Michael Hammond
Biographic Data
| ID | 3636264 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Hammond |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Hammond |
| SIGNATURE | HAMMOND M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Southampton |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1504-3957 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 62 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 97 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 60 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1965 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Exponential expansions in social evolution: The case of per capita income averages in the U.S
The exponential expansion of per capita incomes over the last centuries in tech driven economies like that of the U.S. is the most recent in a long series of social creations marked by one or another exponential expansion. The origins of the deep attraction to these enhancements are found in the evolutionary heritage of our expanded cognitive and affective capacities. These evolved capacities have always marked the exponentially rising learning c…
Orthographic epenthesis and vowel deletion in Welsh
In this paper, we examine the distribution of epenthesis in final clusters and initial syllable deletion in trisyllabic words in Welsh using a corpus of Twitter data (Jones et al. 2015). We show that the generalisations established in Hannahs 2009, Hannahs 2011, and Hannahs 2013 are largely borne out, but there are additional lexical and phonological complications. Specifically, we show that these two processes are subject to lexical frequency ef…
Forbidden zones: War Nurse (1930), women, and the Hollywood memory of the Great War
While women working as nurses had been a staple in films with war settings since the beginnings of narrative film, the early 1930s saw a short cycle of Hollywood films which placed women at the centre of the war film. One of the first of these was War Nurse (1930), produced at MGM and directed by Edgar Selwyn. Another, a year later, was The Mad Parade, a film distributed by Paramount and directed by William Beaudine. The two films did unremarkabl…
Northern Welsh
Northern Welsh is one of two main dialect families of Welsh (cym, ISO 693-3) spoken in Wales, the other being Southern Welsh. The Welsh counties of Anglesey, Gwynedd, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, and Wrexham in the United Kingdom are considered to comprise the unofficial region of North Wales shown in Figure Within this area there are further dialectal differences that are beyond the scope of this analysis, which considers the general feature…
Category-specific effects in Welsh mutation
In this paper we investigate category-specific effects through the lens of Welsh mutation. Smith (2011) and Moreton et al. (2017) show that English distinguishes nouns and proper nouns in an experimental blending task. Here we show that Welsh distinguishes nouns, verbs, personal names, and place names in the mutation system. We demonstrate these effects experimentally in a translation task designed to elicit mutation intuitions and in several cor…
Voiceless Nasals in Welsh
Reward Allowances and Contrast Effects in Social Evolution
Our evolutionary heritage of different reward allowances for different interests leaves us very responsive to social creations offering certain types of contrast effects. Zygmunt Bauman’s model of liquid modernity and its impact on more “solid” traditional cultures are examined in terms of changes in the use of these reward allowances on a mass scale as social structures offering the contrast impact of serial novelty are substituted for structure…
An interesting paper but not sufficiently theoretical: What does theorising in social research look like
This article explores the concept of theorising in social research: what is theorising; how does theorising look to those doing it and how can it be explained as a practice. The article draws on different sources, including accounts of theory and theorising in the literature as well as first-hand reporting by academics. A view is reached of theorising as a personal undertaking involving a commitment to comprehend the world. It is argued that theo…
Phonological restrictions on lenition in Scottish Gaelic
There has been extraordinary attention devoted to the Celtic mutations over the years, with various authors arguing for phonological, morphological, or lexical treatments (and various blends thereof). Strikingly, this literature is virtually bereft of any mention of the phonological restrictions that can sometimes limit the applicability of mutation. In this article, we provide a detailed experimental and corpus-based investigation of the phonolo…
Input Optimisation: Phonology and morphology
In this paper, I provide a unified account of three frequency effects in phonology. First, typologically marked elements are underrepresented. Second, phonological changes are underrepresented. Third, morphologically conditioned phonological changes are overrepresented. These effects are demonstrated with corpus data from English and Welsh. I show how all three effects follow from a simple conception of phonological complexity. Further, I demonst…
Pictures and Progress: Early Photography and the Making of African American Identity
Urban flood impact assessment: A state-of-the-art review
Flooding can cause major disruptions in cities, and lead to significant impacts on people, the economy and on the environment. These impacts may be exacerbated by climate and socio-economic changes. Resilience thinking has become an important way for city planners and decision makers to manage flood risks.Despite different definitions of resilience, a consistent theme is that flood resilient cities are impacted less by extreme flood events. There…
The Great War and the Moving Image
The First World War is also the first cinematic war, its onset chiming with the necessary technology becoming widely available. There now existed a mechanical means of recording armed combat on fil
Snapshots’: Local Cinema Cultures in the Great War
The Great War broke out at the moment that the film industry at all levels, production, distribution and exhibition was becoming established. Here the attention is on the local cinema cultures of three spaces: Louvain in Belgium, Southampton in England, and Stevens Point, Wisconsin, in the United States. The areas share marked differences: Louvain suffered considerably, including direct damage to its buildings, reprisal executions of its citizens…
Progressive Evangelicals and the Pursuit of Social Justice
It is difficult to find an account of twentieth-century American evangelicals that does not quickly become a story of political battles driven by intense polarization over social issues. In Progressive Evangelicals and the Pursuit of Social Justice, Brantley Gasaway focuses on activists and leaders who sought to identify themselves with the evangelical movement but were more at home with the successors of the 1960s counterculture. Gasaway settles…
Vowel insertion in Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic has been cited as providing an instance of vowel excrescence (Hall 2006). One of the defining properties of excrescent vowels is that they are phonologically inert and are not motivated by – nor do they contribute to – the syllable structure of a language. In this paper, we report on a series of experiments which tap into native speakers' intuitions of syllable structure in Scottish Gaelic. Insofar as intuitions about syllable cou…
War Relic and Forgotten Man: Richard Barthelmess as Celluloid Veteran in Hollywood 1922–1933
Throughout the 1920s and early 1930s the Hollywood industry's attempts to imagine the Great War veterans' experience on screen were characterized by tensions between traditional and modern versions. Throughout much of the 1920s the veteran was a ‘relic’ of the past to be honoured and feted. But during periods of social unrest and particularly the financial crises of the 1930s, the veteran became an unwelcome reminder of the war's cost and a threa…
The phonology of Welsh cynghanedd
Main Stress and Parallel Metrical Planes
Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 417-428
So essentially human’: The appeal of Charles Chaplin's Shoulder Arms in Britain, 1918
Charles Chaplin's war comedy Shoulder Arms (1918) was shown as a trade screening in Britain within five days of the Armistice in November 1918. Close friends had warned Chaplin that this might be an inappropriate topic for a comedy, given the enormous loss of life suffered by European. In Britain, Chaplin had come under scrutiny for not enlisting. However, Chaplin and his comedy stood, at the end of the war, for the recreational function of cinem…
Medical Examination and Poor Relief in Early Modern Germany
This article investigates the role of the medical examination in municipal poor relief programmes between 1570 and 1620. Documents from the city of Nrdlingen, a community of approximately 10,000 people in 1600, suggest that municipal facilities addressed a range of serious illnesses for a wide spectrum of the population. Practitioners were influenced by their Galenic medical milieu but ultimately focused on a range of practical resource questions…
'Fitting it in': A study exploring ICT use in a UK primary school
This paper presents a case study of a primary school which was seen as using ICT effectively to support teaching and learning. Research was carried out over two years (2003-2005) and included observation of lessons, document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires with staff at the school. It was found that 'fitting ICT in', rather than 'effective use of ICT', provided a more accurate description of the complex decisions and actions that were ma…
Genetic Nature/Culture (review)
Reviewed by: Genetic Nature/Culture Michael Hammond Alan Goodman, Deborah Heath, and M. Susan Lindee, eds., Genetic Nature/Culture, University of California Press, 2003, 311 pp. This volume originated in a Wenner-Glen Foundation international symposium devoted to the theme of the inseparability of genetic, environmental, and culture analysis in anthropology. Each of the fourteen essays argues in one way or another that genetics plays some role in…
Genetic Nature/Culture
The contemporary television series
Offering an engaging and provocative study of the contemporary prime-time 'quality' serial television format, this book gives a timely account of prominent examples of the genre such as 'The X Files', 'The Sopranos' and 'The West Wing' and explores their influential position within the television industry
The Expulsion of the Neanderthals from Human Ancestry: Marcellin Boule and the Social Context of Scientific Research
Marcellin Boule's Neanderthal research, and his conclusion that the slouching cave brute could not be ancestral to modern man, were pillars of human paleontological theory for the first half of this century. Moving from the initial selection of the Neanderthal problem to the international acceptance of his ideas, Boule's research is analyzed in terms of various social and theoretical commitments linked to his position in the French and internatio…
An interesting paper but not sufficiently theoretical: What does theorising in social research look like
This article explores the concept of theorising in social research: what is theorising; how does theorising look to those doing it and how can it be explained as a practice. The article draws on different sources, including accounts of theory and theorising in the literature as well as first-hand reporting by academics. A view is reached of theorising as a personal undertaking involving a commitment to comprehend the world. It is argued that theo…
The Enhancement Imperative: The Evolutionary Neurophysiology of Durkheimian Solidarity
Durkheimian solidarity, especially in regard to religion, is reanalyzed in terms of recent developments in the neurosciences and evolution. Neurophysiological studies indicate that religious arousers can piggyback on reward circuitry established by natural selection for interpersonal attachments. This piggybacking is rooted in uneven evolutionary changes in cognitive capacities, emotional arousal capabilities, and preconscious screening rules for…
Genetic Nature/Culture
Vowel Quantity and Syllabification in English
Based on the distribution of vowel qualities in medial and final syllables, I argue that there is phonological gemination in English. The analysis is cast in terms of optimality theory and has important implications in several domains: first, ambisyllabicity is not the right way to capture aspiration and flapping; second, languages where stress is dependent on vowel quality are perhaps best treated in terms of the kind of covert gemination propos…
Templatic transfer in Arabic broken plurals
The Sociology of Emotions and the History of Social Differentiation
notion of affectivity to explain the emergence of various social structures. This bold attempt to extend the role of affectivity in sociological thinking has been rejected by most social scientists. By greatly elaborating Durkheim's outline for a sociology of emotions, however, this essay suggests that there is a fruitful way to use affectivity in macrosociological theory. This model allows us to develop in a new way Durkheim's description of str…
The acquisition of phonology based on input: A Closer Look at the Relation of Cross-Linguistic and Child Language Data
The obligatory-branching parameter in metrical theory
The Contemporary Television Series
Metrical Phonology
Metrical theory is a branch of phonology that posits a hierarchical structure to represent stress patterns in the minds of speakers. This review examines the basic arguments for this theory and surveys the central issues of the field over the past 18 years. These issues include questions about whether the foot typology is symmetric, whether there is a strict binarity requirement, and how to treat ternary iteration. The review concludes with a bri…
The Social Construction of Emotions
Vertical Classification
War Relic and Forgotten Man: Richard Barthelmess as Celluloid Veteran in Hollywood 1922–1933
Throughout the 1920s and early 1930s the Hollywood industry's attempts to imagine the Great War veterans' experience on screen were characterized by tensions between traditional and modern versions. Throughout much of the 1920s the veteran was a ‘relic’ of the past to be honoured and feted. But during periods of social unrest and particularly the financial crises of the 1930s, the veteran became an unwelcome reminder of the war's cost and a threa…
Understanding Phenomenology
Hungarian cola
Stowell (1979) argues that an intermediate level of structure between foot and word tree is necessary: superfeet or cola. Cola are metrical constituents built on the output of footing. Stowell's argument is based on the accentual systems of Passamaquoddy and Seneca. However, in both cases, the analysis is for one reason or another questionable. First, P. LeSourd (personal communication) has suggested that the Passamaquoddy data are more complex t…
Local government elections
Local government elections
Weighting causes in historical explanation
Durkheim's Reality Construction Model and the Emergence of Social Stratification
Anthropology as a weapon of social combat in late-nineteenth-century France
The evolutionary anthropology and radical political commitment of Gabriel de Mortillet and his colleagues at the École d'Anthropologie in Paris played a major role in the growth of anthropology in late-nineteenth-century France. They combined leftwing politics and philosophical materialism with their studies in the physical and cultural evolution of mankind to create a combat anthropology. Their battles to establish a new science of man were cons…
Comparative Phonology of Guangxi Yue Dialects
Vertical Classification
Word-Based Morphology and Synthetic Compounding
The Expulsion of the Neanderthals from Human Ancestry: Marcellin Boule and the Social Context of Scientific Research
Marcellin Boule's Neanderthal research, and his conclusion that the slouching cave brute could not be ancestral to modern man, were pillars of human paleontological theory for the first half of this century. Moving from the initial selection of the Neanderthal problem to the international acceptance of his ideas, Boule's research is analyzed in terms of various social and theoretical commitments linked to his position in the French and internatio…
The Sociology of Emotions and the History of Social Differentiation
notion of affectivity to explain the emergence of various social structures. This bold attempt to extend the role of affectivity in sociological thinking has been rejected by most social scientists. By greatly elaborating Durkheim's outline for a sociology of emotions, however, this essay suggests that there is a fruitful way to use affectivity in macrosociological theory. This model allows us to develop in a new way Durkheim's description of str…
Class, Structure and Knowledge: Problems in the Sociology of Knowledge
The obligatory-branching parameter in metrical theory
Hungarian cola
Stowell (1979) argues that an intermediate level of structure between foot and word tree is necessary: superfeet or cola. Cola are metrical constituents built on the output of footing. Stowell's argument is based on the accentual systems of Passamaquoddy and Seneca. However, in both cases, the analysis is for one reason or another questionable. First, P. LeSourd (personal communication) has suggested that the Passamaquoddy data are more complex t…
Theoretical Morphology: Approaches in Modern Linguistics
Theoretical Morphology provides a comprehensive and coherent treatment of contemporary morphological research and theory. A variety of theoretical paradigms are reviewed and illustrated by specific topics of debate within the field. The twenty-one chapters are divided into sections on inflection, function, historical/area studies, mapping to other components, and morphophonology.
Studies in syntactic typology
Theoretical Morphology
Templatic transfer in Arabic broken plurals
Lexical stresses in Macedonian and Polish
We have presented two different analyses of stress in Macedonian and Polish: one in terms of CGs and the other in terms of QS/ROB footing. Further, we showed how there were a number of problems with the CG account. We now consider those problems again in light of the latter analyses above. The first problem was that the emergence of unmarked stress under suffixation did not find a uniform explanation in Macedonian and Polish. This is not true of …
The ‘name game’ and onset simplification
Steriade (1988) proposes a model of reduplication and templatic systems that includes a process of onset simplification. For example, in Tagalog, the first syllable of a root can undergo prefixal reduplication with onset simplification: ta-trabaho, bo-bloaut . Steriade cites a number of cases of onset simplification cooccurring with syllable-based templatic systems, but provides no examples of it with foot-based systems. Here we provide an exampl…
Darwin, Sex, and Status: Biological Approaches to Mind and Culture
Yearbook of Morphology
Constraining Metrical Theory: A Modular Theory of Rhythm and Destressing
The Social Construction of Emotions
Poetic Meter and the Arboreal Grid
This paper is concerned with the representation of stress that poetic meter refers to. Hayes 1983 argues that meter is sensitive to the metrical grid of Liberman & Prince 1977; here it is argued that meter is sensitive to the arboreal grid of Hammond 1988. This argument is made on the basis of two constraints that hold for the meter of James Thomson. These constraints are unstatable in terms of the metrical grid or metrical tree
Understanding Phenomenology
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Understanding Phenomenology. By Michael Hammond, Jane Howarth and Russell Keat. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Pp. viii + 312. £35.00 h/b, £12.95 p/b.)Exploring Phenomenology. By David Stewart and Algis Mickunas. (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1990. Pp. ix + 173. £28.45 h/b, £12.95 p/b.) Paul Gorner Paul Gorner University of Aberdeen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar…
Heavy trochees in Choctaw morphology
The theory of prosodic morphology (McCarthy & Prince 1986, 1990, 1993) maintains that various operations in morphology can refer to only a fixed set of prosodic categories. These operations include reduplication, infixation and various templatic systems. The prosodic categories are exhaustively listed in (1): This is an extremely constrained theory, as it limits a wide variety of operations to just this list of eight types
Philosophy (37 works) · Sociology (27 works) · Linguistics (26 works) · Computer Science (25 works) · Epistemology (18 works) · Psychology (17 works) · History (16 works) · Mathematics (16 works) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (14 works) · Art (13 works)