Andy Baker
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3629345 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Andy Baker |
| NOMBRES | Andy |
| APELLIDO | Baker |
| FIRMA | BAKER A |
| AFILIACIONES | Newcastle University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1552-6166 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 674 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1964 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter from Agricultural and Livestock Effluents
There is growing concern about the impact of agricultural practices on water quality. The loss of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous through agricultural runoff poses a potential risk of water quality degradation. However, it is unclear how dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition is associated with pollution levels in water bodies. To address this, we conducted a cross-year investigation to reveal the nature of DOM and its relationship…
The Microfoundations of Latin America's Social Policy Coalitions
In Latin America, formal workers (labor insiders) and informal workers (outsiders) tend to be enrolled in distinct welfare programs, so scholars generally assume that a fundamental political cleavage pits insiders against outsiders. According to a meta-analysis reported in this article, however, survey-based studies have hitherto shown the two groups to have relatively similar social policy preferences. The article seeks to reconcile these two st…
Stalagmite evidence for Early Holocene multidecadal hydroclimate variability in Ethiopia
A multiproxy oxygen and carbon isotope (δ 13 C and δ 18 O), growth rate, and trace element stalagmite paleoenvironmental record is presented for the Early Holocene from Ethiopia. The annually laminated stalagmite grew from 10.6 to 10.4 ka and from 9.7 to 9.0 ka with a short hiatus at ~9.25 ka. Statistically significant and coherent spectral frequencies in δ 13 C and δ 18 O are observed at 15–25 and 19–23 years, respectively. The observed ~1‰ ampl…
Radiocarbon Protocols and First Intercomparison Results From the Chronos 14 Carbon-Cycle Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
The Chronos 14 Carbon-Cycle Facility is a new radiocarbon laboratory at the University of New South Wales, Australia. Built around an Ionplus 200 kV MIni-CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) installed in October 2019, the facility was established to address major challenges in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological sciences. Here we report an overview of the Chronos facility, the pretreatment methods currently e…
Persuasive Peers
Persuasive Peers
In Latin America's new democracies, political parties and mass partisanship are not deeply entrenched, leaving many votes up for grabs during election campaigns. In a typical presidential election season, between one-quarter and one-half of all voters change their voting intentions across party lines in the months before election day. Advancing a new theory of Latin American voting behavior, this book argues that political discussions within info…
Persuasive Peers
How voting behavior in Latin America is influenced by social networks and everyday communication among peers In Latin America’s new democracies, political parties and mass partisanship are not deeply entrenched, leaving many votes up for grabs during election campaigns. In a typical presidential election season, between one-quarter and one-half of all voters—figures unheard of in older democracies—change their voting intentions across party lines…
Implications of multi-modal age distributions in Pleistocene cave deposits
Nonpartisans as False Negatives
We argue that most survey measures of partisanship are misclassifying many respondents as nonpartisans. Common wordings, especially those in major cross-national surveys, violate well-established best practices in questionnaire design by reading aloud a nonpartisanship option. This is akin, we show, to the taboo of inviting no-opinion responses. Consequently, most wordings produce high rates of false negatives, meaning respondents with partisan l…
Does democratization lower consumer prices? Regime type, prices, and the consumer–producer tradeoff
The booming literature on the consequences of democratization for material welfare has produced no findings on the relationship between regime type and relative consumer prices. The literature largely shows that democracies favor masses over elites, generating the expectation that democratization should lower consumer prices. Yet it also finds that democratization boosts economic growth, an outcome that is partially contingent on making consumer …
Cave use and palaeoecology at Maludong (Red Deer Cave), Yunnan, China
The Dynamics of Partisan Identification When Party Brands Change
What happens to partisanship when a party undergoes rapid and visible elite-led changes that dilute its traditional brand? We address scholarly debates on the stability of mass partisanship by analyzing the consequences of the major brand change (marked by policy moderation and scandal) experienced by the leftist Brazilian Workers Party (PT) between 2002 and 2006. Analyzing a survey panel with interviews spanning this period, we find that many Br…
Ethnopolitical demography and democracy in sub-Saharan Africa
Ethnic fragmentation is largely presumed to be bad for democracy. However, many African countries belie this claim, as democracy has recently sprouted in several of its multiethnic states. We argue that African countries that have demographic patterns where the largest ethnopolitical group is at least a near-majority and is simultaneously divided into nested subgroups produce Africa's most democratic multiethnic societies. This large-divided-grou…
The Dynamics of Socially Supplied Information
It is often assumed that core political discussion networks are stable, governed by self-selection. But do individuals name the same political discussants over time? What factors predict retaining previously named people? And does the dropping of discussants make networks more homogeneous? Using original panel studies from across the Americas (Brazil, Mexico, and the United States), we present some of the first answers to these fundamental questi…
Race, Paternalism, and Foreign Aid
Virtually all previous studies of domestic economic redistribution find white Americans to be less enthusiastic about welfare for black recipients than for white recipients. When it comes to foreign aid and international redistribution across racial lines, I argue that prejudice manifests not in an uncharitable, resentful way but in a paternalistic way because intergroup contact is minimal and because of how the media portray black foreigners. Us…
Clientelism as Persuasion-Buying
In distributing clientelistic payoffs to citizens, the best strategy a party machine can pursue, we argue, is to target citizens who are opinion-leading epicenters in informal conversation networks. This persuasion-buying strategy carries the highest potential yield for the party because the payoff can create a social multiplier: The effect of the clientelistic gift can be magnified via the conversion of multiple voters within a payoff recipient’…
Anti-Americanism in Latin America
Do Latin American citizens admire the United States for its material wealth and the opportunities this creates for them, or do they revile the United States because of the military and economic threat it has historically posed? Both narratives have a strong presence in Latin American societies, and much scholarship on mass anti-Americanism in the region portrays the dominant narrative as one of the United States as threat. In this article, we con…
Forward modelling of the speleothem oxygen isotope paleoclimate proxy
A 500 yr speleothem-derived reconstruction of late autumn–winter precipitation, northeast Turkey
A verified instrumental calibration of annually resolved δ 18 O for a stalagmite from Gümüşhane in northeast Turkey is presented and cross-validated using a ‘leave-one-out’ technique. The amount of late autumn to winter precipitation is negatively correlated with stalagmite δ 18 O between AD 1938 and 2004. The observed relationship is extrapolated back to ~ AD 1500 leading to the first long winter precipitation reconstruction for this region. Mod…
Assessing the Effect of Sterilization on the Radiocarbon Signature of Freshwater Dissolved Organic Carbon
Radiocarbon analysis of freshwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) involves substantial sample pretreatment, including an initial rotary evaporation stage necessary to concentrate large volumes of freshwater sample. This may lead to a health risk from the exposure to pathogens, and there is the additional concern that the warm conditions during the rotary evaporation stage may provide ideal growing conditions for some pathogens. To remove any path…
The Latin American Left's Mandate
The rise of the left across Latin America is one of the most striking electoral events to occur in new democracies during the last decade. Current work argues either that the left's electoral success stems from a thoroughgoing rejection of free-market policies by voters or that electorates have sought to punish poorly performing right-wing incumbents. Whether the new left has a policy or performance mandate has implications for the type of polici…
Decadal-scale rainfall variability in Ethiopia recorded in an annually laminated, Holocene-age, stalagmite
An annually laminated, uranium-series dated, Holocene stalagmite from southeast Ethiopia has been analysed for growth rate and δ 13 C and δ 18 O variations at annual to biennial resolution, in order to provide the first long duration proxy record of decadal-scale rainfall variability in this climatically sensitive region. Our study site (10°N) is climatically influenced by both summer (June—August) and spring (March—May) rainfall caused by the an…
Looking Like a Winner
A flurry of recent studies indicates that candidates who simply look more capable or attractive are more likely to win elections. In this article, the authors investigate whether voters' snap judgments of appearance travel across cultures and whether they influence elections in new democracies. They show unlabeled, black-and-white pictures of Mexican and Brazilian candidates' faces to subjects living in America and India, asking them which candid…
The Market and the Masses in Latin America
What do ordinary citizens in developing countries think about free markets? Conventional wisdom views globalization as an imposition on unwilling workers in developing nations, concluding that the recent rise of the Latin American left constitutes a popular backlash against the market. In this book, Baker marshals public opinion data from eighteen Latin American countries to show that most of the region's citizens are enthusiastic about globaliza…
Persistent Positive North Atlantic Oscillation Mode Dominated the Medieval Climate Anomaly
The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was the most recent pre-industrial era warm interval of European climate, yet its driving mechanisms remain uncertain. We present here a 947-year-long multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction and find a persistent positive NAO during the MCA. Supplementary reconstructions based on climate model results and proxy data indicate a clear shift to weaker NAO conditions into the Little Ice Age (LIA…
Who Wants to Globalize? Consumer Tastes and Labor Markets in a Theory of Trade Policy Beliefs
Although the allure of consumption is the engine of globalization, political economists have tended to ignore varying consumer tastes as a potential source of beliefs about trade policy. This article develops a theory of trade policy preferences that adds the notion of varying consumer tastes to the standard labor-market application of the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model. The theory, which can explain trade preferences both across individuals and cou…
Looking Like a Winner
A flurry of recent studies indicates that candidates who simply look more capable or attractive are more likely to win elections. In this article, the authors investigate whether voters' snap judgments of appearance travel across cultures and whether they influence elections in new democracies. They show unlabeled, black-and-white pictures of Mexican and Brazilian candidates' faces to subjects living in America and India, asking them which candid…
Social Context and Campaign Volatility in New Democracies
In new democracies party systems are often young, so partisan cues and roots in the electorate tend to be weak. The results, in many instances, include volatile campaigns with comparatively high degrees of short‐term preference change among voters. We explore the mechanisms of voter volatility and, more broadly, the ways in which citizens learn about issues and candidates in weak‐party systems. We claim that citizens in such settings rely heavily…
Why is Trade Reform So Popular in Latin America
Despite wavy national economies and a perception among observers that economic globalization is growing increasingly unpopular, aggregate support for free trade remains quite high across Latin America. This finding is robust to the wording of survey questions and has been quite resilient through time, even in the face of economic stagnation. Current theories of trade preferences, including the widely applied Heckscher-Ohlin model, do not explain …
The Latin American Left's Mandate
The rise of the left across Latin America is one of the most striking electoral events to occur in new democracies during the last decade. Current work argues either that the left's electoral success stems from a thoroughgoing rejection of free-market policies by voters or that electorates have sought to punish poorly performing right-wing incumbents. Whether the new left has a policy or performance mandate has implications for the type of polici…
Race, Paternalism, and Foreign Aid
Virtually all previous studies of domestic economic redistribution find white Americans to be less enthusiastic about welfare for black recipients than for white recipients. When it comes to foreign aid and international redistribution across racial lines, I argue that prejudice manifests not in an uncharitable, resentful way but in a paternalistic way because intergroup contact is minimal and because of how the media portray black foreigners. Us…
Clientelism as Persuasion-Buying
In distributing clientelistic payoffs to citizens, the best strategy a party machine can pursue, we argue, is to target citizens who are opinion-leading epicenters in informal conversation networks. This persuasion-buying strategy carries the highest potential yield for the party because the payoff can create a social multiplier: The effect of the clientelistic gift can be magnified via the conversion of multiple voters within a payoff recipient’…
The Dynamics of Partisan Identification When Party Brands Change
What happens to partisanship when a party undergoes rapid and visible elite-led changes that dilute its traditional brand? We address scholarly debates on the stability of mass partisanship by analyzing the consequences of the major brand change (marked by policy moderation and scandal) experienced by the leftist Brazilian Workers Party (PT) between 2002 and 2006. Analyzing a survey panel with interviews spanning this period, we find that many Br…
Representing Black Interests and Promoting Black Culture
Despite considerable examination, scholars have yet to definitively establish the relationship between a legislator's racial background and his or her legislative activities. We assess the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation by discerning whether Black members of the U.S. House are more likely to promote group interests in their varied capacities as elected officials than are similarly positioned non-Black legislators.…
Nonpartisans as False Negatives
We argue that most survey measures of partisanship are misclassifying many respondents as nonpartisans. Common wordings, especially those in major cross-national surveys, violate well-established best practices in questionnaire design by reading aloud a nonpartisanship option. This is akin, we show, to the taboo of inviting no-opinion responses. Consequently, most wordings produce high rates of false negatives, meaning respondents with partisan l…
Split-ticket voting as the rule
Radiocarbon Protocols and First Intercomparison Results From the Chronos 14 Carbon-Cycle Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
The Chronos 14 Carbon-Cycle Facility is a new radiocarbon laboratory at the University of New South Wales, Australia. Built around an Ionplus 200 kV MIni-CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) installed in October 2019, the facility was established to address major challenges in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological sciences. Here we report an overview of the Chronos facility, the pretreatment methods currently e…
Calculation of Past Dead Carbon Proportion and Variability by the Comparison of AMS 14 C and Tims U/TH Ages on Two Holocene Stalagmites
Twenty-two radiocarbon activity measurements were made by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on 2 Holocene stalagmites from Belgium (Han-stm1b) and from southwest France (Vil-stm1b). Sixteen thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) U/Th measurements were performed parallel to AMS analyses. The past dead carbon proportion (dcp) due to limestone dissolution and old soil organic matter (SOM) degradation is calculated with U/Th ages, measured ca…
Electoral system effects and ruling party dominance in Japan
Adaptive parties
A comparative study of optical properties of NaOH peat extracts
Assessment of the degree of decay of peat (humification) in ombrotrophic mires has become a standard technique for palaeoclimatic reconstruction, based on the finding that decay is primarily determined by surface wetness and temperature at the time of peat deposition. Determination of humification is undertaken by colorimetric measurement of an alkali extract of the peat at 540 nm. Humification is proportional to the amount of humic matter dissol…
Cave use and palaeoecology at Maludong (Red Deer Cave), Yunnan, China
Reformas Liberalizantes e Aprovação Presidencial
Free-Market Reform and Presidential Approval: The Politicization ofEconomic Policy Debates in Brazil To date, political scientists have argued that Brazilians' attitudes aboutneoliberal reforms play no role in mass political behavior or politicalassessments. In this paper, I provide evidence that Brazilians do politicizeeconomicpolicydebates.DatafromaJanuary1998surveydemonstratethatmass attitudes about privatization, foreign direct investment and…
The Hekla 3 volcanic eruption recorded in a Scottish speleothem
Recent research has demonstrated the presence of annual luminescent growth banding in a stalagmite from Sutherland, N.W. Scotland (Baker, Smart, Edwards and Richards, 1993). The banding record of this sample contains a short duration increase in annual band width, indicating a doubling of growth rate for a period of four years. Predicted growth rates derived from calcite precipitation kinetics are compared with observed growth-rate variability to…
The Microfoundations of Latin America's Social Policy Coalitions
In Latin America, formal workers (labor insiders) and informal workers (outsiders) tend to be enrolled in distinct welfare programs, so scholars generally assume that a fundamental political cleavage pits insiders against outsiders. According to a meta-analysis reported in this article, however, survey-based studies have hitherto shown the two groups to have relatively similar social policy preferences. The article seeks to reconcile these two st…
The Dynamics of Socially Supplied Information
It is often assumed that core political discussion networks are stable, governed by self-selection. But do individuals name the same political discussants over time? What factors predict retaining previously named people? And does the dropping of discussants make networks more homogeneous? Using original panel studies from across the Americas (Brazil, Mexico, and the United States), we present some of the first answers to these fundamental questi…
Does democratization lower consumer prices? Regime type, prices, and the consumer–producer tradeoff
The booming literature on the consequences of democratization for material welfare has produced no findings on the relationship between regime type and relative consumer prices. The literature largely shows that democracies favor masses over elites, generating the expectation that democratization should lower consumer prices. Yet it also finds that democratization boosts economic growth, an outcome that is partially contingent on making consumer …
Ethnopolitical demography and democracy in sub-Saharan Africa
Ethnic fragmentation is largely presumed to be bad for democracy. However, many African countries belie this claim, as democracy has recently sprouted in several of its multiethnic states. We argue that African countries that have demographic patterns where the largest ethnopolitical group is at least a near-majority and is simultaneously divided into nested subgroups produce Africa's most democratic multiethnic societies. This large-divided-grou…
Assessing the Effect of Sterilization on the Radiocarbon Signature of Freshwater Dissolved Organic Carbon
Radiocarbon analysis of freshwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) involves substantial sample pretreatment, including an initial rotary evaporation stage necessary to concentrate large volumes of freshwater sample. This may lead to a health risk from the exposure to pathogens, and there is the additional concern that the warm conditions during the rotary evaporation stage may provide ideal growing conditions for some pathogens. To remove any path…
Decadal-scale rainfall variability in Ethiopia recorded in an annually laminated, Holocene-age, stalagmite
An annually laminated, uranium-series dated, Holocene stalagmite from southeast Ethiopia has been analysed for growth rate and δ 13 C and δ 18 O variations at annual to biennial resolution, in order to provide the first long duration proxy record of decadal-scale rainfall variability in this climatically sensitive region. Our study site (10°N) is climatically influenced by both summer (June—August) and spring (March—May) rainfall caused by the an…
The Ordnance Survey / a History
The Hekla 3 volcanic eruption recorded in a Scottish speleothem
Recent research has demonstrated the presence of annual luminescent growth banding in a stalagmite from Sutherland, N.W. Scotland (Baker, Smart, Edwards and Richards, 1993). The banding record of this sample contains a short duration increase in annual band width, indicating a doubling of growth rate for a period of four years. Predicted growth rates derived from calcite precipitation kinetics are compared with observed growth-rate variability to…
Active deposition of calcareous tufa in Wessex, UK, and its implications for the ‘late-Holocene tufa decline’
Recent publications have suggested that deposition of calcareous tufa and travertine in the British Isles has declined since the mid-Holocene. Several causal mechanisms have been postulated which include changes in both palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological conditions. Results presented here for actively depositing tufa in the Wessex region of southwest England suggest that there has been significant under reporting of contemporary tufa deposi…
A rapid, non-destructive scanning method for detecting distal tephra layers in peats
Rapid, automatic scanning of reflectance variations along peat profiles from Corlea, central Ireland, known to contain prehistoric tephra layers dated to around 2300 cal. bc, has enabled the detection of these layers by non-destructive means. By using both light reflectance and luminescence properties it is believed that very thin and often discontinuous distal tephras characteristic of the Late Quaternary in northwest Europe may be detected with…
A Scottish speleothem record of the H-3 eruption or human impart? A reply to Dugmore, Coles and Buckland
Variations in stalagmite luminescence laminae structure at Poole's Cavern, England, AD 1910±1996
Duplicate records of variations in the structure of stalagmite annual luminescence laminae are investi gated for the period ad 1910 to 1996 for Poole's Cavern, Buxton, central England. For the two stalagmites, 88% of the years have luminescence laminae that exhibit a near sinusoidal shape with no structural variations. However 10 laminae (12% of total) exhibit a double band structure; these are demonstrated to occur in years with high monthly or …
Calculation of Past Dead Carbon Proportion and Variability by the Comparison of AMS 14 C and Tims U/TH Ages on Two Holocene Stalagmites
Twenty-two radiocarbon activity measurements were made by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on 2 Holocene stalagmites from Belgium (Han-stm1b) and from southwest France (Vil-stm1b). Sixteen thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) U/Th measurements were performed parallel to AMS analyses. The past dead carbon proportion (dcp) due to limestone dissolution and old soil organic matter (SOM) degradation is calculated with U/Th ages, measured ca…
A comparative study of optical properties of NaOH peat extracts
Assessment of the degree of decay of peat (humification) in ombrotrophic mires has become a standard technique for palaeoclimatic reconstruction, based on the finding that decay is primarily determined by surface wetness and temperature at the time of peat deposition. Determination of humification is undertaken by colorimetric measurement of an alkali extract of the peat at 540 nm. Humification is proportional to the amount of humic matter dissol…
Paleohydrological Records from Peat Profiles and Speleothems in Sutherland, Northwest Scotland
Paleohydrological changes during the late Holocene are inferred from humification, testate amoebae, and pollen evidence from three blanket peat profiles in northwest Scotland. Replicate peat humification records from the Traligill basin share the same patterns of change for a 600-yr period of overlap between 1800 and 2400 cal yr B.P. The shared patterns, inferred from samples with a resolution of 5–13 yr, represent basinwide hydrological changes.…
Reformas Liberalizantes e Aprovação Presidencial
Free-Market Reform and Presidential Approval: The Politicization ofEconomic Policy Debates in Brazil To date, political scientists have argued that Brazilians' attitudes aboutneoliberal reforms play no role in mass political behavior or politicalassessments. In this paper, I provide evidence that Brazilians do politicizeeconomicpolicydebates.DatafromaJanuary1998surveydemonstratethatmass attitudes about privatization, foreign direct investment and…
Lipid distribution in a subtropical southern China stalagmite as a record of soil ecosystem response to paleoclimate change
Lipid extracts from a 61.7-cm-long subtropical stalagmite in southern China, spanning the period of ca. 10,000–21,000 yr ago as constrained by U–Th dating, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The higher plants and microorganisms in the overlying soils contribute a proportion of n -alkanes identified in the stalagmite. The occurrence of LMW (lower molecular weight) n -alkanols and n -alkan-2-ones in the stalagmite was mainly …
Precise dating of Dansgaard–Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from stalagmite data
Why is Trade Reform So Popular in Latin America
Despite wavy national economies and a perception among observers that economic globalization is growing increasingly unpopular, aggregate support for free trade remains quite high across Latin America. This finding is robust to the wording of survey questions and has been quite resilient through time, even in the face of economic stagnation. Current theories of trade preferences, including the widely applied Heckscher-Ohlin model, do not explain …
Adaptive parties
Representing Black Interests and Promoting Black Culture
Despite considerable examination, scholars have yet to definitively establish the relationship between a legislator's racial background and his or her legislative activities. We assess the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation by discerning whether Black members of the U.S. House are more likely to promote group interests in their varied capacities as elected officials than are similarly positioned non-Black legislators.…
Who Wants to Globalize? Consumer Tastes and Labor Markets in a Theory of Trade Policy Beliefs
Although the allure of consumption is the engine of globalization, political economists have tended to ignore varying consumer tastes as a potential source of beliefs about trade policy. This article develops a theory of trade policy preferences that adds the notion of varying consumer tastes to the standard labor-market application of the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model. The theory, which can explain trade preferences both across individuals and cou…
Social Context and Campaign Volatility in New Democracies
In new democracies party systems are often young, so partisan cues and roots in the electorate tend to be weak. The results, in many instances, include volatile campaigns with comparatively high degrees of short‐term preference change among voters. We explore the mechanisms of voter volatility and, more broadly, the ways in which citizens learn about issues and candidates in weak‐party systems. We claim that citizens in such settings rely heavily…
A new approach to detecting vegetation and land-use Change using high-resolution lipid biomarker records in stalagmites
A hundred-year stalagmite lipid biomarker record from Mechara, southeastern Ethiopia, is presented. The record has been recovered at a 10-yr temporal resolution, marking the first time this has been achieved in stalagmite biomarker work and providing the first opportunity to investigate the relationship between stalagmite lipid records and hydrological transport lags, a vital issue in interpreting palaeoenvironmental signals. Preserved plant-deri…
Electoral system effects and ruling party dominance in Japan
Hyperspectral imaging of speleothems
Dissolved and total organic and inorganic carbon in some British rivers
Rivers transport both organic and inorganic carbon from their sources to the sea. Results of ~800 organic and inorganic analyses from various British rivers of contrasting size and land use are presented here: (1) the headwater River Tern, a rural river of 852 km 2 catchment; (2) the Ouseburn, a small urban 55 km 2 catchment; (3) the River Tyne, a larger river system of ~3000 km 2 catchment; (4) a spatial survey from 205 sample sites on ~60 river…
The Market and the Masses in Latin America
What do ordinary citizens in developing countries think about free markets? Conventional wisdom views globalization as an imposition on unwilling workers in developing nations, concluding that the recent rise of the Latin American left constitutes a popular backlash against the market. In this book, Baker marshals public opinion data from eighteen Latin American countries to show that most of the region's citizens are enthusiastic about globaliza…
Persistent Positive North Atlantic Oscillation Mode Dominated the Medieval Climate Anomaly
The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was the most recent pre-industrial era warm interval of European climate, yet its driving mechanisms remain uncertain. We present here a 947-year-long multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction and find a persistent positive NAO during the MCA. Supplementary reconstructions based on climate model results and proxy data indicate a clear shift to weaker NAO conditions into the Little Ice Age (LIA…
The market and the masses in Latin America
What do ordinary citizens in developing countries think about free markets? Conventional wisdom views globalization as an imposition on unwilling workers in developing nations, concluding that the recent rise of the Latin American left constitutes a popular backlash against the market. Baker marshals public opinion data from eighteen Latin American countries to show that most of the region's citizens are enthusiastic about globalization because i…
Split-ticket voting as the rule
Geography (20 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (18 obras) · Politics (18 obras) · Geology (15 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Economics (14 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Political economy (13 obras) · Sociology (13 obras)