Robert D Brown
Biographic Data
| ID | 3629232 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert D Brown |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert D |
| FAMILY NAME | Brown |
| SIGNATURE | BROWN R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Texas A&M University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6955-910X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 59 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 393 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 59 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1962 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Puwg-based workflow for rapid, evidence-based urban thermal assessment: A case study of central Guangzhou, China
The Chalcedony and Nephrite Corridor: Enhancing blue and green infrastructure to cool the city
Summer shading strategies for urban sidewalks: Shade-layout control metrics oriented to pedestrian whole-trip thermal comfort
Unraveling the 3D structure of urban green spaces: Key drivers of cooling effects across urban heat scenarios
Vertical regulation of thermal stress by canopy structure in urban forests: The role of species composition
Measuring the impact of the urban microclimate on housing price using the spatial hedonic pricing method: The case study of Mueller, Austin, TX
The interaction between urban heat island and urban parks: An in-situ measurement-based review
Implementation of urban climate-responsive design strategies: An international overview
Urban climatic challenges can motivate urban planners and designers to implement urban climate-responsive design strategies.But does this process occur sufficiently, and if not, why?This study explores the implementation of urban climate-responsive design strategies, potential functional and aesthetic conflicts, availability of policy instruments that support implementation, strengths and weaknesses, and missed opportunities for integrating agend…
Evaluation of pedestrian thermal comfort from a whole-trip perspective: An outdoor empirical study
“I didn't know what to expect or What to do”: Impacts of a severe winter storm on residents of subsidized housing in Texas
Urban green and blue infrastructure effect on the micro-scale thermal environment in a residential neighborhood: Mueller, Austin, TX
This study examined the role and importance of various green and blue infrastructure elements in improving the deteriorating urban thermal environment from a post-occupancy evaluation perspective of residential neighborhood development. The results showed that the influential variables in this study were the tree canopy coverage ratio (TCR), tree species, yard area, and distance to a waterbody. In addition, a house with a large yard area increase…
Exploring the Predictive Potential of Physiological Measures of Human Thermal Strain in Outdoor Environments in Hot and Humid Areas in Summer—A Case Study of Shanghai, China
Whenever people spend time outdoors during hot weather, they are putting themselves in potentially stressful situations. Being able to predict whether a person is overheating can be critical in preventing heat-health issues. There is a clear relationship between body core temperature and heat health. However, measuring body core temperature is expensive. Identifying a non-invasive measure that could indicate a person's thermal strain would be val…
Modeling the relationships between historical redlining, urban heat, and heat-related emergency department visits: An examination of 11 Texas cities
Place-based structural inequalities can have critical implications for the health of vulnerable populations. Historical urban policies, such as redlining, have contributed to current inequalities in exposure to intra-urban heat. However, it is unknown whether these spatial inequalities are associated with disparities in heat-related health outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between historical redlining, intra-urban …
The effect of extremely low sky view factor on land surface temperatures in urban residential areas
Linking landscape spatial heterogeneity to urban heat island and outdoor human thermal comfort in Tokyo: Application of the outdoor thermal comfort index
Effects of Urban Landscape and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Heat-Related Health Using Emergency Medical Service Incidents
It is well known that extremely hot weather causes heat-related health issues. Health problems, especially in urban areas, are becoming increasingly important due to urban heat island effect. Understanding the impact of neighborhood characteristics is important for research into the relationship between thermal environment and human health. The objectives of this study were to explore the urban landscape and sociodemographic characteristics affec…
Microclimatic Landscape Architecture: From Theory to Application
Global climate change and urban heat island intensification are making many cities dangerously hot during heat waves. There is a need for a clear process for applying microclimate information in urban design to create cooler cities. A recent paper points out the gaps in research methodology and suggests the need for implementation-oriented research. It suggests action steps to take research from theory to practice. The framework has five steps, a…
Urban heat island (UHI) intensity and magnitude estimations: A systematic literature review
Race and Representation in Twenty-First Century America
This article examines Black women in the development of African-American politics, initially using race as a framework for analyzing the evolution of African-American politics. The article broadens its focus to use an intersectional analysis in explaining Black women’s prominence in representation and voter participation. It discusses criminal justice reform, arguing how the increased incarceration of Black women and girls should change the narra…
Exploring the suitable assessment method and best performance of human energy budget models for outdoor thermal comfort in hot and humid climate area
A Comprehensive Model for Estimating Heat Vulnerability of Young Athletes
Current methods for estimating heat vulnerability of young athletes use a heat index (HI) or a wet bulb globe thermometer (WBGT), neither of which fully include the environmental or physiological characteristics that can affect a person’s heat budget, particularly where activity occurs on a synthetic surface. This study analyzed and compared the standard methods, HI and WBGT, with a novel and more comprehensive method termed COMFA-Kid (CK) which …
The Expulsion of the Mandubii and Caesar's Subversion of the Speech of Critognatus (De Bello Gallico 7.77–78)
The speech of Critognatus at Alesia (BGall. 7.77), which advocates cannibalism as a means of alleviating the food shortage during Caesar's siege, has elicited a broad critical response, ranging from those who see it as an indictment of Gallic barbarism to those who emphasize its Roman qualities. This article reexamines the speech, paying particular attention to the event that follows it: the expulsion of the Mandubii from Alesia (7.78). The funct…
Modeling the Effects of Urban Design on Emergency Medical Response Calls during Extreme Heat Events in Toronto, Canada
Urban residents are at risk of health-related illness during extreme heat events but the dangers are not equal in all parts of a city. Previous studies have found a relationship between physical characteristics of neighborhoods and the number of emergency medical response (EMR) calls. We used a human energy budget model to test the effects of landscape modifications that are designed to cool the environment on the expected number of EMR calls in …
Evaluation of planning policy for protecting green infrastructure from loss and degradation due to residential encroachment
A Civilized Gaul: Caesar’s Portrait of Piso Aquitanus (De Bello Gallico 4.12.4-6)
A literary analysis of the portrait of Piso Aquitanus ( Gal . 4.12), a Gaul killed together with his brother in a cavalry engagement with the Usipetes and Tencteri in 55 bce . The portrait is first discussed against the literary tradition of heroic brothers in epic and in historiography. The function of the portrait is then examined in relation to the depiction of Gauls and Germans in Book Four. From this perspective, the portrayal of Piso’s cour…
How College Affects Students
(1992). How College Affects Students. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 355-358
Party Cleavages and Welfare Effort in the American States
Attempts to determine the impact of party control on state welfare policy have produced mixed and inconclusive results, in part due to our inability to account for variations in the state partisan environments. I used CBS/New York Times surveys combined over the period 1976-88 to offer a detailed examination of the state party systems, resulting in a description of the dominant social group partisan cleavage in each state. This information is the…
Registration, Turnout, and State Party Systems
This study reexamines the influence of party elite liberalism on voter participation across the American states. Incorporating Hill and Leighley's measure of liberal party control, we offer a framework that places party elites as an important component in the state electoral setting. However, this effort departs from previous work by suggesting that studies of voter mobilization should pay greater attention to participation as a multi-stage proce…
Race, Political Empowerment, and Minority Perceptions of Judicial Fairness
Objective. Recent studies of the impact of black elite electoral success on the system‐supporting attitudes of black citizens have yielded mixed, but generally unimpressive, empirical results. We extend this limited research by examining the effects of the presence of black judicial officials on public attitudes toward a state judicial system. Methods. We employ data from a telephone survey of citizens in Mississippi and develop multivariate mode…
Party Balancing and Voting for Congress in the 1996 National Election
We extend Fiorina's balancing theory by developing and testing inferences from a simple and general spatial model of partisan preference in two institutional dimensions. This model contains a number of theoretical and methodological insights that have not yet been articulated in the growing literature on the origins of divided government. We focus here on the model's most basic implications, emphasizing first that the act of party balancing requi…
People Who Have Their Tickets But Do Not Use Them: Motor Voter,” Registration, and Turnout Revisited
We reexamine the effects of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) legislation on aggregate participation rates in the states. We approach NVRA as working directly on registration, and only indirectly on turnout, and we argue that the most appropriate way to evaluate NVRA is to examine how it translates increased registration into turnout. Using Federal Election Commission/Electoral Assistance Commission and census data, we find that an unant…
Toward a Model of Congressional Elections
Previous research on congressional elections has focused on either national or local events as explanations of vote choice. National forces consist of partisan identification, issue proximity, and retrospective evaluations. Research on local forces has stressed the candidates themselves, particularly with regard to the advantages of incumbency, challenger quality, and the comparative evaluation of candidates. Research in each of these areas has b…
The dynamics of committee outliers: Evidence from the house of representatives, 1951–90
In this study, we enter the on‐going debate on committee outliers by addressing two important points. First, we dispute the conventional wisdom that committee outliers are best identified and evaluated using traditional tests of statistical significance. Contesting the appropriateness of such tests, we contend that any observed difference between chamber behaviour and floor behaviour may be substantively significant and use raw mean differences b…
The Credibility of a Local Educational Program Evaluation Report: Author Source and Client Audience Characteristics
The judged usefulness and objectivity of a simulated evaluation report and client agreement with the report’s recommendations were examined as functions of the evaluator’s simulated professional background e.g., “researcher,” “evaluator,” or “art educator” and the client’s organizational role status (teachers or administrators). The results suggest that source and audience characteristics influence client ratings of the evaluator but do not effec…
Ethical Issues in Graduate Education: Faculty and Student Responsibilities
Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert D. BrownRobert D. Brown is professor of educational psychology and LuAnn Krager is assistant to the dean of students at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.LuAnn KragerRobert D. Brown is professor of educational psychology and LuAnn Krager is assistant to the dean of students at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Assessing Campus Climates for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Students: Methodological and Political Issues
Methodological and political issues arise during the designing, conducting, and reporting of campus-climate studies for LGBT students. These issues interact; making a decision about a methodological issue (e.g., sample size) has an impact on a political issue (e.g., how well the findings will be received). Ten key questions that must be addressed when planning an LGBT campus climate study are identified and different approaches investigators have…
Political Parties in State and Nation: Party Advantage and Party Competition in a Federal Setting
Research on party competition in the United States suffers because existing measures do not allow for an examination of national-level competition in the states. We view this as a significant oversight, and argue that party competition in the United States must be evaluated within a federal context. Toward that end, we develop measures of partisan electoral advantage and competition based on margin of victory in state and national offices for the…
Applicant Perceptions of State Priorities in the Illinois Small Cities CDBG Program: Implications for Local Targeting
The State of Illinois has targeted economic development as a major priority in the Small Cities Community Development Block Grant program, although the state still accepts applications for public facilities and housing rehabilitation. This article examines the impact of this state priority on the application behavior of small cities. We find that grant applicants perceive that the state's economic development emphasis decreases their ability to b…
Evaluation of planning policy for protecting green infrastructure from loss and degradation due to residential encroachment
Partisan-Ideological Divergence and Changing Party Fortunes in the States, 1968—2003: A Federal Perspective
We expand on previous literature on party competition in the American states by examining competition for both state and national offices. We find significant differences in Democratic Party electoral advantage within states, along with across-state variation in changes in these differences over time. We attribute these results to movement in the partisanship and ideology of the states' citizenry. As consistency in these core political attitudes …
Effects of Housing Development on Bird Species Diversity in a Forest Fragment in Ontario, Canada
This study investigated the effects of a housing development on the number and composition of forest bird species in an adjacent remnant woodlot in Southern Ontario, Canada. The predicted effects of the development on the woodlot species were the subject of two regulatory hearings between 1979 and 1983. Theoretical evidence was presented that predicted a significant decrease in the number of interior species. The regulatory board ruled that theor…
Lucretian Ridicule of Anaxagoras
In the first argumentative section of Book 1, Lucretius establishes the existence of matter and void (146–482), and in the second identifies matter as the atoms and defines their properties (483–634). In the third section, following Epicurean tradition, he attempts to refute a representative selection of Presocratic philosophers – Heraclitus (635–704), Empedocles (705–829) and Anaxagoras (830–920) – whose explanations of basic matter are potentia…
School Board Member Role Expectations in Making Decisions about Educational Programs: Do Size of School and Region of Country Make a Difference
The purpose of this research was to investigate the role expectations of school board members when confronted with decisions about curriculum and social programs and to gain insights into how they make these decisions. A national sample of 293 school board members responded to a survey asking what role they might expect to play in program decisions, the role of community members in decision making, the status of superintendent recommendations, an…
Does the Superintendent's Opinion Affect School Boards' Evaluation Information Needs: An Empirical Investigation
School board members' needs for information depend upon the interaction between importance and setting of the decision, degree of conflict, and superintendent's opinion
New Approaches to College Student Development
Evaluation of Experimental Colleges: Some Questions That Need Asking
Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert D. BrownRobert D. Brown is professor of educational psychology at the University of Nebraska
Water Supply for the Panama Canal
Study of problems of water availability for lockage and power requirements; storage dam on Trinidad arm of Gatun Lake is proposed for solution of acute lockage water shortage.
The Relationship of Parental Perceptions of University Life to their Characterizations of their College Sons and Daughters
Evaluation of Experimental Colleges: Some Questions That Need Asking
Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert D. BrownRobert D. Brown is professor of educational psychology at the University of Nebraska
Student Development in Tomorrow's Higher Education--A Return to the Academy
New Approaches to College Student Development
The Credibility of a Local Educational Program Evaluation Report: Author Source and Client Audience Characteristics
The judged usefulness and objectivity of a simulated evaluation report and client agreement with the report’s recommendations were examined as functions of the evaluator’s simulated professional background e.g., “researcher,” “evaluator,” or “art educator” and the client’s organizational role status (teachers or administrators). The results suggest that source and audience characteristics influence client ratings of the evaluator but do not effec…
Lucretian Ridicule of Anaxagoras
In the first argumentative section of Book 1, Lucretius establishes the existence of matter and void (146–482), and in the second identifies matter as the atoms and defines their properties (483–634). In the third section, following Epicurean tradition, he attempts to refute a representative selection of Presocratic philosophers – Heraclitus (635–704), Empedocles (705–829) and Anaxagoras (830–920) – whose explanations of basic matter are potentia…
Does the Superintendent's Opinion Affect School Boards' Evaluation Information Needs: An Empirical Investigation
School board members' needs for information depend upon the interaction between importance and setting of the decision, degree of conflict, and superintendent's opinion
Ethical Issues in Graduate Education: Faculty and Student Responsibilities
Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert D. BrownRobert D. Brown is professor of educational psychology and LuAnn Krager is assistant to the dean of students at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.LuAnn KragerRobert D. Brown is professor of educational psychology and LuAnn Krager is assistant to the dean of students at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Intergovernmental Impacts on Policy Variations Within States: Effects of Local Discretion on General Assistance Programs
Variation in state policy outputs is often a function of the level of inter governmental involvement in policy decisions by the federal government. This study examines comparable impacts of intergovernmental involvement by states on variations of welfare policy outputs within the states. The analysis of the effects of state‐level involvement on General Assistance payments indicates that state delegation of policy discretion in this program leads …
Lucretius on Love and Sex: A Commentary on De Rerum Natura IV, 1030-1287, with Prolegomena, Text and Translation
Factors influencing the decision-making process: An examination of the effect of contextual variables
Applicant Perceptions of State Priorities in the Illinois Small Cities CDBG Program: Implications for Local Targeting
The State of Illinois has targeted economic development as a major priority in the Small Cities Community Development Block Grant program, although the state still accepts applications for public facilities and housing rehabilitation. This article examines the impact of this state priority on the application behavior of small cities. We find that grant applicants perceive that the state's economic development emphasis decreases their ability to b…
A model for estimating radiation received by a person in the landscape
A computer model of physically‐based and empirical micro‐meteorological equations has been assembled to estimate the total radiation (short and long wave) that would be absorbed by a person in a range of landscapes. This information can be applied to a human thermal comfort model such as COMFA suggested by Brown and Gillespie (1986) to determine the thermal comfort levels in micro‐environments. This type of information will aid landscape architec…
A Primer on the Implementation of Wealth Taxes
Robert D. Brown, A Primer on the Implementation of Wealth Taxes, Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, Vol. 17, No. 3, The Role of Wealth Taxes in Canada / L'Impôt sur la richesse (Sep., 1991), pp. 335-350
Toward a Model of Congressional Elections
Previous research on congressional elections has focused on either national or local events as explanations of vote choice. National forces consist of partisan identification, issue proximity, and retrospective evaluations. Research on local forces has stressed the candidates themselves, particularly with regard to the advantages of incumbency, challenger quality, and the comparative evaluation of candidates. Research in each of these areas has b…
How College Affects Students
(1992). How College Affects Students. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 355-358
School Board Member Role Expectations in Making Decisions about Educational Programs: Do Size of School and Region of Country Make a Difference
The purpose of this research was to investigate the role expectations of school board members when confronted with decisions about curriculum and social programs and to gain insights into how they make these decisions. A national sample of 293 school board members responded to a survey asking what role they might expect to play in program decisions, the role of community members in decision making, the status of superintendent recommendations, an…
Materialists, Postmaterialists, and the Criteria for Political Choice in U.S. Presidential Elections
The theory of value change suggests not only that materialists and postmaterialists make different political choices but that, more fundamentally, they use different criteria for making those choices. Specifically, it is argued that materialists rely mainly on economic criteria to make political decisions whereas postmaterialists are motivated primarily by noneconomic concerns. Using data from the 1976-1992 National Election Studies (NES) preside…
Party Cleavages and Welfare Effort in the American States
Attempts to determine the impact of party control on state welfare policy have produced mixed and inconclusive results, in part due to our inability to account for variations in the state partisan environments. I used CBS/New York Times surveys combined over the period 1976-88 to offer a detailed examination of the state party systems, resulting in a description of the dominant social group partisan cleavage in each state. This information is the…
The dynamics of committee outliers: Evidence from the house of representatives, 1951–90
In this study, we enter the on‐going debate on committee outliers by addressing two important points. First, we dispute the conventional wisdom that committee outliers are best identified and evaluated using traditional tests of statistical significance. Contesting the appropriateness of such tests, we contend that any observed difference between chamber behaviour and floor behaviour may be substantively significant and use raw mean differences b…
Registration, Turnout, and State Party Systems
Spectacle and Society in Livy's History
Registration, Turnout, and State Party Systems
This study reexamines the influence of party elite liberalism on voter participation across the American states. Incorporating Hill and Leighley's measure of liberal party control, we offer a framework that places party elites as an important component in the state electoral setting. However, this effort departs from previous work by suggesting that studies of voter mobilization should pay greater attention to participation as a multi-stage proce…
Party Balancing and Voting for Congress in the 1996 National Election
We extend Fiorina's balancing theory by developing and testing inferences from a simple and general spatial model of partisan preference in two institutional dimensions. This model contains a number of theoretical and methodological insights that have not yet been articulated in the growing literature on the origins of divided government. We focus here on the model's most basic implications, emphasizing first that the act of party balancing requi…
Political science (29 works) · Geography (20 works) · Law (18 works) · Economics (17 works) · Environmental Science (16 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Urban Heat Island Mitigation (16 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Law (13 works) · Politics (13 works)