Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Biographic Data
| ID | 362649 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Srinivasa Vittal |
| FAMILY NAME | Katikireddi |
| SIGNATURE | KATIKIREDDI S V |
| AFFILIATIONS | MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6593-9092 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 120 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 158 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 120 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Dividends and Disconnects: Involving Public and Stakeholder Groups in the Development of a Modelling Study Exploring Income Policy and Health
Addressing social determinants of health and equity in early childhood: A qualitative document analysis of national policies in Ecuador
BACKGROUND: Early childhood health is a major policy priority in Ecuador, yet systematic analyses of relevant policies are limited. This study analyses how Ecuadorian national-level policies (2000-2024) have addressed social determinants of health (SDH) in early childhood and promoted health equity. We map the development and scope of the past and present national policy documents across sectors to identify gaps, strengths and priorities within t…
Incidence of physical non-communicable disease in people who have experienced imprisonment compared with the general population in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Several NCDs, including multiple cancers, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and liver disease, are substantially more common in people who have experienced imprisonment compared with the general population, highlighting a need for primary prevention and NCD management
Jech: Methodological recommendations
We are keen that publications within the JECH follow the highest methodological standards and in this editorial we introduce some new recommendations for prospective authors. These include cover common pitfalls in population health research and reasons for rejection of papers, so addressing these points may help increase your chances of success. Note that this guidance does not replace relevant reporting requirements (examples provided below). St…
Reflecting on the year passed and the year ahead
Jech ’s March issue brings some hard-hitting messages for population health
Descriptive estimands, causal estimands, and avoiding the jungle of adjusted associations ‘in between’
[No abstract]
Implementation and effects of social protection programs for children, older adults, and people with disabilities in Brazil and Ecuador: A scoping review
We conducted a scoping review to investigate planned (intentional) and unplanned (not intentional) effects of social protection on socioeconomic determinants of health (SDH) and health inequalities among children, adolescents, elders and people with disabilities, and their caregivers. We reviewed seven programs in (i) Brazil ( Programa Bolsa Familia (BFP) and Beneficio de Prestacao Continuada (BPC)), and (ii) Ecuador ( Bono de Desarrolo Humano (B…
BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccination uptake, safety, effectiveness, and waning in children and young people aged 5–11 years in Scotland
Background: Few large-scale population studies have examined both safety and vaccine effectiveness (VE) specifically for 5-11-year-olds during the Omicron-dominant period in a setting with low vaccine uptake. The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine, administered in two doses, has shown strong efficacy against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 in clinical trials involving children and young people (CYP). Accordingly, we examined the uptake, real-worl…
The Minha Casa Minha Vida social housing programme and leprosy in Brazil: An analysis of the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (2010–2015)
This study found a higher risk of leprosy associated with MCMVP that may reflect reverse causality. Our findings suggest the programme is, in fact, reaching the most vulnerable individuals, as intended in its objectives. Besides, the higher risk of leprosy among MCMVP beneficiaries even before receiving the benefit observed in sensitivity analysis may reflect residual confounding factors related
Incorporating an equity perspective in systematic reviews of interventions: Potential methodological approaches
Health inequities are unnecessary, avoidable and unjust differences in health across social groups. Addressing them is a priority for governments and health systems worldwide, requiring not only specific interventions targeting inequity but also embedding equity across all decision-making. Systematic reviews of interventions underpin health decision-making and could, therefore, be a key mechanism to address inequities, but most reviews are limite…
Coming to terms with climate change: A glossary for climate change impacts on mental health and well-being
Climate change is a major threat to global health. Its effects on physical health are increasingly recognised, but mental health impacts have received less attention. The mental health effects of climate change can be direct (resulting from personal exposure to acute and chronic climatic changes), indirect (via the impact on various socioeconomic, political and environmental determinants of mental health) and overarching (via knowledge, education…
Revamping Jech ’s article types
Developing a synthetic Brazilian population derived from the 2010 Census
The 2010 Brazilian Census contains a wealth of information that could enable research and inform policies in health, education, the economy, and other sectors. The census provides publicly available information in two forms. Firstly, contingency tables are available at the municipal level, for strata defined by race, gender, and education. Secondly, microdata with personal information. To preserve individual anonymity in the data, the census coll…
Associations Between Experiences of Racial Discrimination Across the Life Course and Mental Health: Exploring Direct and Indirect Pathways
We aim to explore the association between racial discrimination across the life course on common mental disorders (CMD) during the COVID-19 pandemic, testing direct and indirect pathways. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (Feb-Nov 2021, N = 8897 ethnic minority people aged 18-60). The survey measured experiences of racial discrimination across multiple domains and time periods. Path analyses were us…
Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: A forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BACKGROUND: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternativ…
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BACKGROUND: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 ri…
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic: A compr…
BACKGROUND: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 cou…
Association between individual level characteristics and take-up of a Minimum Income Guarantee for Pensioners: Panel Data Analysis using data from the British Household Panel survey 1999–2002
A Minimum Income Guarantee (MIG) ensures people have a minimum amount of income for essentials such as healthy food, housing, health care, social and digital networks to support health and well-being. MIGs could be a useful tool to reduce inequalities. A MIG will only be effective if those who are eligible take it up. The aim of this paper is to explore how individual characteristics were associated with take-up of a MIG for pensioners (aged 60+ …
Pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence: Evidence on uptake, inequalities and comparative effectiveness from a UK population‐based cohort
Selecting the most informative positive and negative controls for self-controlled case series (SCCS): Rationale, approach, and lessons from studies investigating the safety of Covid-19 vaccines
The self-controlled case series (SCCS) is a study design used in epidemiology to test for variation in outcomes for a group of individuals before and after an exposure or intervention, with each pre-intervention individual serving as a control for themselves in the post-intervention period. The design is particularly useful for studying rare events or outcomes [...]
Estimating the causal effects of income on health: How researchers’ definitions of “income” matter
Quantified estimates of causal effects of income on health and wellbeing have crucial relevance for policymakers to anticipate the consequences of policies targeting the social determinants of health. However, much prior evidence has been limited by lack of clarity in distinguishing between different causal questions. The present framework can help researchers explicitly and precisely articulate income-related exposures and causal questions
Implications of child poverty reduction targets for public health and health inequalities in England: A modelling study between 2024 and 2033
Background We investigated the potential impacts of child poverty (CP) reduction scenarios on population health and health inequalities in England between 2024 and 2033. Methods We combined aggregate local authority-level data with published and newly created estimates on the association between CP and the rate per 100 000 of infant mortality, children (aged <16) looked after, child (aged <16) hospitalisations for nutritional anaemia and child (a…
Long Covid and financial outcomes: Evidence from four longitudinal population surveys
BACKGROUND: Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID) include muscle weakness, fatigue, breathing difficulties and sleep disturbance over weeks or months. Using UK longitudinal data, we assessed the relationship between long COVID and financial disruption. METHODS: We estimated associations between long COVID (derived using self-reported length of COVID-19 symptoms) and measures of financial disruption (subjective financial well-being, new bene…
Evaluating the influence of taxation and social security policies on psychological distress: A microsimulation study of the UK during the Covid-19 economic crisis
Mental health and health behaviours before and during the initial phase of the Covid-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Background There are concerns that COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the ‘lockdown’, may have unintended health consequences. We examined trends in mental health and health behaviours in the UK before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown and differences across population subgroups. Methods Repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, including representative samples of over 27,0…
Unequal impact of the Covid-19 crisis on minority ethnic groups: A framework for understanding and addressing inequalities
Minority ethnic groups have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the exact reasons for this remain unclear, they are likely due to a complex interplay of factors rather than a single cause. Reducing these inequalities requires a greater understanding of the causes. Research to date, however, has been hampered by a lack of theoretical understanding of the meaning of ‘ethnicity’ (or race) and the potential pathways leadi…
Psychological distress by age at migration and duration of residence in Sweden
Migrants suffer from worse psychological health than natives in many countries, yet the extent to which this varies by age at migration and duration of residence in the receiving context remains unexplored in Sweden. Drawing on a life course approach, we investigate differences in psychological distress by age at migration and duration of residence in working-age migrants to Sweden, and examine the role of various social determinants of health in…
Proportionate universalism in practice? A quasi-experimental study (GoWell) of a UK neighbourhood renewal programme's impact on health inequalities
Recommendations to reduce health inequalities frequently emphasise improvements to socio-environmental determinants of health. Proponents of 'proportionate universalism' argue that such improvements should be allocated proportionally to population need. We tested whether city-wide investment in urban renewal in Glasgow (UK) was allocated to 'need' and whether this reduced health inequalities. We identified a longitudinal cohort (n = 1006) through…
A glossary of theories for understanding policymaking
Public health practitioners and researchers often seek to influence public policies in order to improve population health and/or reduce health inequalities. However, these efforts frequently appear to be uninformed by the many empirically-based theories about policymaking that have been developed within political science. This glossary provides a brief overview of some of the most popular of these theories, describing how each: frames the policym…
Health Effects of Neighborhood Demolition and Housing Improvement: A Prospective Controlled Study of 2 Natural Experiments in Urban Renewal
Objectives. We took advantage of a 2-intervention natural experiment to investigate the impacts of neighborhood demolition and housing improvement on adult residents’ mental and physical health. Methods. We identified a longitudinal cohort (n = 1041, including intervention and control participants) by matching participants in 2 randomly sampled cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2006 and 2008 in 14 disadvantaged neighborhoods of Glasgow, United…
Health inequalities: The need to move beyond bad behaviours
Health inequalities have been observed internationally across a number of dimensions (including, eg, socioeconomic position, ethnicity and gender) and have persisted over time.1 The lack of progress in addressing them has disappointed many within public health, particularly given an apparent prioritisation of health inequalities in UK policy.2 Building on recent research highlighting the limitations of addressing health inequalities by trying to …
Implications for alcohol minimum unit pricing advocacy: What can we learn for public health from UK newsprint coverage of key claim-makers in the policy debate
Mental health and the jilted generation: Using age-period-cohort analysis to assess differential trends in young people's mental health following the Great Recession and austerity in England
Coupled Ethical–Epistemic Analysis of Public Health Research and Practice: Categorizing Variables to Improve Population Health and Equity
The categorization of variables can stigmatize populations, which is ethically problematic and threatens the central purpose of public health: to improve population health and reduce health inequities. How social variables (e.g., behavioral risks for HIV) are categorized can reinforce stigma and cause unintended harms to the populations practitioners and researchers strive to serve. Although debates about the validity or ethical consequences of e…
The intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status: Inequalities in breast and cervical cancer mortality in 20,665,005 adult women from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort
Low SES magnified racial inequalities in cervical cancer mortality. The intersection between race/ethnicity, SES and gender needs to be addressed to reduce racial health inequalities
Causal inference and effect estimation using observational data
Observational studies aiming to estimate causal effects often rely on conceptual frameworks that are unfamiliar to many researchers and practitioners. We provide a clear, structured overview of key concepts and terms, intended as a starting point for readers unfamiliar with the causal inference literature. First, we introduce theoretical frameworks underlying causal effect estimation methods: the counterfactual theory of causation, the potential …
Systems science methods in public health: What can they contribute to our understanding of and response to the cost-of-living crisis
BACKGROUND: Many complex public health evidence gaps cannot be fully resolved using only conventional public health methods. We aim to familiarise public health researchers with selected systems science methods that may contribute to a better understanding of complex phenomena and lead to more impactful interventions. As a case study, we choose the current cost-of-living crisis, which affects disposable income as a key structural determinant of h…
Occupational differences in Sars-CoV-2 infection: Analysis of the UK ONS Covid-19 infection survey
BACKGROUND: Concern remains about how occupational SARS-CoV-2 risk has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to ascertain occupations with the greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore how relative differences varied over the pandemic. METHODS: Analysis of cohort data from the UK Office of National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey from April 2020 to November 2021. This survey is designed to be representative of the UK populat…
The role of the Sheffield model on the minimum unit pricing of alcohol debate: The importance of a rhetorical perspective
The minimum unit pricing (MUP) alcohol policy debate has been informed by the Sheffield model, a study which predicts impacts of different alcohol pricing policies. This paper explores the Sheffield model's influences on the policy debate by drawing on 36 semi-structured interviews with policy actors who were involved in the policy debate. Although commissioned by policy makers, the model's influence has been far broader than suggested by views o…
Evaluating the influence of taxation and social security policies on psychological distress: A microsimulation study of the UK during the Covid-19 economic crisis
Impact of the Finnish Maternity Grant on infant mortality rates in the 20th century: A natural experimental study
BACKGROUND: Baby boxes provide goods to new parents and a space for infant sleeping. They were first introduced in Finland, and it has been argued that the policy helped reduce infant mortality. We evaluated the impact of the Finnish Maternity Grant (which includes the Finnish Baby Box) on infant mortality rates (IMRs) at the points of introduction (disadvantaged mothers only) in 1938 and universalisation in 1949. METHODS: Maternity Grant introdu…
Pathways to ethnic inequalities in Covid-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: A systematic map
Effects of depression on employment and social outcomes: A Mendelian randomisation study
BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. However, whether and how depression exerts a causal effect on employment remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate whether depression affects employment and related outcomes in the UK Biobank dataset. METHODS: We selected 227 242 working-age participants (40-64 in men, 40-59 years for women) of white British ethnicity/ancestry with suitable genetic da…
Comparing population-level mental health of UK workers before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study using Understanding Society
OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected workers' mental health. We investigated changes in UK workers' mental health by industry, socioeconomic class and occupation and differential effects by UK country of residence, gender and age. METHODS: We used representative Understanding Society data from 6474 adults (41 207 observations) in paid employment who participated in pre-pandemic (2017-2020) and at least one COVID-19 survey.…
Mental and social wellbeing and the UK coronavirus job retention scheme: Evidence from nine longitudinal studies
During the early stages of the pandemic, those furloughed had increased risk of poor mental and social wellbeing, but furloughed workers fared better than those who became unemployed, suggesting that furlough may have partly mitigated poorer outcomes
Knowing the goal: An inclusive economy that can address the public health challenges of our time
OBJECTIVE: Inequality is deeply embedded in our economic structures-it is necessary to address these economic inequalities if we are to reduce health inequalities. An inclusive economic approach was conceptualised as a way to reduce these economic inequalities, although the attributes of this approach are unclear. Public health practitioners are increasingly asked to provide a health perspective on the economic recovery plans in the light of the …
Nothing can be done until everything is done’: The use of complexity arguments by food, beverage, alcohol and gambling industries
BACKGROUND: Corporations use a range of strategies to dispute their role in causing public health harms and to limit the scope of effective public health interventions. This is well documented in relation to the activities of the tobacco industry, but research on other industries is less well developed. We therefore analysed public statements and documents from four unhealthy commodity industries to investigate whether and how they used arguments…
Jech: Methodological recommendations
We are keen that publications within the JECH follow the highest methodological standards and in this editorial we introduce some new recommendations for prospective authors. These include cover common pitfalls in population health research and reasons for rejection of papers, so addressing these points may help increase your chances of success. Note that this guidance does not replace relevant reporting requirements (examples provided below). St…
Coming to terms with climate change: A glossary for climate change impacts on mental health and well-being
Climate change is a major threat to global health. Its effects on physical health are increasingly recognised, but mental health impacts have received less attention. The mental health effects of climate change can be direct (resulting from personal exposure to acute and chronic climatic changes), indirect (via the impact on various socioeconomic, political and environmental determinants of mental health) and overarching (via knowledge, education…
P1-30 Confounded clusters: An assessment of the adequacy of measures to minimise confounding in cluster RCTS
Introduction Cluster randomised controlled trials (CRCTs), where the unit of allocation is a group, are particularly useful in Public Health, when interventions are targeted at populations. Randomisation is the ‘gold standard’ for dealing with both known and unknown confounders as these are balanced between comparison groups with sufficient numbers randomised. However, CRCTs may have few units randomised, increasing the likelihood of confounding.…
P1-186 Challenges in natural experiment research: Potential lessons from the H1N1 pandemic
Introduction Research on natural experiments (NEs) allows investigation into topics that are important for policy-makers, including many social determinants of health. NEs can be conceptualised as differing from other research in three important ways. First, unlike trials, investigators cannot allocate the exposure of interest which is instead externally decided. Second, researchers are unable to influence the exposure's characteristics which res…
P2-131 Falling prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in south Asian populations
Introduction Recently, diabetes prevalence has soared in South Asians making it a global public health priority. However, there are suggestions from the PODOSA trial and elsewhere that pre-diabetes, including impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), may not be increasing. We conducted a systematic review to assess secular trends in pre-diabetes in South Asian populations worldwide. Methods We searched electronic databases from inception to June 2009 for…
P2-428 H1N1 incidence and rate of complications in pregnant women during the 2009/10 winter pandemic
Introduction Case series suggest pregnant women are at increased risk of contracting H1N1 and experiencing complications. Published studies to date have investigated symptomatic patients or ascertained serology cross-sectionally. Such studies do not allow accurate quantification of incidence and neglect mild disease when estimating complication rates. We investigated H1N1 incidence and rate of complications in unvaccinated women in Scotland durin…
P2-429 Prevalence of influenza A (H1N1) seropositivity in unvaccinated healthcare workers in Scotland at the height of the global pandemic
Introduction Susceptibility of healthcare workers (HCW) to influenza is relevant in terms of sickness absence, productivity and onward transmission of infection from carer to patient, a particular issue with a novel influenza strain. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against the virus in unvaccinated healthcare workers in Lothian, south east Scotland during October- November 2009 (after the first wave of infe…
P1-165 Differences in maternity service use between polish migrants and the host Scottish population
Introduction Some migrant groups in Europe experience excess maternal morbidity and different processes may influence outcomes for specific groups. Polish women form the largest migrant group in Scotland with little data comparing their maternity experience with Scottish-born women. Qualitative findings suggest if women negotiated deliveries based on Polish not Scottish norms, they would have higher caesarean section and lower forceps deliveries …
OP80 Minimum Unit Pricing for Alcohol: A Document Analysis of Evidence Submissions to the Scottish Parliament
Background Minimum unit pricing (MUP) of alcohol is a novel policy intervention aimed at increasing the price of the cheapest forms of alcohol to reduce alcohol consumption and associated harms. In Scotland, alcohol-related harms have increased exponentially during the past few decades and Scotland currently experiences the greatest level of alcohol-related mortality within the UK. Scotland would be the first country in the world to introduce the…
Unequal health: The scandal of our times
Health inequalities: The need to move beyond bad behaviours
Health inequalities have been observed internationally across a number of dimensions (including, eg, socioeconomic position, ethnicity and gender) and have persisted over time.1 The lack of progress in addressing them has disappointed many within public health, particularly given an apparent prioritisation of health inequalities in UK policy.2 Building on recent research highlighting the limitations of addressing health inequalities by trying to …
A glossary of theories for understanding policymaking
Public health practitioners and researchers often seek to influence public policies in order to improve population health and/or reduce health inequalities. However, these efforts frequently appear to be uninformed by the many empirically-based theories about policymaking that have been developed within political science. This glossary provides a brief overview of some of the most popular of these theories, describing how each: frames the policym…
Health Effects of Neighborhood Demolition and Housing Improvement: A Prospective Controlled Study of 2 Natural Experiments in Urban Renewal
Objectives. We took advantage of a 2-intervention natural experiment to investigate the impacts of neighborhood demolition and housing improvement on adult residents’ mental and physical health. Methods. We identified a longitudinal cohort (n = 1041, including intervention and control participants) by matching participants in 2 randomly sampled cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2006 and 2008 in 14 disadvantaged neighborhoods of Glasgow, United…
Implications for alcohol minimum unit pricing advocacy: What can we learn for public health from UK newsprint coverage of key claim-makers in the policy debate
How do systematic reviews incorporate risk of bias assessments into the synthesis of evidence? A methodological study
The conclusions of the SRs, published in major journals, are frequently uninformed by the critical appraisal process, even when conducted. This may be particularly problematic for SRs of public health topics that often draw on diverse study designs
The role of the Sheffield model on the minimum unit pricing of alcohol debate: The importance of a rhetorical perspective
The minimum unit pricing (MUP) alcohol policy debate has been informed by the Sheffield model, a study which predicts impacts of different alcohol pricing policies. This paper explores the Sheffield model's influences on the policy debate by drawing on 36 semi-structured interviews with policy actors who were involved in the policy debate. Although commissioned by policy makers, the model's influence has been far broader than suggested by views o…
Coupled Ethical–Epistemic Analysis of Public Health Research and Practice: Categorizing Variables to Improve Population Health and Equity
The categorization of variables can stigmatize populations, which is ethically problematic and threatens the central purpose of public health: to improve population health and reduce health inequities. How social variables (e.g., behavioral risks for HIV) are categorized can reinforce stigma and cause unintended harms to the populations practitioners and researchers strive to serve. Although debates about the validity or ethical consequences of e…
Life expectancy of different ethnic groups using death records linked to population census data for 4.62 million people in Scotland
BACKGROUND: Few countries record the data needed to estimate life expectancy by ethnic group. Such information is helpful in assessing the extent of health inequality. METHOD: Life tables were created using 3 years of deaths (May 2001-April 2004) linked to Scottish 2001 Census data for 4.62 million individuals with self-reported ethnicity. We created 8 ethnic groups based on the census definitions, each with at least 5000 individuals and 40 death…
Proportionate universalism in practice? A quasi-experimental study (GoWell) of a UK neighbourhood renewal programme's impact on health inequalities
Recommendations to reduce health inequalities frequently emphasise improvements to socio-environmental determinants of health. Proponents of 'proportionate universalism' argue that such improvements should be allocated proportionally to population need. We tested whether city-wide investment in urban renewal in Glasgow (UK) was allocated to 'need' and whether this reduced health inequalities. We identified a longitudinal cohort (n = 1006) through…
Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
BACKGROUND: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188…
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease…
BACKGROUND: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHO…
Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: A novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Stud…
BACKGROUND: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor …
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
BACKGROUND: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016. This assessment includes evaluation of the expected epidemiological transition with changes in development and where local patterns …
Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm: Analysis of linked cohort data
BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity are high in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations compared with individuals from advantaged areas. It is unclear if this increased harm reflects differences in alcohol consumption between these socioeconomic groups, reverse causation (ie, downward social selection for high-risk drinkers), or a greater risk of harm in individuals of low socioeconomic status compared with those of higher sta…
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global …
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework dev…
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and …
Natural Experiments: An Overview of Methods, Approaches, and Contributions to Public Health Intervention Research
Population health interventions are essential to reduce health inequalities and tackle other public health priorities, but they are not always amenable to experimental manipulation. Natural experiment (NE) approaches are attracting growing interest as a way of providing evidence in such circumstances. One key challenge in evaluating NEs is selective exposure to the intervention. Studies should be based on a clear theoretical understanding of the …
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