround the conceptualization of terrorism. Most definitions of the term are indefensible if only because they do not speak to those issues and problems. An assessment of contending definitions can transcend purely personal opinions; and an assessment can be undertaken without a theory, even though an impressive theory is the ultimate justification of its constituent definitions. The present conceptualization goes beyond…
User's Guide to Ratio Variables
Some sociologists intuit a necessary relation between ratio variables with common components, and they warn that observed relations between such variables are likely to be artifactual. In rebuttal, other sociologists argue that the use of ratio variables is justified when the ratios themselves, rather than their components, are of Both arguments are based on mistaken ideas about estimating causal effects in nonexperimental research. To realize un…
The Deterrence Doctrine and the Perceived Certainty of Legal Punishments
This research on the deterrence doctrine differs from previous investigations by focusing on perceived properties of legal punishments rather than objective properties. Data from a survey of 1,700 high school students in Arizona show a close inverse relation among 15 types of crimes or delinquencies between the median or mean perceived certainty of punishment (arrest or reformatory) and rates of self-reported acts. However, the same relation hold…
Conceptions of Deviant Behavior: The Old and the New
Perceived Risk of Punishment and Self-Reported Delinquency
Journal Article Perceived Risk of Punishment and Self-Reported Delinquency Get access Gary F. Jensen, Gary F. Jensen University of Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maynard L. Erickson, Maynard L. Erickson University of Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jack P. Gibbs Jack P. Gibbs Vanderbilt University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Aca…
The Division of Labor: Conceptualization and Related Measures
Journal Article The Division of Labor: Conceptualization and Related Measures Get access Jack P. Gibbs, Jack P. Gibbs University of Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dudley L. Poston, Jr. Dudley L. Poston, Jr. University of Texas at Austin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 53, Issue 3, March 1975, Pages 468–476, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/5…
The Division of Labor, Technology, and the Organization of Production in Twelve Countries
may vary in different social-organizational settings. However, if one can establish that a participative political structure promotes conduciveness to conflict in one setting, it becomes a more plausible hypothesis for other settings. For example, this may explain why apparent improvements or efforts to remove strains may be accompanied by increases in conflict. Such changes may have their initial or most radical effects on conduciveness or on so…
A Theory of Status Integration and Its Relationship to Suicide
THIS paper explicates a theory that attempts to account for differences in suicide rates of societies and other population categories. While the theory is directly concerned with variability in suicide rates,1 it has implications of a broad theoretical nature and may prove to be of value in the analysis of behavior other than suicide. In a general sense, the theory represents an attempt to approach the problem of deviant behavior from a point of …
Occupational Differentiation of Negroes and Whites in the United States
Crude and standardized measures of the occupational differentiation of Negroes and whites are reported for each of the United States. The standardized measure eliminates the influence of the occupational structure on the amount of differentiation. Although there is considerable variation in the crude measure from state to state, the differences are not consistent with what is generally believed about racial differentiation in the United States an…
Foundations of Social Theory
Suicide
Social Control: A Reformulation
Journal Article Social Control: A Reformulation Get access Alexander L. Clark, Alexander L. Clark The University of Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack P. Gibbs Jack P. Gibbs The University of Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 12, Issue 4, Spring 1965, Pages 398–415, https://doi.org/10.2307/798840 Published: 07 August…
Urbanization and Natural Resources: A Study in Organizational Ecology
Objective and Perceptual Properties of Legal Punishment and the Deterrence Doctrine
Journal Article Objective and Perceptual Properties of Legal Punishment and The Deterrence Doctrine Get access Maynard L. Erickson, Maynard L. Erickson University of Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack P. Gibbs Jack P. Gibbs University of Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 25, Issue 3, 1 February 1978, Pages 253–26…
Urbanization, Technology, and the Division of Labor: Further Evidence
Toward a Theoretical System of Human Ecology
There is no aspect of society that is in greater need of sociological study than is man's increasingly efficient organization for providing himself with a quantity and variety of material goods. In recent decades human ecology has been the most notable attempt by sociologists to develop an analytical framework encompassing this sector of collective human behavior. But so widely accepted has become the self evident truth that the early great expec…
Testing the Theory of Status Integration and Suicide Rates
Consistent with the theory there is a substantial inverse relation among age groups of U.S. white women between the official suicide rate and a simultaneous measure of three dimensions of status integration (marital parental and labor force). Further analysis indicates that the present test and all previous tests underestimate the theorys predictive accuracy. The underestimation stems from incomplete tests in which several dimensions of status in…
Crime Rates of American Cities in an Ecological Context
Given a city that contains only a small proportion of the residents in the larger ecological community, the conventional crime rate for that city could be high merely because the denominator of the rate underestimates the potential number of victims or offenders. Accordingly, there is a basis for anticipating a direct relatinship among cities between (1) community/city population size rations and (2) rates for particular types of crimes. The rela…
Definitions of Law and Empirical Questions
Two fundamental questions for any discipline are: (1) What is the subject matter of the field? and (2) What is to be asked about the subject matter? The answer to the first question as it applies to jurisprudence can be given in a word-law. This designation may appear as a gross oversimplification, but that is not the problem at all. If there were consensus in jurisprudence as to a universal and empirically applicable definition of law, the term …
Status Integration and Suicide: A Sociological Study
Marital Status and Suicide in the United States: A Special Test of the Status Integration Theory
Data on suicide by age, sex, and marital status in the U. S., 1959-61, are employed to test the theory of status integration. On the whole, the findings are consistent with the theory, but more so for males than females.Such differential results are analyzed in terms of four principles that stipulate "ideal" test conditions. These principles are not ad hoc explanations of negative findings, meaning that they can be generalized to all tests of the…
Status Integration and Suicide: Occupational, Marital, or Both
The findings of two “between-columns” tests of the theory linking status integration and the suicide rate (Stafford & Gibbs 1985, 1988) suggest that only occupational integration is relevant. However, in numerous “within-column” tests there is a substantial negative association between marital integration and the suicide rate among marital statuses within each age group. The present research demonstrates that the substantial negative association …
The Artifact Issue in Deterrence Research
The often‐observed negative correlation between crime rates and estimates of the objective certainty of a legal punishment is interpreted by some as support for the deterrence doctrine. Others, however, characterize the correlation as inherently artifactual because the variables being correlated have a common term (number of crimes is the numerator of the crime rate and the denominator of the objective certainty variable). Still others argue that…
A Theory of Status Integration and Its Relationship to Suicide
THIS paper explicates a theory that attempts to account for differences in suicide rates of societies and other population categories. While the theory is directly concerned with variability in suicide rates,1 it has implications of a broad theoretical nature and may prove to be of value in the analysis of behavior other than suicide. In a general sense, the theory represents an attempt to approach the problem of deviant behavior from a point of …
Conventional Versus Metropolitan Data in the International Study of Urbanization
Urbanization and Natural Resources: A Study in Organizational Ecology
Características de los Datos Utilizables en un Estudio Internacional sobre la Urbanización
Jack P. Gibbs, Kingsley Davis, Oscar Uribe Villegas, Características de los Datos Utilizables en un Estudio Internacional sobre la Urbanización, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Vol. 20, No. 3 (Sep. - Dec., 1958), pp. 649-667
Demographic Adjustment to a Decrease in Sustenance
Toward a Theoretical System of Human Ecology
There is no aspect of society that is in greater need of sociological study than is man's increasingly efficient organization for providing himself with a quantity and variety of material goods. In recent decades human ecology has been the most notable attempt by sociologists to develop an analytical framework encompassing this sector of collective human behavior. But so widely accepted has become the self evident truth that the early great expec…
On Status Integration and Suicide Rates in Tulsa
Status Integration and Suicide in Ceylon
The theory of status integration, a further development of Durkheim's work on social integration provides a quantitative measure which makes it possible to test the following theorem: The suicide rate of a population varies inversely with the degree of status integration. This was tested in ethnic groups and provinces in Ceylon. The support provided for the theorem raises questions about the utility of the concept of culture in explaining variati…
Metropolitan Growth: An International Study
The comparative study of urbanization has been hampered by a lack of comparable units of observation. The delineation of standardized "metropolitan areas" throughout the world permits the study of recent growth in the largest agglomerations in seventy-eight countries and territories.Higher rates of metropolitan growth are found in the underdeveloped areas,lower rates of growth in the industrialized portion of the world.Metropolitan areas are capt…
Occupational Prestige and Social Mobility of Suicides in New Zealand
In this analysis victims of suicide in New Zealand are rankled by class origin and class at death. The highest rank in occupational prestige attained by the father is taken as indicating the class of the victim's family of orientation; the victim's class is indicated by the prestige rank of his occupation at death. The data indicate that upper-class fathers produce more than their proportion of suicidal sons, that suicide rates are significantly …
Growth of Individual Metropolitan Areas: A Global View 1
Mortality Rates and Participation in sustenance Antivities: An Ecological Analysis
Urban Research Methods
Urbanization, Technology, and the Division of Labor: International Patterns
international relations and read C. Wright Mills' The Causes of World War III. The results were even more striking than in the first pilot study. The students acquired a more informed image of war, and a greater concern with it as a problem. Moreover, some 85% showed an increase in scores on the nuclear knowledge scale, and over 90% showed an increase in scores on the pacifism scale. Clearly, under the circumstances of the pilot studies, knowledg…
Rates of Mental Hospitalization: A Study of Societal Reaction to Deviant Behavior
dividual's sense of personal control is a factor in determining the level of interest and the degree of knowledge he will possess concerning his affairs. In the arena, for example, Lipset, Trow, and Coleman, have demonstrated the significance of the occupational community in the printers' unions.2' They have shown that active membership in the printers' clubs was associated with increased knowledge concerning party positions within the union. Wha…
The Correlates of Urbanization: Reply to Mehta
Land-Use Controls in the United States
Urban Growth Dynamics: In a Regional Cluster of Cities
The Evolution of Population Concentration
TUDIES of urbanization typically view population concentration in strictly quantitative terms, namely, as an increase in the proportion of the population who reside in cities. Urbanization is in fact the major factor in the process of population concentration,1 but the process involves more than an increase in the proportion of city residents. Specifically, there is evidence of a particular order of stages in population concentration. This paper …
Urbanization, Technology, and the Division of Labor: Further Evidence
A Note on Industry Changes and Migration
Despite the practical and theoretical importance of the phenomenon, differences in community growth rates have yet to be explained satisfactorily. Only a few studies have examined the relation between growth rates and other characteristics of communities, and the results have been uniformly disappointing, meaning that no close relationships have been discovered.' We are not, however, completely ignorant of the factors that produce differential co…
Social Differentiation and Status Interrelations: The Maori-Pakeha Case
Urban Research Methods
Demography, Vol. I, No. 1. Donald J. Bogue
A Cross-Polity Survey. Arthur S. Banks , Robert B. Textor
Sociology (69 works) · Psychology (45 works) · Computer Science (32 works) · Economics (32 works) · Political science (32 works) · Criminology (27 works) · Law (25 works) · Mathematics (25 works) · Philosophy (19 works) · Social Psychology (19 works)