Kyle P Freund
Biographic Data
| ID | 3623254 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kyle P Freund |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kyle P |
| FAMILY NAME | Freund |
| SIGNATURE | FREUND K P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Indian River State College |
| ORCID | 0009-0005-7040-2552 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 56 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 18 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
An updated synthesis of the projectile point typology and chronology of Eastern Idaho
The eastern Idaho archaeological record is a unique confluence of the Great Basin, Columbia Plateau, and Great Plains, resulting in a diverse and complex projectile point sequence. This study presents a revised typology and chronology of projectile points in the region, grounded in a comprehensive review of over 750 diagnostic examples from 16 stratified sites and 106 associated radiocarbon dates. We reevaluate existing classifications and propos…
On Pins and Daggers
This research uses non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry to characterize the composition of 56 metal artifacts from 11 sites throughout the Italian island of Sardinia dating from the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (ca. late 4th to early 2nd millennia BCE). These objects are housed at the Museo G.A. Sanna di Sassari and the Museo Nazionale di Cagliari and represent one of the most comprehensive collections …
Assessing the Impact of Firing on the Elemental Composition of Clays Using X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
The use of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) spectrometry for analyzing ceramic artifacts typically centers on identifying geochemical groups within an assemblage and/or matching artifacts to specific clay sources or alluvial systems. For those focused on provenance, there are unresolved methodological issues concerning the effects of firing on the composition of raw clays. For this study, raw clays from eastern Idaho were analyzed wi…
Fine-grained volcanic lithic sources of eastern Idaho
This research focuses on the geochemistry and archaeological exploitation of fine-grained volcanic (FGV) lithic sources in eastern Idaho. By combining energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) characterization of these sources with a discussion of their exploitation at 27 precontact archaeological sites, this paper provides one of the few overviews of these important resources. The geological context of each source is discussed, and the XRF r…
Ritual and Connectivity in Nuragic Sardinia
In Nuragic Sardinia, growing evidence indicates that during the Final Bronze Age, and continuing into the Early Iron Age, a reconfiguration of the Nuragic ideological framework took place, with formal sanctuaries assuming a central role in ritual practice. In a limited number of cases, however, ritualised or cultic activities continued within pre-existing Nuragic complexes. Nuraghe Barru, in south-central Sardinia, provides an example of this phe…
Obsidian from the Site of Piano dei Cardoni, Ustica (Palermo, Italy)
New investigations on Ustica (Palermo, Sicily) originated from the need to improve our knowledge of the island’s archaeological and environmental heritage. Through field surveys, particular attention was paid to human occupation in the Neolithic phases and focused on the less investigated southern side of the island. The systematic survey of the area of Piano dei Cardoni in 2018 brought to light a new Middle/Late Neolithic site, already partially…
New insights into Early Iron Age connections between Sardinia and Etruria
Early metallurgy in Sardinia
A long-term perspective on the exploitation of Lipari obsidian in central Mediterranean prehistory
Lunati and the island of towers
Contextualizing the Role of Obsidian in Chalcolithic Sicily ( c . 3500 – 2500 BC)
Through the analysis of 106 obsidian artifacts from eight Chalcolithic sites throughout the island of Sicily (c. 3500–2500 bc) this paper discusses the interplay between the procurement of obsidian raw materials and their consequent reduction, in turn highlighting long-term trends in lithic exploitation from the Neolithic through Chalcolithic eras. By combining obsidian sourcing with techno-typological analysis, this paper takes an initial step t…
Spherulites and Aspiring Elites
This paper details the results of a survey of the obsidian sources on the island of Giali in the Dodecanese, Greece, together with a review of these raw materials’ use from the Mesolithic to the Late Bronze Age (ninth to second millennium Cal bc). Elemental characterization of 76 geological samples from 11 sampling locations demonstrates the existence of two geochemically distinct sources, termed ‘Giali A’, and ‘Giali B’. The latter material, ava…
Supplementary Data for Spherulites and Aspiring Elites
Contextualizing Bronze Age Obsidian Use at the ‘Ritual Spring’ of Mitza Pidighi (Sardinia)
This study focuses on obsidian consumption at the ‘ritual spring’ of Mitza Pidighi in west-central Sardinia, Italy. The site dates to the late Nuragic I to Nuragic III phases of the Bronze Age (ca. 1350–850 B.C.) and is found just east of a contemporaneous residential village, Nuraghe Pidighi. While recent years have seen a surge of archaeological literature on the subject of obsidian use at residential sites throughout the island, there has been…
Sardinian Obsidian Circulation and Early Maritime Navigation in the Neolithic as Shown Through Social Network Analysis
Scholars typically argue that cultural interaction between the West Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Corsica and the European mainland took place through the Tuscan Archipelago, via such intermediary islands as Elba and Pianosa. This path is posited as the prime route in and out of these islands for both people and objects throughout prehistory largely due to the belief that early—pre-sail—seafarers would have wished to avoid more treacherou…
Obsidian consumption in Chalcolithic Sardinia
An Assessment of the Current Applications and Future Directions of Obsidian Sourcing Studies in Archaeological Research
This paper thematically characterizes a large body of recent obsidian sourcing discourse as a means of highlighting the current place of obsidian provenance studies in larger archaeological discourse. It is shown that the field of obsidian sourcing is flourishing, with a clear upward trend in the number of published studies in the past decade. This paper further argues that sourcing is a means to an end, a way to determine where artefacts origina…
Lithic technology and obsidian exchange networks in Bronze Age Nuragic Sardinia (Italy)
An Assessment of the Current Applications and Future Directions of Obsidian Sourcing Studies in Archaeological Research
This paper thematically characterizes a large body of recent obsidian sourcing discourse as a means of highlighting the current place of obsidian provenance studies in larger archaeological discourse. It is shown that the field of obsidian sourcing is flourishing, with a clear upward trend in the number of published studies in the past decade. This paper further argues that sourcing is a means to an end, a way to determine where artefacts origina…
Lithic technology and obsidian exchange networks in Bronze Age Nuragic Sardinia (Italy)
Sardinian Obsidian Circulation and Early Maritime Navigation in the Neolithic as Shown Through Social Network Analysis
Scholars typically argue that cultural interaction between the West Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Corsica and the European mainland took place through the Tuscan Archipelago, via such intermediary islands as Elba and Pianosa. This path is posited as the prime route in and out of these islands for both people and objects throughout prehistory largely due to the belief that early—pre-sail—seafarers would have wished to avoid more treacherou…
Obsidian consumption in Chalcolithic Sardinia
Spherulites and Aspiring Elites
This paper details the results of a survey of the obsidian sources on the island of Giali in the Dodecanese, Greece, together with a review of these raw materials’ use from the Mesolithic to the Late Bronze Age (ninth to second millennium Cal bc). Elemental characterization of 76 geological samples from 11 sampling locations demonstrates the existence of two geochemically distinct sources, termed ‘Giali A’, and ‘Giali B’. The latter material, ava…
Contextualizing the Role of Obsidian in Chalcolithic Sicily ( c . 3500 – 2500 BC)
Through the analysis of 106 obsidian artifacts from eight Chalcolithic sites throughout the island of Sicily (c. 3500–2500 bc) this paper discusses the interplay between the procurement of obsidian raw materials and their consequent reduction, in turn highlighting long-term trends in lithic exploitation from the Neolithic through Chalcolithic eras. By combining obsidian sourcing with techno-typological analysis, this paper takes an initial step t…
Early metallurgy in Sardinia
Lithic technology and obsidian exchange networks in Bronze Age Nuragic Sardinia (Italy)
Obsidian consumption in Chalcolithic Sardinia
An Assessment of the Current Applications and Future Directions of Obsidian Sourcing Studies in Archaeological Research
This paper thematically characterizes a large body of recent obsidian sourcing discourse as a means of highlighting the current place of obsidian provenance studies in larger archaeological discourse. It is shown that the field of obsidian sourcing is flourishing, with a clear upward trend in the number of published studies in the past decade. This paper further argues that sourcing is a means to an end, a way to determine where artefacts origina…
Sardinian Obsidian Circulation and Early Maritime Navigation in the Neolithic as Shown Through Social Network Analysis
Scholars typically argue that cultural interaction between the West Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Corsica and the European mainland took place through the Tuscan Archipelago, via such intermediary islands as Elba and Pianosa. This path is posited as the prime route in and out of these islands for both people and objects throughout prehistory largely due to the belief that early—pre-sail—seafarers would have wished to avoid more treacherou…
Contextualizing Bronze Age Obsidian Use at the ‘Ritual Spring’ of Mitza Pidighi (Sardinia)
This study focuses on obsidian consumption at the ‘ritual spring’ of Mitza Pidighi in west-central Sardinia, Italy. The site dates to the late Nuragic I to Nuragic III phases of the Bronze Age (ca. 1350–850 B.C.) and is found just east of a contemporaneous residential village, Nuraghe Pidighi. While recent years have seen a surge of archaeological literature on the subject of obsidian use at residential sites throughout the island, there has been…
Spherulites and Aspiring Elites
This paper details the results of a survey of the obsidian sources on the island of Giali in the Dodecanese, Greece, together with a review of these raw materials’ use from the Mesolithic to the Late Bronze Age (ninth to second millennium Cal bc). Elemental characterization of 76 geological samples from 11 sampling locations demonstrates the existence of two geochemically distinct sources, termed ‘Giali A’, and ‘Giali B’. The latter material, ava…
Supplementary Data for Spherulites and Aspiring Elites
Contextualizing the Role of Obsidian in Chalcolithic Sicily ( c . 3500 – 2500 BC)
Through the analysis of 106 obsidian artifacts from eight Chalcolithic sites throughout the island of Sicily (c. 3500–2500 bc) this paper discusses the interplay between the procurement of obsidian raw materials and their consequent reduction, in turn highlighting long-term trends in lithic exploitation from the Neolithic through Chalcolithic eras. By combining obsidian sourcing with techno-typological analysis, this paper takes an initial step t…
A long-term perspective on the exploitation of Lipari obsidian in central Mediterranean prehistory
Lunati and the island of towers
Early metallurgy in Sardinia
New insights into Early Iron Age connections between Sardinia and Etruria
Obsidian from the Site of Piano dei Cardoni, Ustica (Palermo, Italy)
New investigations on Ustica (Palermo, Sicily) originated from the need to improve our knowledge of the island’s archaeological and environmental heritage. Through field surveys, particular attention was paid to human occupation in the Neolithic phases and focused on the less investigated southern side of the island. The systematic survey of the area of Piano dei Cardoni in 2018 brought to light a new Middle/Late Neolithic site, already partially…
An updated synthesis of the projectile point typology and chronology of Eastern Idaho
The eastern Idaho archaeological record is a unique confluence of the Great Basin, Columbia Plateau, and Great Plains, resulting in a diverse and complex projectile point sequence. This study presents a revised typology and chronology of projectile points in the region, grounded in a comprehensive review of over 750 diagnostic examples from 16 stratified sites and 106 associated radiocarbon dates. We reevaluate existing classifications and propos…
On Pins and Daggers
This research uses non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry to characterize the composition of 56 metal artifacts from 11 sites throughout the Italian island of Sardinia dating from the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (ca. late 4th to early 2nd millennia BCE). These objects are housed at the Museo G.A. Sanna di Sassari and the Museo Nazionale di Cagliari and represent one of the most comprehensive collections …
Assessing the Impact of Firing on the Elemental Composition of Clays Using X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
The use of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) spectrometry for analyzing ceramic artifacts typically centers on identifying geochemical groups within an assemblage and/or matching artifacts to specific clay sources or alluvial systems. For those focused on provenance, there are unresolved methodological issues concerning the effects of firing on the composition of raw clays. For this study, raw clays from eastern Idaho were analyzed wi…
Fine-grained volcanic lithic sources of eastern Idaho
This research focuses on the geochemistry and archaeological exploitation of fine-grained volcanic (FGV) lithic sources in eastern Idaho. By combining energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) characterization of these sources with a discussion of their exploitation at 27 precontact archaeological sites, this paper provides one of the few overviews of these important resources. The geological context of each source is discussed, and the XRF r…
Ritual and Connectivity in Nuragic Sardinia
In Nuragic Sardinia, growing evidence indicates that during the Final Bronze Age, and continuing into the Early Iron Age, a reconfiguration of the Nuragic ideological framework took place, with formal sanctuaries assuming a central role in ritual practice. In a limited number of cases, however, ritualised or cultic activities continued within pre-existing Nuragic complexes. Nuraghe Barru, in south-central Sardinia, provides an example of this phe…
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (17 works) · Archaeology (12 works) · Geography (12 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (9 works) · Bronze Age (8 works) · Geology (8 works) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (6 works) · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (5 works) · Paleontology (5 works) · Provenance (5 works)