James Frank
Biographic Data
| ID | 3620275 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James Frank |
| GIVEN NAMES | James |
| FAMILY NAME | Frank |
| SIGNATURE | FRANK J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cincinnati |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 358 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 32 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Comparing a Sample of Criminal Justice Undergraduate Students with a National Opt-In Survey Sample
Citizen Willingness to Hold a Police Officer Criminally Responsible for the Use of Deadly Force
Despite increased public attention on police killings of citizens and police accountability in recent years, few studies have specifically examined the support for convicting and incarcerating a specific police officer who was accused of wrongfully killing a citizen. The current study examines the attitudes of undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university about a case involving a white police officer who worked for the university police…
Revisiting the correlates of youth attitudes toward the police
Individual and neighborhood factors in residence-to-crime distances for property, drug, and violent offenses
Exploring the effects of different workplace trust variables on the work attitudes of police officers
Public trust in the police is an important element of a healthy democracy. Concurrently, trust within the workplace is essential for a healthy organization, including the police. The main forms of organizational trust are management, supervisor, and coworker trust. However, there has been little research on how organizational trust affects police officers. This study examines the effects of these three forms of organizational trust on the job sat…
How Kids View Cops
Policing the police
Recently, there has been a push for policies that seek to increase police accountability. Two of these policies, requiring independent investigations and prosecutions of police shootings, have been suggested by academics and activists. Using a sample of undergraduate college students from a large Midwestern university, this study examines the extent and correlates of support for these two policies. The results of the study indicate that both poli…
Testing the job demands-resources model for Indian correctional staff job satisfaction
Virtual Interviews at Graduate Medical Education Training Programs
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the nation’s health care system, including on graduate medical education (GME) training programs. Traditionally, residency and fellowship training program applications involve in-person interviews conducted on-site, with only a minority of programs offering interviews remotely via a virtual platform. However, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is anticipated that most interviews will be conduc…
The relationship of work-family conflict with job stress among Indian police officers
Law enforcement is often described as a challenging occupation, and working in law enforcement can result in work–family conflict. This exploratory study was undertaken to examine how the different dimensions of work–family conflict are related to job stress among Indian police officers. There are four major dimensions of work–family conflict: strain-based, behavior-based, time-based, and family-based. Data was collected from a survey of police o…
Is the Impact of Cumulative Disadvantage on Sentencing Greater for Black Defendants
Research Summary We examined race-group differences in the effects of how felony defendants are treated at earlier decision points in case processing on case outcomes. Multilevel analyses of 3,459 defendants nested within 123 prosecutors and 34 judges in a large, northern U.S. jurisdiction revealed significant main and interaction effects of a defendant's race on bond amounts, pretrial detention, and nonsuspended prison sentences, but no signific…
Perceptions of Police Practice, Cynicism of Police Performance, and Persistent Neighborhood Violence
From Initial Appearance to Sentencing
Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters
Complementary Critiques
A review essay commenting on The Immigration Crisis: Immigrants, Aliens, and the Bible, by James K. Hoffmeier (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009) and Christians at the Border: Immigration, the Church, and the Bible, by M. Daniel Carroll R. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008)
Conceptual, methodological, and policy considerations in the study of police misconduct
Identifying variation in police officer behavior between juveniles and adults
Race and Officer Decision Making
Since the 1960s, one of the major reform efforts in law enforcement has been to increase the number of Black Americans within police agencies and on patrol in the streets. The general premise behind these efforts has been that increased diversity will improve police–community relations and will decrease biased police behavior, particularly against Black citizens. Policies seeking to reform policing through increasing the numbers of African Americ…
Exploring the Basis of Citizens’ Attitudes Toward the Police
During the past 20 years, there has been an expanding body of research examining citizens’ attitudes toward the police. Most of this research has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less attention has been focused on the reasons why citizens hold certain attitudes. The present study uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when respondi…
Managing Citizen Calls to the Police
Research Summary: Our paper explores the impact of implementing a nonemergency 3‐1‐1 call system in Baltimore, Maryland. We found a large (34.2%) reduction in 9‐1‐1 calls following the introduction of the 3‐1‐1 nonemergency call system. Many, but not all, of these calls simply migrated over to the 3‐1‐1 call system. Overall, we identified a 7.7% reduction in recorded citizen calls to the police post 3‐1‐1 intervention. This recorded reduction in …
Who are the complaint-prone officers
The attitudes of juveniles toward the police
The relationship between race and attitudes toward the police has been the subject of numerous studies since the, 1960s. Unfortunately, only a limited number of studies have addressed this relationship as it applies to juveniles. The present study, using survey responses from 852 public high school students in a large metropolitan area, compares the attitudes of black and white teenagers. We find that the overall attitudes of black and white juve…
Multijurisdictional drug task forces
How kids view cops The nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police
Race, community context and confidence in the police
Considers the impact of a range of variables on confidence in the police, including those given little or no previous attention, e.g. measures of crime experience and of conservative political orientation. Draws data from a larger study of urban crime‐prevention issues based on Cincinnati, Ohio. Finds that respondents’ race is not a significant determinant of confidence in the police; the most important determinant being the community context. Su…
The Social Rejection of Former Mental Patients
Recent research shows that the crucial factor determining the rejection of former mental patients is their behavior rather than their stigmantized status. The study reported here, based on a vignette experiment (with a design that varies patient status with the nature of behavior), challenges this conclusion. Like previous research, it indicates that a simple assessment of labelings shows little effect on a social distance scale. However, when a …
How kids view cops The nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police
Is the Impact of Cumulative Disadvantage on Sentencing Greater for Black Defendants
Research Summary We examined race-group differences in the effects of how felony defendants are treated at earlier decision points in case processing on case outcomes. Multilevel analyses of 3,459 defendants nested within 123 prosecutors and 34 judges in a large, northern U.S. jurisdiction revealed significant main and interaction effects of a defendant's race on bond amounts, pretrial detention, and nonsuspended prison sentences, but no signific…
Stop Or I'll Shoot
Based on a telephone survey of a stratified sample of 239 Cincinnati residents, we explored the impact of race on support for police use of deadly force on fleeing felons. The analysis revealed that, consistent with the standards demarcated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Tennessee v. Gamer, both Blacks' and Whites' approval of force was high when offenders manifested "past dangerousness" and was less pronounced when offenders committed nonviolent c…
Who are the complaint-prone officers
Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters
Identifying variation in police officer behavior between juveniles and adults
From Initial Appearance to Sentencing
Perceptions of Police Practice, Cynicism of Police Performance, and Persistent Neighborhood Violence
Managing Citizen Calls to the Police
Research Summary: Our paper explores the impact of implementing a nonemergency 3‐1‐1 call system in Baltimore, Maryland. We found a large (34.2%) reduction in 9‐1‐1 calls following the introduction of the 3‐1‐1 nonemergency call system. Many, but not all, of these calls simply migrated over to the 3‐1‐1 call system. Overall, we identified a 7.7% reduction in recorded citizen calls to the police post 3‐1‐1 intervention. This recorded reduction in …
Conceptual, methodological, and policy considerations in the study of police misconduct
Multijurisdictional drug task forces
A Conceptual Framework for Criminal Justice Planning
This paper outlines a conceptual scheme for systematic analysis of the criminal justice policy‐planning process. The major assumptions required to apply the concept of policy‐planning in the substantive area of criminal justice are examined. Specification of critical aspects of the criminal justice system/environment relationship and elaboration of the roles played by various classes of key actors in relation to the need for, demand for, producti…
A Conceptual Framework for Criminal Justice Planning
This paper outlines a conceptual scheme for systematic analysis of the criminal justice policy‐planning process. The major assumptions required to apply the concept of policy‐planning in the substantive area of criminal justice are examined. Specification of critical aspects of the criminal justice system/environment relationship and elaboration of the roles played by various classes of key actors in relation to the need for, demand for, producti…
Reluctance to Transmit Bad News When the Recipient is Unknown
Postcards containing a message either high or low in importance, and either favorable or unfavorable for the recipient, were individually "lost" in the public transportation systems of Paris, Madrid, London, Geneva, and Frankfurt am Main. More postcards were returned when the message was favorable than when it was unfavorable, but only in the high importance conditions. This pattern of results occurred in each location except Madrid. The findings…
The social dimensions of correctional officer stress
Based on a survey of line staff in a southern correctional system, we analyzed how various stressors, coping factors, and status characteristics influenced three types of stress: work stress, job dissatisfaction, and life stress. The stressors of role problems and perceived dangerousness were positively related to multiple forms of stress. While supervisory support mitigated both work stress and job dissatisfaction, the effects of other coping fa…
The Social Rejection of Former Mental Patients
Recent research shows that the crucial factor determining the rejection of former mental patients is their behavior rather than their stigmantized status. The study reported here, based on a vignette experiment (with a design that varies patient status with the nature of behavior), challenges this conclusion. Like previous research, it indicates that a simple assessment of labelings shows little effect on a social distance scale. However, when a …
Global and specific attitudes toward the police
Since the 1960s, a substantial body of research has focused on citizens' attitudes toward the police. These studies tap a rather wide variety of outlooks: some ask about specific assessments of the police (e.g., satisfaction with the police in particular incidents), while others ask about more global assessments (e.g., satisfaction with the police in general, police in the community, or police in the neighborhood). Using data obtained through a p…
Race, community context and confidence in the police
Considers the impact of a range of variables on confidence in the police, including those given little or no previous attention, e.g. measures of crime experience and of conservative political orientation. Draws data from a larger study of urban crime‐prevention issues based on Cincinnati, Ohio. Finds that respondents’ race is not a significant determinant of confidence in the police; the most important determinant being the community context. Su…
Reassessing the impact of race on citizens' attitudes toward the police
This paper reassesses the relationship between race and attitudes toward the police. Using data obtained through a telephone interview survey of 560 residents of Detroit, the study contradicts previous research by finding that blacks hold more favorable attitudes toward the police than do whites. To explain these findings, we argue that as the social context of cities changes, so might the relationship between race and citizens' attitudes toward …
Stop Or I'll Shoot
Based on a telephone survey of a stratified sample of 239 Cincinnati residents, we explored the impact of race on support for police use of deadly force on fleeing felons. The analysis revealed that, consistent with the standards demarcated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Tennessee v. Gamer, both Blacks' and Whites' approval of force was high when offenders manifested "past dangerousness" and was less pronounced when offenders committed nonviolent c…
The attitudes of juveniles toward the police
The relationship between race and attitudes toward the police has been the subject of numerous studies since the, 1960s. Unfortunately, only a limited number of studies have addressed this relationship as it applies to juveniles. The present study, using survey responses from 852 public high school students in a large metropolitan area, compares the attitudes of black and white teenagers. We find that the overall attitudes of black and white juve…
Multijurisdictional drug task forces
How kids view cops The nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police
Who are the complaint-prone officers
Managing Citizen Calls to the Police
Research Summary: Our paper explores the impact of implementing a nonemergency 3‐1‐1 call system in Baltimore, Maryland. We found a large (34.2%) reduction in 9‐1‐1 calls following the introduction of the 3‐1‐1 nonemergency call system. Many, but not all, of these calls simply migrated over to the 3‐1‐1 call system. Overall, we identified a 7.7% reduction in recorded citizen calls to the police post 3‐1‐1 intervention. This recorded reduction in …
Exploring the Basis of Citizens’ Attitudes Toward the Police
During the past 20 years, there has been an expanding body of research examining citizens’ attitudes toward the police. Most of this research has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less attention has been focused on the reasons why citizens hold certain attitudes. The present study uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when respondi…
Race and Officer Decision Making
Since the 1960s, one of the major reform efforts in law enforcement has been to increase the number of Black Americans within police agencies and on patrol in the streets. The general premise behind these efforts has been that increased diversity will improve police–community relations and will decrease biased police behavior, particularly against Black citizens. Policies seeking to reform policing through increasing the numbers of African Americ…
Conceptual, methodological, and policy considerations in the study of police misconduct
Identifying variation in police officer behavior between juveniles and adults
Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters
Complementary Critiques
A review essay commenting on The Immigration Crisis: Immigrants, Aliens, and the Bible, by James K. Hoffmeier (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009) and Christians at the Border: Immigration, the Church, and the Bible, by M. Daniel Carroll R. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008)
Is the Impact of Cumulative Disadvantage on Sentencing Greater for Black Defendants
Research Summary We examined race-group differences in the effects of how felony defendants are treated at earlier decision points in case processing on case outcomes. Multilevel analyses of 3,459 defendants nested within 123 prosecutors and 34 judges in a large, northern U.S. jurisdiction revealed significant main and interaction effects of a defendant's race on bond amounts, pretrial detention, and nonsuspended prison sentences, but no signific…
Perceptions of Police Practice, Cynicism of Police Performance, and Persistent Neighborhood Violence
From Initial Appearance to Sentencing
The relationship of work-family conflict with job stress among Indian police officers
Law enforcement is often described as a challenging occupation, and working in law enforcement can result in work–family conflict. This exploratory study was undertaken to examine how the different dimensions of work–family conflict are related to job stress among Indian police officers. There are four major dimensions of work–family conflict: strain-based, behavior-based, time-based, and family-based. Data was collected from a survey of police o…
Virtual Interviews at Graduate Medical Education Training Programs
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the nation’s health care system, including on graduate medical education (GME) training programs. Traditionally, residency and fellowship training program applications involve in-person interviews conducted on-site, with only a minority of programs offering interviews remotely via a virtual platform. However, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is anticipated that most interviews will be conduc…
Policing the police
Recently, there has been a push for policies that seek to increase police accountability. Two of these policies, requiring independent investigations and prosecutions of police shootings, have been suggested by academics and activists. Using a sample of undergraduate college students from a large Midwestern university, this study examines the extent and correlates of support for these two policies. The results of the study indicate that both poli…
Political science (27 works) · Psychology (27 works) · Criminology (22 works) · Law (21 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (20 works) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (20 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Law (12 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (9 works)