Xiaowen Xu
Biographic Data
| ID | 3621201 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Xiaowen Xu |
| GIVEN NAMES | Xiaowen |
| FAMILY NAME | Xu |
| SIGNATURE | XU X |
| AFFILIATIONS | Butler University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4525-2645 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 32 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Personality, Ideology, and Attitudes Toward Social Justice
OBJECTIVE: The importance of diversity, inclusiveness, and social justice has been increasingly emphasized in different institutions and organizations around the world. The present research adopted an individual differences approach to understanding people's attitudes toward diversity and social justice. METHOD: Across three studies (Ns ranging from 371 to 700), participants completed measures of Big Five personality traits, political ideology, a…
Examining older adults’ vulnerability to online health scams: Insights from routine activity theory
Introduction: Online health fraud has emerged as a significant digital risk for older adults in China, leading to considerable financial losses. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying health fraud targeting and victimization among older adult populations, refining Routine Activity Theory (RAT) to account for the distinct stages of fraud exposure and victimization. Methods: A survey was conducted among retired individuals in July…
Founder ownership and system‐justifying beliefs in relation to perception toward Black Lives Matter and other social movements
It is essential to understand the psychological mechanisms that help explain how people perceive, and why they participate in, social movements. Two psychological theories relevant to this endeavor are founder ownership and system justification beliefs. The current work examined how founder ownership and system‐justifying beliefs related to people's attitudes toward the Black Lives Matter movement (Studies 1 and 2) and other social movements (Stu…
How Big Five personality relates to political attitudes in Chinese samples
Although much work exists on the relationship between personality and political attitudes, much of it centered on Western samples. The present studies examined how personality related to political attitudes and beliefs in Chinese samples (total N = 3,089). Chinese samples recruited online completed measures of personality, and indicated their support for the current political system, increased civil liberties, and electoral democracy (both studie…
Chinese herbal Jianpi Jiedu formula suppressed colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo via modulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha-mediated fibroblasts activation
Diversity of digital media exposure, information verification and vaccination intention: An empirical study in China
Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public relied heavily on digital media to stay tuned for the latest update. Media preference could increase risk perceptions, although the influence of diverse media exposure remains unknown. Based on protection motivation theory, this study aims to investigate how digital media exposure diversity and information verification influence vaccination intention. Design/methodology/approach Analyzing survey da…
From neighborhoods to streetscapes: Pandemic-era shifts in built-environment effects on pedestrian mobility
New Philanthropy and Education Policy in China
This essay will explore how Chinese philanthropy mobilises with the instructions from the central government, and participates in implementation of policies in the form of network governance, by starting to unfold the existing landscape of philanthropy and neoliberalism, the following part will discuss how do they intertwine with contemporary education policy. The next chapter is going to address the idea of ‘new philanthropy’, of how it has beco…
The Effects of Product Type, Product Involvement and Technology Fluidity on Flow and Newsfeed Advertising
Existing research explaining product and technology factors influencing the effectiveness of newsfeed ads embedded in social media platforms remains scarce. Applying the flow concept and technology fluidity theory, this experiment explored how product and technological factors influenced consumers’ interaction with and evaluation of newsfeed ads on Facebook. Results showed that product type (think vs. feel) but not product involvement level (high…
How Personality Relates to Attitudes Toward Diversity and Workplace Diversity Initiatives
The present research examined how the Big Five traits Openness to Experience and Agreeableness predicted general attitudes toward diversity (Study 1) and receptivity to concrete diversity initiatives in the workplace (Study 2). Study 1 found that Openness to Experience positively predicted universal diverse orientation, but not pro-diversity belief or sensitivity to diversity. Agreeableness positively predicted universal diverse orientation and p…
Aspect-Level Personality Characteristics of U.S. Presidential Candidate Supporters in the 2016 and 2020 Elections
With two studies ( N=1,257), we examined the aspect-level personality predictors of support for major U.S. presidential candidates in 2016 and 2020. U.S. residents completed measures of aspect-level personality, overall political orientation, and support for each candidate. The profile that predicted support for each candidate diverged from the profile that predicted generic liberalism/conservatism. Moreover, differences emerged between supporter…
Exploring Transcultural Communication via Perceived Social Distance and Intergroup Acceptance toward K-Pop and Asian Culture
Well-known K-pop (Korean popular music) bands have gained the status of pop music icons, owing to their widespread popularity around the world. This study explored the interrelations between a set of relevant social and psychological factors to explain how K-pop has also contributed to a one-of-a-kind transcultural communication phenomenon on the Internet via social media. An online survey was conducted with a sample of non-Asian American college…
Exploring Covid-19 Vaccine Misinformation Exposure, Beliefs, Fear, and Information Avoidance via the Stimulus–Organism–Response Framework
Empirical evidence generated from theory-driven research addressing the relationship between misinformation and vaccine information avoidance during a pandemic remains lacking. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, this study examined the influence of vaccine misinformation exposure and information overload on cognitive and affective responses as well as vaccine information avoidance behaviors. Findings showed that misinformatio…
Three Dimensions of American Conservative Political Orientation Differentially Predict Negativity Bias and Satisfaction With Life
Numerous studies have linked political conservatism with negativity bias, whereas others have linked conservatism with indicators of positive adjustment. This research sought to reconcile this seeming contradiction by examining whether distinct dimensions of conservatism differentially predicted measures of negativity bias and positive adjustment. In two studies, we used an empirically derived and validated Attitude-Based Political Conservatism (…
Beyond Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness: Testing links between lower‐level personality traits and American political orientation
INTRODUCTION: Research has consistently revealed positive correlations between political liberalism and Openness to Experience, and between conservatism and Conscientiousness. Most of this research has made use of domain-level models of the Big Five personality traits. Recent work suggests, however, that each Big Five trait domain can be divided into distinct aspects or facets, which offer more nuanced characterizations of each trait. METHODS: Ac…
Exploring Bottled Water Purchase Intention via Trust in Advertising, Product Knowledge, Consumer Beliefs and Theory of Reasoned Action
As the bottled water market is projected to grow continuously worldwide, so is the plastic waste that pollutes the environment. The beverage industry's marketing campaigns have played an important role in sustaining the popularity of bottled water. Social science theory-based empirical research examining how consumers make bottled water consumption decisions remains limited. To help fill this literature gap, the current study tested a conceptual …
The alternatives to being silent: Exploring opinion expression avoidance strategies for discussing politics on Facebook
Purpose This study integrates the spiral of silence (SoS) theory and theory of planned behavior (TPB) by examining Facebook users' opinion expression avoidance, the reactions to dissenting views without revealing one's true opinion, in the context of political discussions. The present integrative approach provides a more comprehensive framework that expands our understanding of online opinion expression and withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach…
Disgust and Deontology: Trait Sensitivity to Contamination Promotes a Preference for Order, Hierarchy, and Rule-Based Moral Judgment
Models of moral judgment have linked generalized emotionality with deontological moral judgment. The evidence, however, is mixed. Other research has linked the specific emotion of disgust with generalized moral condemnation. Here too, the evidence is mixed. We suggest that a synthesis of these two literatures points to one specific emotion (disgust) that reliably predicts one specific type of moral judgment (deontological). In all three studies, …
Effectiveness of online consumer reviews: The influence of valence, reviewer ethnicity, social distance and source trustworthiness
Purpose Extant research addressing how consumers respond to electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) remains limited. Even less attention has been devoted to examining the trustworthiness of consumer reviewers with different ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of reviewer ethnicity, review valence and social distance (to three different ethnic groups) on perceived reviewer trustworthiness, brand attitude and purchase …
Differences in Media Preference Mediate the Link Between Personality and Political Orientation
Research has consistently demonstrated that political liberalism is predicted by the personality trait Openness to Experience and conservatism by trait Conscientiousness. Less well studied, however, is how trait personality influences political orientation. The present study investigated whether differences in media preference might mediate the links between personality and political orientation. Participants completed measures of Big Five person…
Fighting Back: Inner-City Community Responses to Food Insecurity
This study investigated perceptions of stigma stemming from food insecurity experienced by residents of an inner-city community described as a food desert. Sixty inner-city residents were interviewed about their difficulty in providing healthy food for their families. The study measured four kinds of structural barriers which contributed to the experience of stigma. Participants agreed that welfare created a barrier and reported experiencing heal…
Compassionate Liberals and Polite Conservatives: Associations of Agreeableness With Political Ideology and Moral Values
Political conservatism has been characterized by resistance to change and acceptance of inequality, with liberalism characterized by the polar opposite of these values. Political attitudes are heritable and may be influenced by basic personality traits. In previous research, conservatism (vs. liberalism) has been associated positively with Conscientiousness and negatively with Openness-Intellect, consistent with the association of conservatism wi…
Effectiveness of online consumer reviews: The influence of valence, reviewer ethnicity, social distance and source trustworthiness
Purpose Extant research addressing how consumers respond to electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) remains limited. Even less attention has been devoted to examining the trustworthiness of consumer reviewers with different ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of reviewer ethnicity, review valence and social distance (to three different ethnic groups) on perceived reviewer trustworthiness, brand attitude and purchase …
Differences in Media Preference Mediate the Link Between Personality and Political Orientation
Research has consistently demonstrated that political liberalism is predicted by the personality trait Openness to Experience and conservatism by trait Conscientiousness. Less well studied, however, is how trait personality influences political orientation. The present study investigated whether differences in media preference might mediate the links between personality and political orientation. Participants completed measures of Big Five person…
Exploring Covid-19 Vaccine Misinformation Exposure, Beliefs, Fear, and Information Avoidance via the Stimulus–Organism–Response Framework
Empirical evidence generated from theory-driven research addressing the relationship between misinformation and vaccine information avoidance during a pandemic remains lacking. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, this study examined the influence of vaccine misinformation exposure and information overload on cognitive and affective responses as well as vaccine information avoidance behaviors. Findings showed that misinformatio…
Exploring Bottled Water Purchase Intention via Trust in Advertising, Product Knowledge, Consumer Beliefs and Theory of Reasoned Action
As the bottled water market is projected to grow continuously worldwide, so is the plastic waste that pollutes the environment. The beverage industry's marketing campaigns have played an important role in sustaining the popularity of bottled water. Social science theory-based empirical research examining how consumers make bottled water consumption decisions remains limited. To help fill this literature gap, the current study tested a conceptual …
The alternatives to being silent: Exploring opinion expression avoidance strategies for discussing politics on Facebook
Purpose This study integrates the spiral of silence (SoS) theory and theory of planned behavior (TPB) by examining Facebook users' opinion expression avoidance, the reactions to dissenting views without revealing one's true opinion, in the context of political discussions. The present integrative approach provides a more comprehensive framework that expands our understanding of online opinion expression and withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach…
Compassionate Liberals and Polite Conservatives: Associations of Agreeableness With Political Ideology and Moral Values
Political conservatism has been characterized by resistance to change and acceptance of inequality, with liberalism characterized by the polar opposite of these values. Political attitudes are heritable and may be influenced by basic personality traits. In previous research, conservatism (vs. liberalism) has been associated positively with Conscientiousness and negatively with Openness-Intellect, consistent with the association of conservatism wi…
Fighting Back: Inner-City Community Responses to Food Insecurity
This study investigated perceptions of stigma stemming from food insecurity experienced by residents of an inner-city community described as a food desert. Sixty inner-city residents were interviewed about their difficulty in providing healthy food for their families. The study measured four kinds of structural barriers which contributed to the experience of stigma. Participants agreed that welfare created a barrier and reported experiencing heal…
Effectiveness of online consumer reviews: The influence of valence, reviewer ethnicity, social distance and source trustworthiness
Purpose Extant research addressing how consumers respond to electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) remains limited. Even less attention has been devoted to examining the trustworthiness of consumer reviewers with different ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of reviewer ethnicity, review valence and social distance (to three different ethnic groups) on perceived reviewer trustworthiness, brand attitude and purchase …
Differences in Media Preference Mediate the Link Between Personality and Political Orientation
Research has consistently demonstrated that political liberalism is predicted by the personality trait Openness to Experience and conservatism by trait Conscientiousness. Less well studied, however, is how trait personality influences political orientation. The present study investigated whether differences in media preference might mediate the links between personality and political orientation. Participants completed measures of Big Five person…
Disgust and Deontology: Trait Sensitivity to Contamination Promotes a Preference for Order, Hierarchy, and Rule-Based Moral Judgment
Models of moral judgment have linked generalized emotionality with deontological moral judgment. The evidence, however, is mixed. Other research has linked the specific emotion of disgust with generalized moral condemnation. Here too, the evidence is mixed. We suggest that a synthesis of these two literatures points to one specific emotion (disgust) that reliably predicts one specific type of moral judgment (deontological). In all three studies, …
The alternatives to being silent: Exploring opinion expression avoidance strategies for discussing politics on Facebook
Purpose This study integrates the spiral of silence (SoS) theory and theory of planned behavior (TPB) by examining Facebook users' opinion expression avoidance, the reactions to dissenting views without revealing one's true opinion, in the context of political discussions. The present integrative approach provides a more comprehensive framework that expands our understanding of online opinion expression and withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach…
Beyond Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness: Testing links between lower‐level personality traits and American political orientation
INTRODUCTION: Research has consistently revealed positive correlations between political liberalism and Openness to Experience, and between conservatism and Conscientiousness. Most of this research has made use of domain-level models of the Big Five personality traits. Recent work suggests, however, that each Big Five trait domain can be divided into distinct aspects or facets, which offer more nuanced characterizations of each trait. METHODS: Ac…
Exploring Bottled Water Purchase Intention via Trust in Advertising, Product Knowledge, Consumer Beliefs and Theory of Reasoned Action
As the bottled water market is projected to grow continuously worldwide, so is the plastic waste that pollutes the environment. The beverage industry's marketing campaigns have played an important role in sustaining the popularity of bottled water. Social science theory-based empirical research examining how consumers make bottled water consumption decisions remains limited. To help fill this literature gap, the current study tested a conceptual …
Three Dimensions of American Conservative Political Orientation Differentially Predict Negativity Bias and Satisfaction With Life
Numerous studies have linked political conservatism with negativity bias, whereas others have linked conservatism with indicators of positive adjustment. This research sought to reconcile this seeming contradiction by examining whether distinct dimensions of conservatism differentially predicted measures of negativity bias and positive adjustment. In two studies, we used an empirically derived and validated Attitude-Based Political Conservatism (…
New Philanthropy and Education Policy in China
This essay will explore how Chinese philanthropy mobilises with the instructions from the central government, and participates in implementation of policies in the form of network governance, by starting to unfold the existing landscape of philanthropy and neoliberalism, the following part will discuss how do they intertwine with contemporary education policy. The next chapter is going to address the idea of ‘new philanthropy’, of how it has beco…
The Effects of Product Type, Product Involvement and Technology Fluidity on Flow and Newsfeed Advertising
Existing research explaining product and technology factors influencing the effectiveness of newsfeed ads embedded in social media platforms remains scarce. Applying the flow concept and technology fluidity theory, this experiment explored how product and technological factors influenced consumers’ interaction with and evaluation of newsfeed ads on Facebook. Results showed that product type (think vs. feel) but not product involvement level (high…
How Personality Relates to Attitudes Toward Diversity and Workplace Diversity Initiatives
The present research examined how the Big Five traits Openness to Experience and Agreeableness predicted general attitudes toward diversity (Study 1) and receptivity to concrete diversity initiatives in the workplace (Study 2). Study 1 found that Openness to Experience positively predicted universal diverse orientation, but not pro-diversity belief or sensitivity to diversity. Agreeableness positively predicted universal diverse orientation and p…
Aspect-Level Personality Characteristics of U.S. Presidential Candidate Supporters in the 2016 and 2020 Elections
With two studies ( N=1,257), we examined the aspect-level personality predictors of support for major U.S. presidential candidates in 2016 and 2020. U.S. residents completed measures of aspect-level personality, overall political orientation, and support for each candidate. The profile that predicted support for each candidate diverged from the profile that predicted generic liberalism/conservatism. Moreover, differences emerged between supporter…
Exploring Transcultural Communication via Perceived Social Distance and Intergroup Acceptance toward K-Pop and Asian Culture
Well-known K-pop (Korean popular music) bands have gained the status of pop music icons, owing to their widespread popularity around the world. This study explored the interrelations between a set of relevant social and psychological factors to explain how K-pop has also contributed to a one-of-a-kind transcultural communication phenomenon on the Internet via social media. An online survey was conducted with a sample of non-Asian American college…
Exploring Covid-19 Vaccine Misinformation Exposure, Beliefs, Fear, and Information Avoidance via the Stimulus–Organism–Response Framework
Empirical evidence generated from theory-driven research addressing the relationship between misinformation and vaccine information avoidance during a pandemic remains lacking. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, this study examined the influence of vaccine misinformation exposure and information overload on cognitive and affective responses as well as vaccine information avoidance behaviors. Findings showed that misinformatio…
Examining older adults’ vulnerability to online health scams: Insights from routine activity theory
Introduction: Online health fraud has emerged as a significant digital risk for older adults in China, leading to considerable financial losses. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying health fraud targeting and victimization among older adult populations, refining Routine Activity Theory (RAT) to account for the distinct stages of fraud exposure and victimization. Methods: A survey was conducted among retired individuals in July…
Founder ownership and system‐justifying beliefs in relation to perception toward Black Lives Matter and other social movements
It is essential to understand the psychological mechanisms that help explain how people perceive, and why they participate in, social movements. Two psychological theories relevant to this endeavor are founder ownership and system justification beliefs. The current work examined how founder ownership and system‐justifying beliefs related to people's attitudes toward the Black Lives Matter movement (Studies 1 and 2) and other social movements (Stu…
How Big Five personality relates to political attitudes in Chinese samples
Although much work exists on the relationship between personality and political attitudes, much of it centered on Western samples. The present studies examined how personality related to political attitudes and beliefs in Chinese samples (total N = 3,089). Chinese samples recruited online completed measures of personality, and indicated their support for the current political system, increased civil liberties, and electoral democracy (both studie…
Chinese herbal Jianpi Jiedu formula suppressed colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo via modulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha-mediated fibroblasts activation
Diversity of digital media exposure, information verification and vaccination intention: An empirical study in China
Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public relied heavily on digital media to stay tuned for the latest update. Media preference could increase risk perceptions, although the influence of diverse media exposure remains unknown. Based on protection motivation theory, this study aims to investigate how digital media exposure diversity and information verification influence vaccination intention. Design/methodology/approach Analyzing survey da…
From neighborhoods to streetscapes: Pandemic-era shifts in built-environment effects on pedestrian mobility
Personality, Ideology, and Attitudes Toward Social Justice
OBJECTIVE: The importance of diversity, inclusiveness, and social justice has been increasingly emphasized in different institutions and organizations around the world. The present research adopted an individual differences approach to understanding people's attitudes toward diversity and social justice. METHOD: Across three studies (Ns ranging from 371 to 700), participants completed measures of Big Five personality traits, political ideology, a…
Psychology (19 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Political science (11 works) · Politics (8 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (8 works) · Personality (7 works) · Big Five personality traits (6 works) · Extraversion and introversion (6 works) · Openness to experience (6 works) · Personality Traits and Psychology (6 works)