Risa Palm
Biographic Data
| ID | 3635822 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Risa Palm |
| GIVEN NAMES | Risa |
| FAMILY NAME | Palm |
| SIGNATURE | PALM R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Georgia State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6277-3071 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 173 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Trust, experience, and innovation: Key factors shaping American attitudes about AI
A large survey of American adults explored the complex landscape of attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). It explored the degree of concern regarding specific potential outcomes of the new advances in AI technology and correlates of these concerns. Key variables associated with the direction and intensity of concern include prior experience using a large language model such as Chat GPT, general trust in science, adherence to the precauti…
Framing and Public Opinion on the Causes of Urban Wildfires in the United States
We report results from two survey experiments testing how frames in communication shape public views about the causes of urban wildfires in the United States. Respondents in a nationally representative sample (N = 2,155) and a targeted sample of California residents (N = 1,201) were randomly assigned to messages attributing recent wildfire damage to climate change, government mismanagement, both, or no cause. Exposure to the frames strongly influ…
Framing Affects Support for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the United States
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to advance health care, industrial productivity, and environmental sustainability but also presents risks such as job loss and uncontrolled superintelligent machines. Understanding public opinion about AI is key for anticipating its governance. This study examines how media framing affects U.S. beliefs about AI and support for its development. A survey experiment involved respondents reading articles…
How scientific and partisan media shape support for research on stratospheric aerosol injection
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a controversial technique that has been suggested as a means of temporarily halting global warming. A study conducted on 441 individuals in the US in November 2023 investigated the impact of three video presentations either promoting or opposing research on SAI. Two of the videos were presented by scientific experts either promoting or opposing further research into this technology. The third was politiciz…
Perspectives of Southwest Florida Homeowners and Real Estate Agents before Hurricane Ian
In September 2022, Hurricane Ian made landfall in southwest Florida, causing an estimated $67 billion in damage and the loss of almost 150 lives. Before this date, demand and house prices in this area were rising faster than anywhere else in the country. What did homeowners in southwest Florida believe about flood risk to their own homes, and what did real estate agents believe about the role of flood risk in the residential housing market? The s…
Effects of Conspiracy Rhetoric on Views About the Consequences of Climate Change and Support for Direct Carbon Capture
We implemented two survey-experiments to test the impact of conspiracy rhetoric on the views of US residents about the consequences of climate change and support for direct carbon capture. The first study focused on how receptive respondents were to a scientific report on the impacts of climate change when they were also presented with conspiracy-based criticism of the report’s conclusions. The second study explored how conspiracy rhetoric critic…
The Effect of Frames on Covid-19 Vaccine Resistance
In order to control the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it will be important to develop a communication strategy to counteract “vaccine resistance”, that is, the refusal to take the COVID-19 vaccine even when available. This paper reports the results of a survey experiment testing the impacts of several types of message content: the safety and efficacy of the vaccine itself, the likelihood that others will take the vaccine, and th…
“Don’t Tell Me What to Do”: Resistance to Climate Change Messages Suggesting Behavior Changes
This study evaluates the impact of exposure to messages that emphasize the need for changes in individual behavior or in public policy to address climate change attributed to a “climate scientist” or to an unnamed source. We implemented a large survey experiment ( N = 1915) online through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform that manipulated the presence of recommendations for voluntary behavioral changes or the adoption of new laws to mitig…
Framing the Origins of Covid-19
Conspiracy theories have flourished about the origins of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes an acute respiratory syndrome (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) in humans. This article reports the results from a study that evaluates the impact of exposure to framed messages about the origins of COVID-19. We tested four hypotheses: two focusing on its origins as either zoonotic or human-engineered and two concerning the impacts of origin …
Illusions of Safety: Culture and Earthquake Hazard Response in California and Japan
This book is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CMS-9542154 and CMS-9316749. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We wish to acknowledge the collaboration of Professor Shinobu Kitayama of Kyoto University in sharing in the design of the study. Kitayama dev…
Cross-national variation in determinants of climate change concern
Our understanding of the determinants of public concern about climate change relies heavily on survey research in the United States. But can those findings be generalized to the rest of the world? Analysis of the Pew Research Center’s 2015 Global Attitudes Survey shows fairly similar patterns in the English-speaking Western democracies and, to a lesser extent, western Europe, but party identification and political ideology matter much less in mos…
Counteracting Climate Science Politicization With Effective Frames and Imagery
Politicization of science occurs when the inherent uncertainty of science is emphasized to cast doubt on scientific consensus. Climate change has become particularly susceptible to this kind of politicization. In this article, we report the results of a survey experiment in which we manipulated text frames and visual imagery associated with two types of environmental hazards linked to climate change—sea level rise with associated flooding and inc…
The Impact of Message Source on the Effectiveness of Communications About Climate Change
We conducted a survey experiment in which we presented 1,850 respondents with one of two versions of an appeal emphasizing either the threats to the environment or threats to national security of the United States as a result of climate change. The messages were attributed to one of four sources: Republican Party leaders, Democratic Party leaders, military officials, or climate scientists. The results reveal that messages attributed to military l…
What Causes People to Change Their Opinion about Climate Change
After a decade of steady growth in the acceptance of the existence of climate change and its anthropogenic causes, opinions have polarized, with almost one third of Americans, mostly Republicans, denying that the climate is changing or that human activity is responsible. What causes Americans to change their minds on this issue? Using a large panel data set, we examined the impacts of direct experience with weather anomalies, ideology, relative p…
Earthquake Time Bombs
and a senior consultant in an earthquake hazards
Dangerous Neighbors: Volcanoes and Cities
is a volcanologist who
"John Borchert's "American Metropolitan Evolution
John Borchert's 1967 classic Metropolitan Evolution is the article that had the greatest influence on my conceptualization of urban geography. article appeared during my first year as a graduate student and immediately became a kind of text in a very popular two-quarter sequence on The Geography of American Cities at the University of Minnesota. It presented a cogent organizational structure for the relative growth and decline of cities in the Un…
Recollections of Gilbert F. White in Colorado
Textbooks that moved generations
International Telephone Calls: Global and Regional Patterns
This study examines patterns in international telephone communications, documenting a close relationship between international call volume aggregated by nation and indicators of global connectivity including volume of international trade, tourism and migration. In addition, the analysis documents the existence of a set of national "communities" of callers. The clear orientation of large portions of the world to former colonial powers (e.g., West …
A Personal History
In the 1970s, urban geography in the United States was primarily concerned with understanding the development of our system of cities and also with discerning and modeling patterns in the internal structure of the metropolitan area. Hypothesis testing and the application of some rather complex multivariate statistics to census and other survey data were common. This paper outlines the author's personal history in this subfield through this decade
The internet and home purchase
In the pre–internet era, information was a key determinant of the geographic nature of intra–urban moves. Information was a far more limited commodity, and therefore subject to management and even manipulation. Information brokers, particularly real estate agents, could order and limit the kinds of information to which prospective buyers gained access, with the potential of strongly biasing search space. In the past few years, a vastly enriched i…
Residential Mobility: The Impacts of Web-Based Information on the Search Process and Spatial Housing Choice Patterns
In the past few years, a vastly enriched information source on housing vacancies has become available through real estate industry-sponsored sites on the Internet. This rich information source has the potential to influence spatial patterns and processes in the search for housing by eliminating information barriers in the search process. Thirty years ago, geographers documented the constraints to the search process caused by limited or biased inf…
Perceived risk and the earthquake insurance purchase decision: A commentary on a paper by Lennart Sjöberg
Sjöberg in his 1994 report entitled 'Perceived risk vs. demand for risk reduction' has argued that 'risk perception' involves two separable components: the probability that an event will occur and the consequences of this event. Based on three empirical studies, Sjöberg concluded that one of these two factors is far more important than the other: that the perceived severity of consequences is a better predictor of demand for mitigation than the p…
Classics in human geography revisited
Real Estate Agents and Geographical Information
Real estate agents in Minneapolis, Minnesota, were surveyed to ascertain the nature and degree of any geographical bias in their evaluations of urban neighborhoods. Three hypotheses were confirmed: first, that realty companies cover limited portions of the housing market; second, that overall evaluations by realtors correspond to the vacancy pattern; and third, that individual real estate agents have highly localized views of which areas are appr…
Cross-national variation in determinants of climate change concern
Our understanding of the determinants of public concern about climate change relies heavily on survey research in the United States. But can those findings be generalized to the rest of the world? Analysis of the Pew Research Center’s 2015 Global Attitudes Survey shows fairly similar patterns in the English-speaking Western democracies and, to a lesser extent, western Europe, but party identification and political ideology matter much less in mos…
Framing the Origins of Covid-19
Conspiracy theories have flourished about the origins of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes an acute respiratory syndrome (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) in humans. This article reports the results from a study that evaluates the impact of exposure to framed messages about the origins of COVID-19. We tested four hypotheses: two focusing on its origins as either zoonotic or human-engineered and two concerning the impacts of origin …
The Effect of Frames on Covid-19 Vaccine Resistance
In order to control the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it will be important to develop a communication strategy to counteract “vaccine resistance”, that is, the refusal to take the COVID-19 vaccine even when available. This paper reports the results of a survey experiment testing the impacts of several types of message content: the safety and efficacy of the vaccine itself, the likelihood that others will take the vaccine, and th…
The Impact of Message Source on the Effectiveness of Communications About Climate Change
We conducted a survey experiment in which we presented 1,850 respondents with one of two versions of an appeal emphasizing either the threats to the environment or threats to national security of the United States as a result of climate change. The messages were attributed to one of four sources: Republican Party leaders, Democratic Party leaders, military officials, or climate scientists. The results reveal that messages attributed to military l…
Residential Mobility: The Impacts of Web-Based Information on the Search Process and Spatial Housing Choice Patterns
In the past few years, a vastly enriched information source on housing vacancies has become available through real estate industry-sponsored sites on the Internet. This rich information source has the potential to influence spatial patterns and processes in the search for housing by eliminating information barriers in the search process. Thirty years ago, geographers documented the constraints to the search process caused by limited or biased inf…
Women and the Social Costs of Economic Development: Two Colorado Case Studies
What Causes People to Change Their Opinion about Climate Change
After a decade of steady growth in the acceptance of the existence of climate change and its anthropogenic causes, opinions have polarized, with almost one third of Americans, mostly Republicans, denying that the climate is changing or that human activity is responsible. What causes Americans to change their minds on this issue? Using a large panel data set, we examined the impacts of direct experience with weather anomalies, ideology, relative p…
Factor Labelling in Factorial Ecology∗
In the factorial ecology of American cities, the labels “socioeconomic status'’and “life cycle'’have been given to the two principal axes on the basis of several consistently related variables. If the general use of these names implies recurring processes of housing choice and city growth, which result in the observed residential patterns, then all variables related to these processes should exhibit consistent relationships to the principal axes.…
Coming Home
This address argues that human geographers should be eclectic in method and open to a variety of data sources but should frame our research so as to integrate micro- and macro-level observations. To do this, we must focus on the mutual effects of agency and structure. We should understand the interactions between people and environment as being neither random nor law-given but rather the combination of historical circumstance of both long and sho…
Ethnic Segmentation of Real Estate Agent Practice in the Urban Housing Market
This study investigated the extent to which the real estate industry is segmented along racial or ethnic lines. A 1982 survey of Anglo, black, and Hispanic real estate agents in the Denver metropolitan area showed ethnic segmentation in the structure of real estate business practice. Sellers select real estate agents at least partially on the basis of a common ethnicity, ethnicity affects the size and location of territories in which an agent obt…
The internet and home purchase
In the pre–internet era, information was a key determinant of the geographic nature of intra–urban moves. Information was a far more limited commodity, and therefore subject to management and even manipulation. Information brokers, particularly real estate agents, could order and limit the kinds of information to which prospective buyers gained access, with the potential of strongly biasing search space. In the past few years, a vastly enriched i…
Earthquake Insurance: Mandated Disclosure and Homeowner Response in California
Earthquake insurance can reduce potentially disastrous economic losses to house• holds and is therefore a prime method of mitigating against the worst economic effects of damaging earthquakes. The decision to purchase such insurance is a special case in the general study of individual response to uncertainty in the environment. An understanding of this decision process elucidates the ways in which environmental information becomes translated into…
Public Response to Earthquake Hazard Information
Consumer protection legislation has been based on the assumptions that people prefer to avoid risks and that they make rational decisions given a bounded field of information. Mandated disclosure of information about environmental hazards in limited areas should therefore result in the avoidance of such areas by homebuyers or the adoption of mitigation measures subsequent to the move. The response of California homebuyers to mandated disclosure o…
International Telephone Calls: Global and Regional Patterns
This study examines patterns in international telephone communications, documenting a close relationship between international call volume aggregated by nation and indicators of global connectivity including volume of international trade, tourism and migration. In addition, the analysis documents the existence of a set of national "communities" of callers. The clear orientation of large portions of the world to former colonial powers (e.g., West …
Natural Hazards in Puerto Rico
TOURISM literature portrays Puerto Rico as an American paradise, a destination for tourists interested in the casinos and nightlife of San Juan or the natural beauty of the Caribbean beaches and El Junque National Forest. Yet Puerto Rico also has a sizable potential for natural disasters. Each year, from July to November, a series of hurricanes passes through the Caribbean region. One such storm, Hurricane Hugo, struck Puerto Rico and the Virgin …
Women in Nonmetropolitan Areas: A Time-Budget Survey
Space-time budgets for women in two isolated nonmetropolitan towns in western Colorado were compiled in order to develop a basis for analyzing the effects of these environments on activity patterns. Compared with the time budgets of women in urban US areas, these responses showed large surpluses in the categories of leisure, free time, and leisure travel, and few hours spent in full-time employment, even by those who claim a full-time job outside…
Counteracting Climate Science Politicization With Effective Frames and Imagery
Politicization of science occurs when the inherent uncertainty of science is emphasized to cast doubt on scientific consensus. Climate change has become particularly susceptible to this kind of politicization. In this article, we report the results of a survey experiment in which we manipulated text frames and visual imagery associated with two types of environmental hazards linked to climate change—sea level rise with associated flooding and inc…
Classics in human geography revisited
An Index of Household Diversity
Factorial Ecology and the Community of Outlook∗
Research on the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area casts doubt on the assertion that factorial ecology can be used to derive the “community of outlook. ”Social areas delimited by factorial ecology were not effective in identifying common interests and values as revealed by the composite of printed information sources in sampled households
Intraurban Migration
Recollections of Gilbert F. White in Colorado
A Personal History
In the 1970s, urban geography in the United States was primarily concerned with understanding the development of our system of cities and also with discerning and modeling patterns in the internal structure of the metropolitan area. Hypothesis testing and the application of some rather complex multivariate statistics to census and other survey data were common. This paper outlines the author's personal history in this subfield through this decade
Natural Disasters
Factor Labelling in Factorial Ecology∗
In the factorial ecology of American cities, the labels “socioeconomic status'’and “life cycle'’have been given to the two principal axes on the basis of several consistently related variables. If the general use of these names implies recurring processes of housing choice and city growth, which result in the observed residential patterns, then all variables related to these processes should exhibit consistent relationships to the principal axes.…
Factorial Ecology and the Community of Outlook∗
Research on the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area casts doubt on the assertion that factorial ecology can be used to derive the “community of outlook. ”Social areas delimited by factorial ecology were not effective in identifying common interests and values as revealed by the composite of printed information sources in sampled households
Intraurban Migration
Social Patterns in Cities
The Role of Real Estate Agents as Information Mediators in two American Cities
Real estate salespersons in the San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area and in Minneapolis and its suburbs were surveyed in order to document the existence of any spatial bias the recommendations they make to prospective home buyers. Any such bias, it is argued, acts as a constraint to the information field and therefore also to the search space of such households. It was found that although the consensus of real estate salespersons concerning ne…
An Index of Household Diversity
Real Estate Agents and Geographical Information
Real estate agents in Minneapolis, Minnesota, were surveyed to ascertain the nature and degree of any geographical bias in their evaluations of urban neighborhoods. Three hypotheses were confirmed: first, that realty companies cover limited portions of the housing market; second, that overall evaluations by realtors correspond to the vacancy pattern; and third, that individual real estate agents have highly localized views of which areas are appr…
Homeownership Cost Trends
House price trends for San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods are only partially explained by the set of variables commonly used to assess house price levels. It is likely that such nonmarket factors as local building restrictions, differential mortgage financing policies, and real-estate agent behavior contribute to the relative inability of the cross-sectional model to predict change. In addition, the relationship of independent variables to pric…
Urban Geography: City Structures
Public Response to Earthquake Hazard Information
Consumer protection legislation has been based on the assumptions that people prefer to avoid risks and that they make rational decisions given a bounded field of information. Mandated disclosure of information about environmental hazards in limited areas should therefore result in the avoidance of such areas by homebuyers or the adoption of mitigation measures subsequent to the move. The response of California homebuyers to mandated disclosure o…
Women in Nonmetropolitan Areas: A Time-Budget Survey
Space-time budgets for women in two isolated nonmetropolitan towns in western Colorado were compiled in order to develop a basis for analyzing the effects of these environments on activity patterns. Compared with the time budgets of women in urban US areas, these responses showed large surpluses in the categories of leisure, free time, and leisure travel, and few hours spent in full-time employment, even by those who claim a full-time job outside…
Urban geography: City structures
Economic Geography--Spatial and Environmental Aspects of Economic Activity
The New Suburbanites: Race and Housing in the Suburbs
National data indicates a surge in African-American suburbanization during the 1970s. What are the barriers that have slowed this process for so long? Is black entry to the suburbs synonymous with integration? To what extent does it contribute to convergence in the residential distributions of whites and blacks? This careful and thorough study marshals evidence that black suburbanization offers less than full realization of the American Dream. Ho…
A Theory of Good Urban Form
Women and the Social Costs of Economic Development
Urban geography: City structures
Women and the Social Costs of Economic Development: Two Colorado Case Studies
Women and the Social Costs of Economic Development: Two Colorado Case Studies
Educating Business and Industry About Disasters: Legislative Problems in the Adoption of Modified Lending Terms by Home Mortgage Lenders
The regulation of home mortgage‐lending is another strategy for mitigating the danger of natural disaster through such regulation. Property owners could be made aware of the dangers posed to their property and required to share the risk of damage by purchasing subsidized insurance. This strategy, however, has not been utilized to an optimal degree in mitigating site specific geologic hazards due to legal barriers. Nevertheless, such barriers are …
Home Mortgage Lenders and Earthquake Hazards
Home mortgage lenders and earthquake hazards
Ethnic Segmentation of Real Estate Agent Practice in the Urban Housing Market
This study investigated the extent to which the real estate industry is segmented along racial or ethnic lines. A 1982 survey of Anglo, black, and Hispanic real estate agents in the Denver metropolitan area showed ethnic segmentation in the structure of real estate business practice. Sellers select real estate agents at least partially on the basis of a common ethnicity, ethnicity affects the size and location of territories in which an agent obt…
Racial and ethnic influences on real estate practices
A 1982 survey of Anglo, Black, and Hispanic real estate agents in the Denver metropolitan area suggested that race and ethnicity influence the attitudes and business practices of real estate agents. Minority real estate agents tended to gain listings from minority sellers and in areas of minority concentrations. They also have closer business relationships with other agents of the same minority group. One possible indicator of their integration i…
Coming Home
This address argues that human geographers should be eclectic in method and open to a variety of data sources but should frame our research so as to integrate micro- and macro-level observations. To do this, we must focus on the mutual effects of agency and structure. We should understand the interactions between people and environment as being neither random nor law-given but rather the combination of historical circumstance of both long and sho…
Geography (35 works) · Economics (16 works) · Business (14 works) · Housing Market and Economics (14 works) · Political science (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Economic geography (12 works) · Disaster Management and Resilience (11 works) · Finance (10 works)