Andrzej Nowak
Biographic Data
| ID | 3621083 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrzej Nowak |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrzej |
| FAMILY NAME | Nowak |
| SIGNATURE | NOWAK A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Warsaw |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0026-8288 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 369 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Reinhart Koselleck’s Personal Sluices of Memory and Sediments of Experience
The article analyses selected aspects of the biography of Reinhart Koselleck (1923–2006), a German historian and theoretician of history. In particular, it brings to the fore significant traces of the Second World War experiences of the author of Kritik und Krise. Further, it looks at their influence on Koselleck’s critical approach to the concept of collective memory and on the anti-utopian thrust of his historical theory
Integration and expression: The complementary functions of self‐reflection
No construct is more central to personality than the person's self‐concept. Higher‐order domains of self‐assessment, including self‐perceived skills, traits, and values, are expressed in action and provide frames of reference for deciding whether to accept or reject personally relevant social feedback. To perform these functions in a consistent manner, the domains of self‐concept need to achieve coherence, with the components of each domain suffi…
The effect of the pandemic on European narratives on smart cities and surveillance
This article presents an analysis of European smart city narratives and how they evolved under the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic. We start with Joss et al.’s observation that the smart-city discourse is presently in flux, engaged in intensive boundary-work and struggling to gain wider support. We approach this process from the critical perspective of surveillance capitalism, as proposed by Zuboff, to highlight the growing privacy concerns rel…
Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: The case of Wikipedia
Detection of conflict-prone discussions on online social platforms can help moderate debates and prevent negative social processes such as the formation of echo chambers or polarization of opinions. Here, we examined how controversy of a discussion topic can be estimated from formal characteristics of discussion threads on the English Wikipedia. We discovered that dyadic turn-taking patterns tended to convey highly emotional, personal content, di…
The importance of being unearnest: Opportunists and the making of culture
cooperation in a society. The studies illuminate the role Opportunists play in producing these backfire effects. In addition to highlighting other features shaping culture (e.g., risk and reward in the environment, "founder effects" requiring a critical mass of certain strategies at a culture's initial stage), the studies help illustrate how Opportunists create aspects of culture that otherwise seem paradoxical, are dismissed as "error," or produ…
Democratic Situations
Sustainability) Research Group.She is a science and technology studies scholar and geographer interested in the relationships between science, democracy and the environment, and particularly
Target in Control: Social Influence as Distributed Information Processing
Homophily as a Process Generating Social Networks: Insights from Social Distance Attachment Model
Real-world social networks o en exhibit high levels of clustering, positive degree assortativity, short average path lengths (small-world property) and right-skewed but rarely power law degree distributions. On the other hand homophily, defined as the propensity of similar agents to connect to each other, is one of the most fundamental social processes observed in many human and animal societies. In this paper we examine the extent to which homop…
Democratizing Platforms for Social Coordination
Information and communication technology (ICT) enabled social media platforms facilitate, at one level, social interaction, management of social contacts, and the promotion of self-exposure. On another level, they arguably meet a profound social need for opportunities to pursue sociallyvaluable projects, and for the free exercise of constitutive human capacities, on a hitherto unprecedented scale. Alongside these significant benefits, there are a…
Rationally Irrational?
A commitment to honor is a commitment to irrationality—at least in the short-run—because it involves defending one’s honor, regardless of stakes or cost. Yet, circumstances giving rise to honor cultures—lawless environments, portable (easy-to-steal) wealth—create milieus where people must appear tough to deter predators. Thus, what seems irrational in the short-run may be rational in the long-run. This chapter describes three agent-based models e…
Assessing Artificial Intelligence for Humanity: Will AI be the Our Biggest Ever Advance ? or the Biggest Threat [Opinion]
Recent rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are arguably the most important dimension of humanity's progress to date. As members of the human race, that is, homo sapiens, we are defined by our capacity for cognition. Until now, humans were the only species capable of higher cognitive functions. But today AI has advanced to a stage where on many cognitionrelated tasks it can match and even surpass the performance of humans. Examples …
Simulating the emergence of social order from individual behaviour
This chapter shows that computer simulations can model the change in attitudes in a population resulting from the interactive, reciprocal and recursive operation of Latané’s (1981) Theory of Social Impact. This theory specifies principles underlying how individuals are affected by their social environment, in particular, how individuals are affected by the strength, immediacy and number of people holding alternative or similar viewpoints. Several…
Nonlinear societal change: The perspective of dynamical systems
Although rapid social change reflects each society's unique combination of myriad social, historical, political, and economic factors, we argue that the defining features of such change can be understood with recourse to the dynamic processes inherent in complex systems. Accordingly, we present a formal model that describes, in minimalist terms, the dynamics associated with rapid societal transitions in a society's norms and attitudes-and to the …
Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy: Introduction and Essays on New and Changing Paradigms in Socio-Economic Thinking
The overall aim of this book, an outcome of the European FP7 FET Open NESS project, is to contribute to the ongoing effort to put the quantitative social sciences on a proper footing for the 21st century. A key focus is economics, and its implications on policy making, where the still dominant traditional approach increasingly struggles to capture the economic realities we observe in the world today - with vested interests getting too often in th…
Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy
Between 2011 and 2014 the European Non-Equilibrium Social Science Project (NESS) investigated the place of equilibrium in the social sciences and policy. Orthodox economics is based on an equilibrium view of how the economy functions and does not offer a complete description of how the world operates. However, mainstream economics is not an empty box. Its fundamental insight, that people respond to incentives, may be the only universal law of beh…
Computational Social Psychology
This chapter provides a broad and selective introduction to diverse literatures on computational approaches to cultural dynamics. It explains the social psychological models of cultural dynamics, and then move to two prominent approaches to cultural dynamics— Axelrod's model of cultural dissemination and evolutionary game theoretic approaches to evolution of cooperation. These approaches focus on complementary aspects of cultural dynamics, and th…
The Intrinsic Dynamics of Psychological Process
Psychological processes unfold on various timescales in accord with internally generated patterns. The intrinsic dynamism of psychological process is difficult to investigate using traditional methods emphasizing cause–effect relations, however, and therefore is rarely incorporated into social psychological theory. Methods associated with nonlinear dynamical systems can assess temporal patterns in thought and behavior, reveal the emergence of glo…
The Critical Few: Anticonformists at the Crossroads of Minority Opinion Survival and Collapse
To maintain stability yet retain the flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances, social systems must strike a balance between the maintenance of a shared reality and the survival of minority opinion. A computational model is presented that investigates the interplay of two basic, oppositional social processes—conformity and anticonformity—in promoting the emergence of this balance. Computer simulations employing a cellular automata platform t…
Social, Psychological and Technological Determinants of Energy Use
The traditional supply-side model of energy generation and use is changing rapidly. Two major, inter-dependent problems that electric power grids currently face are sustainability in the long run and dealing with the peaks and lows of demand in the short term
The Reinvention of Social Capital for Socio-Technical Systems [Special Section Introduction]
Attractor landscapes and reaction functions in escalation and de-escalation
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two formal models of escalation and de-escalation: the attractor landscape model and the S-shaped reaction function model. Also, the paper aims to enumerate conditions that affect the shape and location of reaction functions and, hence, the stability of less and more escalated states. Design/methodology/approach – Both models are presented together with geometric proofs of the main as…
Complex Human Dynamics: From Mind to Societies
Dynamical Social Psychology: An Introduction
Why Simulate? To Develop a Mental Model
Computer simulations, one of the most powerful tools of science, have many uses. This paper concentrates on the benefits to the social science researcher. Based on our, somewhat paradoxical experiences we had when working with computer simulations, we argue that the main benefit for the researchers who work with computer simulations is to develop a mental model of the abstract process they are simulating. The development of a mental model results…
The psychological structure of aggression across cultures
To date, the vast majority of the research on aggression has been conducted on Western samples. This research expands the culture‐bound understanding of aggression by examining universal and culture‐specific dimensions that underlie the psychological structure of aggression. Drawing on cultural logics of honor, dignity, and face, we examine the construal of aggression across Pakistan, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Multidimensional scaling…
From private attitude to public opinion: A dynamic theory of social impact
A computer simulation modeled the change of attitudes in a population resulting from the interactive, reciprocal, and reeursive operation of Latan~'s (198 I) theory of social impact, which specifies principles underlying how individuals are affected by their social environment. Surprisingly, several macrolevel phenomena emerged from the simple operation of this microlevei theory, including an incomplete polarization of opinions reaching a stable …
Distance Matters: Physical Space and Social Impact
Studies of college students and citizens of south Florida, United States, students in Shanghai, China, and an international sample of social psychologists show that social influence, measured by the frequency of memorable interactions, is heavily determined by distance. In all three cases, although there was a great deal of interaction with distant persons, the relationship between distance and interaction frequency was well described by an inver…
Measuring emergent social phenomena: Dynamism, polarization, and clustering as order parameters of social systems
We derive three system order parameters: dynamism, polarization, and clustering, to describe global states of attitude distribution and change for human social systems. Dynamism (f) captures the rate of change in a system, while polarization (Pt) refers to the increase or decrease of a minority position over time. Clustering (e) defines the spatial segregation of opinion based on system topography. These measures suggest a conception of human sys…
Intractable Conflict as an Attractor: A Dynamical Systems Approach to Conflict Escalation and Intractability
Decades of research on social conflict has contributed to researchers' understanding of a wide variety of psychological, social, and community-based aspects of conflict escalation and intractability. However, the field has yet to put forth a theoretical model that links these components to the basic underlying structures and dynamics that account for intractability and transformation. This article presents a dynamical systems approach to conceptu…
The psychological structure of aggression across cultures
To date, the vast majority of the research on aggression has been conducted on Western samples. This research expands the culture‐bound understanding of aggression by examining universal and culture‐specific dimensions that underlie the psychological structure of aggression. Drawing on cultural logics of honor, dignity, and face, we examine the construal of aggression across Pakistan, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Multidimensional scaling…
Rethinking intractable conflict: The perspective of dynamical systems
Intractable conflicts are demoralizing. Beyond destabilizing the families, communities, or international regions in which they occur, they tend to perpetuate the very conditions of misery and hate that contributed to them in the first place. Although the common factors and processes associated with intractable conflicts have been identified through research, they represent an embarrassment of riches for theory construction. Thus, the current task…
Dynamical Minimalism: Why Less is More in Psychology
The principle of parsimony, embraced in all areas of science, states that simple explanations are preferable to complex explanations in theory construction. Parsimony, however, can necessitate a trade-off with depth and richness in understanding. The approach of dynamical minimalism avoids this trade-off. The goal of this approach is to identify the simplest mechanisms and fewest variables capable of producing the phenomenon in question. A dynami…
Numerical trap’. A new look at outcome representation in studies on choice behaviour
In almost all experimental studies on choice behaviour the consequences of choices are limited to denumerable goods (usually money) and represented in a numerical way. It is argued that a different way of representing consequences would cause differences in social orientations. In an exploratory study (1) the kind of consequences (money, satisfaction with money and satisfaction with the situation) and (2) the way of representing consequences (num…
Computational Social Psychology
This chapter provides a broad and selective introduction to diverse literatures on computational approaches to cultural dynamics. It explains the social psychological models of cultural dynamics, and then move to two prominent approaches to cultural dynamics— Axelrod's model of cultural dissemination and evolutionary game theoretic approaches to evolution of cooperation. These approaches focus on complementary aspects of cultural dynamics, and th…
Hidden dimensions: The stability and structure of regional political cleavages in Poland
The main aim of this paper is to show that behind the complex and fluid surface dimension of the Polish political scene it is possible to reveal a relatively stable two-dimensional structure of deep political identities. The study is based on the analysis of ecological data — the results of elections from 1990 to 1997. The results prove the exceptional stability of the Polish electoral geography and appear to be consistent with other studies base…
Intrinsic dynamics of social judgment
Ss expressed their moment-to-moment feelings about a target on a computer screen. In the 1 st study, the target was a positive, negative, or mixed-valence acquaintance; in the 2nd study, the target was a liked versus disliked acquaintance who committed a positive versus negative act. Several dynamic measures were derived from the positioning of the cursor (sampled 10 times per second) over a 2min period. The dimension of the structure underlying …
The Intrinsic Dynamics of Psychological Process
Psychological processes unfold on various timescales in accord with internally generated patterns. The intrinsic dynamism of psychological process is difficult to investigate using traditional methods emphasizing cause–effect relations, however, and therefore is rarely incorporated into social psychological theory. Methods associated with nonlinear dynamical systems can assess temporal patterns in thought and behavior, reveal the emergence of glo…
The Critical Few: Anticonformists at the Crossroads of Minority Opinion Survival and Collapse
To maintain stability yet retain the flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances, social systems must strike a balance between the maintenance of a shared reality and the survival of minority opinion. A computational model is presented that investigates the interplay of two basic, oppositional social processes—conformity and anticonformity—in promoting the emergence of this balance. Computer simulations employing a cellular automata platform t…
Nonlinear societal change: The perspective of dynamical systems
Although rapid social change reflects each society's unique combination of myriad social, historical, political, and economic factors, we argue that the defining features of such change can be understood with recourse to the dynamic processes inherent in complex systems. Accordingly, we present a formal model that describes, in minimalist terms, the dynamics associated with rapid societal transitions in a society's norms and attitudes-and to the …
Peace is in movement: A dynamical systems perspective on the emergence of peace in Mozambique
The Mozambique peace process is one of the most promising cases of an intervention strategy that transformed a protracted, intractable conflict into a resilient social system of sustainable peace. After 16 years of extremely violent civil war, a series of semi-official interventions led to a successful transition to peace in 1992, much to the surprise of the international community. This article uses the dynamical systems perspective to explore h…
Democratic Situations
Sustainability) Research Group.She is a science and technology studies scholar and geographer interested in the relationships between science, democracy and the environment, and particularly
Mapping Europe's Borderlands: Russian Cartography in the Age of Empire
Dynamical foundations of intractable conflict: Introduction to the special issue
This special issue conceptualizes and investigates intractable social conflict from the perspective of dynamical social psychology. This approach represents a distillation of the concepts, methods, and tools associated with dynamical systems and complexity science that were initially developed in mathematics and the natural sciences. In this article, we provide an overview of the dynamical perspective on conflict, identify the key concepts that a…
Markedness, antisymmetry and complexity of constructions
Preview this article: Markedness, antisymmetry and complexity of constructions, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/livy.2.03cul-1.gif
From crude law to civil relations: The dynamics and potential resolution of intractable conflict
A formal model that captures the basic processes at work in the development and transformation of intractable conflict is presented. The formal model translates the insights of Deutsch's Crude Law of Social Relations, which distills the principles underlying a highly diverse set of research findings into parameters that can be explored through computer simulations. The results of the simulations show emergent consequences that were not anticipate…
Social entrepreneurs and constructive change: The wisdom of circumventing conflict
Ashoka Fellows—social entrepreneurs—often operate in a context of conflict as they challenge critical social problems that are seemingly hopeless and unsolvable. This article presents the strategies they employ, such as building new positive attractors (i.e., social capital) outside the field of influence of the conflict attractors; as a next step, they build a feedback loop between the success of their initiatives and reinforcement of social cap…
Social dilemmas exist in space
Numerical trap’. A new look at outcome representation in studies on choice behaviour
In almost all experimental studies on choice behaviour the consequences of choices are limited to denumerable goods (usually money) and represented in a numerical way. It is argued that a different way of representing consequences would cause differences in social orientations. In an exploratory study (1) the kind of consequences (money, satisfaction with money and satisfaction with the situation) and (2) the way of representing consequences (num…
From private attitude to public opinion: A dynamic theory of social impact
A computer simulation modeled the change of attitudes in a population resulting from the interactive, reciprocal, and reeursive operation of Latan~'s (198 I) theory of social impact, which specifies principles underlying how individuals are affected by their social environment. Surprisingly, several macrolevel phenomena emerged from the simple operation of this microlevei theory, including an incomplete polarization of opinions reaching a stable …
Measuring emergent social phenomena: Dynamism, polarization, and clustering as order parameters of social systems
We derive three system order parameters: dynamism, polarization, and clustering, to describe global states of attitude distribution and change for human social systems. Dynamism (f) captures the rate of change in a system, while polarization (Pt) refers to the increase or decrease of a minority position over time. Clustering (e) defines the spatial segregation of opinion based on system topography. These measures suggest a conception of human sys…
Intrinsic dynamics of social judgment
Ss expressed their moment-to-moment feelings about a target on a computer screen. In the 1 st study, the target was a positive, negative, or mixed-valence acquaintance; in the 2nd study, the target was a liked versus disliked acquaintance who committed a positive versus negative act. Several dynamic measures were derived from the positioning of the cursor (sampled 10 times per second) over a 2min period. The dimension of the structure underlying …
Distance Matters: Physical Space and Social Impact
Studies of college students and citizens of south Florida, United States, students in Shanghai, China, and an international sample of social psychologists show that social influence, measured by the frequency of memorable interactions, is heavily determined by distance. In all three cases, although there was a great deal of interaction with distant persons, the relationship between distance and interaction frequency was well described by an inver…
Modeling Social Change with Cellular Automata
Dynamical Social Psychology: The Next Iteration
We are delighted to have obtained feedback on our target article from such a distinguished and scientifically diverse set of commentators. It is precisely such a confluence of divergent perspectives that is crucial at this point in establishing the viability of the dynamical perspective in social psychology. Our stated aims in the target article were to describe an existing field of science that could be fruitfully applied to social psychological…
Hidden dimensions: The stability and structure of regional political cleavages in Poland
The main aim of this paper is to show that behind the complex and fluid surface dimension of the Polish political scene it is possible to reveal a relatively stable two-dimensional structure of deep political identities. The study is based on the analysis of ecological data — the results of elections from 1990 to 1997. The results prove the exceptional stability of the Polish electoral geography and appear to be consistent with other studies base…
Markedness, antisymmetry and complexity of constructions
Preview this article: Markedness, antisymmetry and complexity of constructions, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/livy.2.03cul-1.gif
Dynamical Grammar: Minimalism, Acquisition, and Change
Dynamical Grammar explores the consequences for language acquisition, language evolution, and linguistic theory of taking the underlying architecture of the language faculty to be that of a complex adaptive dynamical system. It contains the first results of a new and complex model of language acquisition which the authors have developed to measure how far language input is reflected in language output and thereby get a better idea of just how far…
Dynamical Minimalism: Why Less is More in Psychology
The principle of parsimony, embraced in all areas of science, states that simple explanations are preferable to complex explanations in theory construction. Parsimony, however, can necessitate a trade-off with depth and richness in understanding. The approach of dynamical minimalism avoids this trade-off. The goal of this approach is to identify the simplest mechanisms and fewest variables capable of producing the phenomenon in question. A dynami…
The emergence of personality: Dynamic foundations of individual variation☆
Intractable Conflict as an Attractor: Presenting a Dynamical Model of Conflict, Escalation, and Intractability
The Dynamics of Societal Transition: Modeling Nonlinear Change in the Polish Economic System
Social influence plays an important role in social transitions. The model of dynamic social influence is used to model social transitions. We assume that individuals communicate with a certain number of others to find out how much support each of the possible opinions has. Opinions of others located nearby and of those who are most influential are given the most consideration. Individuals adopt the opinions that they find most influential in the …
Intractable Conflict as an Attractor: A Dynamical Systems Approach to Conflict Escalation and Intractability
Decades of research on social conflict has contributed to researchers' understanding of a wide variety of psychological, social, and community-based aspects of conflict escalation and intractability. However, the field has yet to put forth a theoretical model that links these components to the basic underlying structures and dynamics that account for intractability and transformation. This article presents a dynamical systems approach to conceptu…
Reborn Poland or Reconstructed Empire? Questions on the Course and Results of Polish Eastern Policy (1918–1921)
The article presents the main geopolitical concepts of Polish foreign politics and military strategy between 1918 and 1921. The author discusses two general programmes of policy towards Poland’s neighbours to the East: the ‘federalist’ option associated with Józef Piłsudski, and the ‘incorporationist’ option of Roman Dmowski. The analysis is concentrated around the efforts to realize the former programme. Starting from a detailed analysis of Piłs…
From Crude Law to Civil Relations: The Dynamics and Potential Resolution of Intractable Conflict
Understanding the spread of malignant conflict: A dynamical systems perspective
The dynamics of intractable conflicts have been mainly studied in terms of their qualitative changes, escalations and de-escalations, stages, and turning points. Recently, scholars have began to describe another central aspect related to conflict dynamics: the degree to which conflict is capable of spreading beyond the original issues and its ability to transform “conflict-free issues” and organize them into the structure of the conflict. This ar…
From crude law to civil relations: The dynamics and potential resolution of intractable conflict
A formal model that captures the basic processes at work in the development and transformation of intractable conflict is presented. The formal model translates the insights of Deutsch's Crude Law of Social Relations, which distills the principles underlying a highly diverse set of research findings into parameters that can be explored through computer simulations. The results of the simulations show emergent consequences that were not anticipate…
Peace is in movement: A dynamical systems perspective on the emergence of peace in Mozambique
The Mozambique peace process is one of the most promising cases of an intervention strategy that transformed a protracted, intractable conflict into a resilient social system of sustainable peace. After 16 years of extremely violent civil war, a series of semi-official interventions led to a successful transition to peace in 1992, much to the surprise of the international community. This article uses the dynamical systems perspective to explore h…
Social entrepreneurs and constructive change: The wisdom of circumventing conflict
Ashoka Fellows—social entrepreneurs—often operate in a context of conflict as they challenge critical social problems that are seemingly hopeless and unsolvable. This article presents the strategies they employ, such as building new positive attractors (i.e., social capital) outside the field of influence of the conflict attractors; as a next step, they build a feedback loop between the success of their initiatives and reinforcement of social cap…
Dynamical foundations of intractable conflict: Introduction to the special issue
This special issue conceptualizes and investigates intractable social conflict from the perspective of dynamical social psychology. This approach represents a distillation of the concepts, methods, and tools associated with dynamical systems and complexity science that were initially developed in mathematics and the natural sciences. In this article, we provide an overview of the dynamical perspective on conflict, identify the key concepts that a…
Rethinking intractable conflict: The perspective of dynamical systems
Intractable conflicts are demoralizing. Beyond destabilizing the families, communities, or international regions in which they occur, they tend to perpetuate the very conditions of misery and hate that contributed to them in the first place. Although the common factors and processes associated with intractable conflicts have been identified through research, they represent an embarrassment of riches for theory construction. Thus, the current task…
Lovely weather, isn’t it? On the social dynamics of quality judgment
Quality is usually considered to be an attribute of an object, its degree of excellence or, more subjectively, fitness for use. Stemming from this point of view, the goal of most ranking systems is to find efficient ways of discovering, or rather uncovering, the quality of specific products or services. However, from a social psychological perspective it seems that the notion of quality belongs predominantly to the realm of social relationships. …
Computer Science (34 works) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (31 works) · Psychology (29 works) · Sociology (27 works) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (24 works) · Political science (23 works) · Economics (20 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Law (17 works) · Artificial Intelligence (13 works)