Samuel R Friedman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3638451 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Samuel R Friedman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Samuel R |
| FAMILY NAME | Friedman |
| SIGNATURE | FRIEDMAN S R |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 64 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 404 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 64 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Network Centrality and Individual Sociodemographics and Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs
PURPOSE: Understanding the types of individuals and their position in the network may improve interventions for people who inject drugs (PWID). METHODS: From the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP), which enrolled PWID and their contacts in Athens, Greece, from 2013 to 2015, we extracted the largest connected component of the network (i.e., the largest group of connected individuals) and identified members who were in the top quart…
HIV-Stigmatizing Beliefs and Attitudes as a Barrier to Early PrEP Care Continuum Engagement Among People Who Inject Drugs
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective prevention strategy, yet awareness, knowledge, and willingness to use it among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains inadequate despite widespread eligibility. Stigma, particularly HIV-stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes, may be a key barrier to engagement at early stages of the PrEP care continuum. We examine how HIV-stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes affect PrEP awareness, knowledge, and…
Following the power: Social-class inequities in mortality from accidental poisonings, suicide, and chronic liver disease in the United States
Development and Validation of a Provider-Specific Anticipated Stigma Scale for People Who Inject Drugs
Stigma in healthcare settings is a critical barrier to HIV prevention and treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID). While previous tools have measured anticipated stigma, few account for the intersectional and provider-specific experiences of PWID-particularly from syringe service programs (SSPs). We developed and validated the Substance Use Anticipated Provider Stigma Scale (SU-APSS), a multidimensional instrument assessing anticipated sti…
Syndemic factors associated with non-fatal overdose among young opioid users in New York City
Introduction: Rates of illicit opioid use are particularly high among young adults, yet research on overdose experience and factors associated with overdose in this population remains limited. This study examines the experiences and correlates of non-fatal overdose among young adults using illicit opioids in New York City (NYC). Methods: 539 participants were recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling in 2014-2016. Eligibility criteria included: ag…
A Sociology of Empathy and Shared Understandings: Contextualizing Beliefs and Attitudes on Why People Use Opioids
There has been a steep rise in overdoses and mortality among people who use opioids or who inject drugs (PWUD), including in North America, the United Kingdom, and parts of Eastern Europe, with some of the sharpest increases amassing in rural communities. Currently, the literature lacks a comparative focus on the views and experiences of rural PWUD and professionals who regularly work and interface with them, in terms of their understandings of t…
Sociometric Risk Network Structure, HIV Prevalence, and Drug Injection-Related Norms among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Athens, Greece
Background: Structural properties of sociometric networks have been associated with behaviors related to HIV transmission. Very few studies, however, have explored the correlation between sociometric network factors and drug injection-related norms. Methods: This exploratory work: (i) describes basic structural qualities of a sociometric risk network of participants in the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) in Athens, Greece, in t…
Challenges posed by Covid‐19 to people who inject drugs and lessons from other outbreaks
The Opioid/Overdose Crisis as a Dialectics of Pain, Despair, and One-Sided Struggle
The opioid/overdose crisis in the United States and Canada has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and has become a major field for research and interventions. It has embroiled pharmaceutical companies in lawsuits and possible bankruptcy filings. Effective interventions and policies toward this and future drug-related outbreaks may be improved by understanding the sociostructural roots of this outbreak. Much of the literature on roots of the o…
A Qualitative Investigation Comparing Psychosocial and Physical Sexual Experiences Related to Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Adults
Contextual Predictors of Injection Drug Use Among Black Adolescents and Adults in US Metropolitan Areas, 1993–2007
Objectives. We sought to determine whether contextual factors shape injection drug use among Black adolescents and adults. Methods. For this longitudinal study of 95 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), we drew annual MSA-specific estimates of the prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) among Black adolescents and adults in 1993 through 2007 from 3 surveillance databases. We used existing administrative data to measure MSA-level socioeconomic…
Homelessness and Other Risk Factors for HIV Infection in the Current Outbreak Among Injection Drug Users in Athens, Greece
Objectives. We examined HIV prevalence and risk factors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Athens, Greece, during an HIV outbreak. Methods. We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 1404 IDUs to the Aristotle intervention in August to October 2012. We interviewed participants and tested for HIV. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Estimated HIV prevalence was 19.8% (RDS-weighted prevalence = 14.8%). Odds of infe…
What Might Socialism Look Like
One current slogan is 'Another world is possible', but Marxists have written relatively little about what this new world might look like. Marx himself shied away from this topic as leading to utopias delivered by top-down saviors, whereas his vision of socialism would be built by the victorious working class in line with its needs and desires. This article, on the other hand, takes a different approach. It discusses objections people have to seei…
Dialectical theory and the study of HIV/Aids and other epidemics
Drug Arrests and Injection Drug Deterrence
Objectives. We tested the hypothesis that higher rates of previous hard drug–related arrests predict lower rates of injection drug use. Methods. We analyzed drug-related arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program for 93 large US metropolitan statistical areas in 1992 to 2002 to predict previously published annual estimates of the number of injection drug users (IDUs) per 10 000 population. Results. In l…
Spatial Access to Syringe Exchange Programs and Pharmacies Selling Over-the-Counter Syringes as Predictors of Drug Injectors' Use of Sterile Syringes
Objectives. We examined relationships of spatial access to syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and pharmacies selling over-the-counter (OTC) syringes with New York City drug injectors’ harm reduction practices. Methods. Each year from 1995 to 2006, we measured the percentage of 42 city health districts’ surface area that was within 1 mile of an SEP or OTC pharmacy. We applied hierarchical generalized linear models to investigate relationships betwee…
Incarceration, Sex With an STI- or HIV-Infected Partner, and Infection With an STI or HIV in Bushwick, Brooklyn, NY: A Social Network Perspective
Objectives. We examined the link between incarceration and sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, from a social network perspective. Methods. We used data collected during a social network study conducted in Brooklyn, NY (n = 343), to measure associations between incarceration and infection with herpes simplex virus-2, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis or HIV and sex with an infected partner, adjusting for characteristics of respon…
Persistence and Change in Disparities in HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in New York City After Large-Scale Syringe Exchange Programs
Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) before and after implementation of large-scale syringe exchange programs in New York City. Methods. Participants were recruited from IDUs entering the Beth Israel drug detoxification program in New York City. Participants (n = 1203) recruited from 1990 through 1994, prior to large-scale syringe exchange programs (pre-exchange), were compared with …
Structural and Social Contexts of HIV Risk Among African Americans
HIV continues to be transmitted at unacceptably high rates among African Americans, and most HIV-prevention interventions have focused on behavioral change. To theorize additional approaches to HIV prevention among African Americans, we discuss how sexual networks and drug-injection networks are as important as behavior for HIV transmission. We also describe how higher-order social structures and processes, such as residential racial segregation …
Estimating the Prevalence of Injection Drug Use among Black and White Adults in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas over Time (1992–2002): Estimation Methods and Prevalence Trends
Estimating the Prevalence of Injection Drug Use among Black and White Adults in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas over Time (1992–2002): Estimation Methods and Prevalence Trends
Estimating the Prevalence of Injection Drug Users in the U.S. and in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas from 1992 to 2002
Multiple infections and associated risk factors among non-injecting cocaine users in Argentina
The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV, core antibody), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis infections and analyze associated risk factors among 504 non-injecting cocaine users (NICU) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed in face-to-face sessions through a short structured questionnaire. Using venipuncture, 10mL of blood was collected. Sero…
For the common good: Measuring residents' efforts to protect their community from drug- and sex-related harm
People in high-risk neighbourhoods try to protect their friends, neighbours, relatives and others from the social and physical risks associated with sex and drug use. This paper develops and validates a community-grounded questionnaire to measure such 'intravention' (health-directed efforts to protect others). An initial ethnography, including life-history interviews and focus groups, explored the forms of intravention activities engaged in by re…
Residential Segregation and Injection Drug Use Prevalence Among Black Adults in US Metropolitan Areas
Objectives. We analyzed the relations of two 1990 dimensions of racial residential segregation (isolation and concentration) with 1998 injection drug use prevalence among Black adult residents of 93 large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Methods. We estimated injection drug use prevalence among Black adults in each MSA by analyzing 3 databases documenting injection drug users’ encounters with the health care system. Multiple linear regre…
The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users
The relevance of drug injectors' social and risk networks for understanding and preventing HIV infection
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against Aids in New York City
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against AIDS in New York City Get access Ernest Quimby, Ernest Quimby Correspondence to: Quimby, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel R. Friedman Samuel R. Friedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 36, Issue 4, 1 Oc…
Nimby localism and national inequitable exclusion alliances: The case of syringe exchange programs in the United States
Structural and Social Contexts of HIV Risk Among African Americans
HIV continues to be transmitted at unacceptably high rates among African Americans, and most HIV-prevention interventions have focused on behavioral change. To theorize additional approaches to HIV prevention among African Americans, we discuss how sexual networks and drug-injection networks are as important as behavior for HIV transmission. We also describe how higher-order social structures and processes, such as residential racial segregation …
Syringe-mediated drug sharing among injecting drug users: Patterns, social context and implications for transmission of blood-borne pathogens
Reducing the Risk of Aids Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment
John C. Ball, W. Robert Lange, C. Patrick Myers, Samuel R. Friedman, Reducing the Risk of AIDS Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 214-226
Public awareness of Aids in Rwanda
HIV Incidence Among Injection Drug Users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: Use of Serologic Test Algorithm to Assess Expansion of HIV Prevention Services
Objectives. We sought to estimate HIV incidence among injection drug users (IDUs) in New York City from 1990 to 2002 to assess the impact of an expansion of syringe exchange services. Syringe exchange increased greatly during this period, from 250000 to 3000000 syringes exchanged annually. Methods. Serum samples were obtained from serial cross-sectional surveys of 3651 IDUs. HIV-positive samples were tested with the Serologic Test Algorithm for R…
Residential Segregation and Injection Drug Use Prevalence Among Black Adults in US Metropolitan Areas
Objectives. We analyzed the relations of two 1990 dimensions of racial residential segregation (isolation and concentration) with 1998 injection drug use prevalence among Black adult residents of 93 large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Methods. We estimated injection drug use prevalence among Black adults in each MSA by analyzing 3 databases documenting injection drug users’ encounters with the health care system. Multiple linear regre…
Aids and Legal Access to Sterile Drug Injection Equipment
Legal access to sterile injection equipment has been a primary strategy for preventing the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons who inject illicit drugs in almost all developed countries. This strategy has remained highly controversial in the United States, with only a small number of localities adopting it. This article reviews different techniques of providing legal access—over-the-counter sales and syringe exchanges—researc…
Incarceration, Sex With an STI- or HIV-Infected Partner, and Infection With an STI or HIV in Bushwick, Brooklyn, NY: A Social Network Perspective
Objectives. We examined the link between incarceration and sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, from a social network perspective. Methods. We used data collected during a social network study conducted in Brooklyn, NY (n = 343), to measure associations between incarceration and infection with herpes simplex virus-2, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis or HIV and sex with an infected partner, adjusting for characteristics of respon…
Social and Political Factors Predicting the Presence of Syringe Exchange Programs in 96 US Metropolitan Areas
Community activism can be important in shaping public health policies. For example, political pressure and direct action from grassroots activists have been central to the formation of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in the United States. We explored why SEPs are present in some localities but not others, hypothesizing that programs are unevenly distributed across geographic areas as a result of political, socioeconomic, and organizational chara…
HIV Prevalence, Risk Behaviors, and High-Risk Sexual and Injection Networks Among Young Women Injectors Who Have Sex With Women
Women injection drug users who have sex with women (WSW IDUs) constitute 20% to 30% of American women IDUs.1 Compared with other women IDUs, WSW IDUs have higher HIV prevalence and incidence rates and a greater likelihood of engaging in high-risk injection and sexual practices with men.1–16 Previous reports suggested that WSW IDUs may be particularly likely to engage in drug injection and sex with men who have sex with men (MSM)1,2,5,6,9,17–19 an…
Spatial Access to Syringe Exchange Programs and Pharmacies Selling Over-the-Counter Syringes as Predictors of Drug Injectors' Use of Sterile Syringes
Objectives. We examined relationships of spatial access to syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and pharmacies selling over-the-counter (OTC) syringes with New York City drug injectors’ harm reduction practices. Methods. Each year from 1995 to 2006, we measured the percentage of 42 city health districts’ surface area that was within 1 mile of an SEP or OTC pharmacy. We applied hierarchical generalized linear models to investigate relationships betwee…
Changes in HIV Seroprevalence and Related Behaviors Among Male Injection Drug Users Who Do and Do Not Have Sex With Men: New York City, 1990–1999
Objectives. This study examined HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among male injection drug users (IDUs) who have sex with men and among other male IDUs. Methods. Male IDUs were interviewed and tested for HIV at a detoxification clinic during 1990 to 1994 and 1995 to 1999. Analyses compared male IDUs who do and do not have sex with men within and between periods. Results. Initially, HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviors were higher among IDUs who…
Persistence and Change in Disparities in HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in New York City After Large-Scale Syringe Exchange Programs
Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) before and after implementation of large-scale syringe exchange programs in New York City. Methods. Participants were recruited from IDUs entering the Beth Israel drug detoxification program in New York City. Participants (n = 1203) recruited from 1990 through 1994, prior to large-scale syringe exchange programs (pre-exchange), were compared with …
Impact of Aids on Puerto Rican Intravenous Drug Users
This article examines HIV risk for Hispanics, particularly Puerto Ricans who are intravenous (IV) drug users. First, national statistics on AIDS cases as well as major epidemiological studies are analyzed to establish risk, in general, for Hispanics. There are epidemiological differences when the authors compare ethnic minority groups to whites in the incidence of the disease, the relative importance of transmission routes, and the length of surv…
For the common good: Measuring residents' efforts to protect their community from drug- and sex-related harm
People in high-risk neighbourhoods try to protect their friends, neighbours, relatives and others from the social and physical risks associated with sex and drug use. This paper develops and validates a community-grounded questionnaire to measure such 'intravention' (health-directed efforts to protect others). An initial ethnography, including life-history interviews and focus groups, explored the forms of intravention activities engaged in by re…
Philosophy and Revolution: From Hegel to Sartre and from Marx to Mao
The need for dialectical models as shown in the response to the HIV/Aids epidemic
Argues that strong social analysis can make a large contribution to understanding and fighting HIV/AIDS plus other infective diseases. Contends a global perspective is necessary to rethink our approach to infections as, globally, the virus seems to be strengthening, generally. Describes, through case studies, the transition of HIV outbreaks in South Africa, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Indonesia. Makes the case that HIV/AIDS is deeply tied up in f…
Networks, Norms and Solidaristic/Altruistic Action against Aids among the Demonized
Drug injectors have simultaneously faced a devastating HIV/AIDS epidemic and an intense program of government repression and media demonization known as the “War on Drugs.” We address patterns of association (networks) among drug injectors; how these networks shape their norms toward condom use and safer sex; the extent to which drug injectors take it upon themselves to promulgate safer sex norms to others; and, on a different level of analysis, …
Perspectives on the American Student Movement
The sources of student discontent are the major concern of this paper. It is argued that a major source of this discontent is the alienation (in the Marxist sense) of intellectual labor. Arguments that point to the growth of the multiversity and to the growth of a “liberated generation” are shown to be compatible with and subsumed by this approach. Arguments that point to general political and social issues as the main causes of student unrest ar…
A Qualitative Investigation Comparing Psychosocial and Physical Sexual Experiences Related to Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Adults
Contextual Predictors of Injection Drug Use Among Black Adolescents and Adults in US Metropolitan Areas, 1993–2007
Objectives. We sought to determine whether contextual factors shape injection drug use among Black adolescents and adults. Methods. For this longitudinal study of 95 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), we drew annual MSA-specific estimates of the prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) among Black adolescents and adults in 1993 through 2007 from 3 surveillance databases. We used existing administrative data to measure MSA-level socioeconomic…
Perspectives on the American Student Movement
The sources of student discontent are the major concern of this paper. It is argued that a major source of this discontent is the alienation (in the Marxist sense) of intellectual labor. Arguments that point to the growth of the multiversity and to the growth of a “liberated generation” are shown to be compatible with and subsumed by this approach. Arguments that point to general political and social issues as the main causes of student unrest ar…
An Alternative Model to Szymanski's
Beiträge zur Wissenssoziologie, Beiträge zur Religionssoziologie / Contributions to the Sociology of Knowledge Contributions to the Sociology of Religion
Changes in the Trucking Industry and the Teamsters Union: The Bonapartism of Jimmy Hoffa
The Petty Bourgeoisie, Social Unrest, And the Working Class an Analysis of Class Disappearance and its Effects on Social Unrest and the Community
Which Side Are You On? The Brookside Mine Strike in Harlan County, Kentucky, 1973-1974
Game Theory and Labor Conflict: Limits of Rational Choice Models
Game theory is a type of rational decisionmaking model. As such, it assumes well-defined actors who know they are in conflict, know their strategic options, and have stable evaluations of possible outcomes. Furthermore, it is ahistorical. These assumptions severely limit the theory, particularly in its application to labor conflict. Evidence is presented that labor conflict is an historically-shaped process in which sides are not always clearly d…
Structure, Process, and the Labor Market
Teamster Rank and File: Power, Bureaucracy, and Rebellion at Work and in a Union
Steel, Steelworkers, and Gender
Segmentation and Impoverished Youth
Thoughts about Social Science and Aids
Aids and Self-Organization among Intravenous Drug Users
Gays and intravenous (i.v.) drug users are the two largest risk groups for AIDS. Gays, unlike drug users, have formed many organizations to deal with AIDS. Data are presented indicating that gay individuals have more risk-reducing behavioral changes than have i.v. drug users. It is also shown that i.v. drug users are more likely to protect themselves if their acquaintances do so. It is suggested that collective self-organization can lead to peer …
Public awareness of Aids in Rwanda
The psychology of preventing Aids among intravenous drug users: A social learning conceptualization
The psychology of preventing Aids among intravenous drug users: A social learning conceptualization
Reducing the Risk of Aids Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment
John C. Ball, W. Robert Lange, C. Patrick Myers, Samuel R. Friedman, Reducing the Risk of AIDS Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 214-226
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against Aids in New York City
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against AIDS in New York City Get access Ernest Quimby, Ernest Quimby Correspondence to: Quimby, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel R. Friedman Samuel R. Friedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 36, Issue 4, 1 Oc…
Impact of Aids on Puerto Rican Intravenous Drug Users
This article examines HIV risk for Hispanics, particularly Puerto Ricans who are intravenous (IV) drug users. First, national statistics on AIDS cases as well as major epidemiological studies are analyzed to establish risk, in general, for Hispanics. There are epidemiological differences when the authors compare ethnic minority groups to whites in the incidence of the disease, the relative importance of transmission routes, and the length of surv…
Aids and Legal Access to Sterile Drug Injection Equipment
Legal access to sterile injection equipment has been a primary strategy for preventing the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons who inject illicit drugs in almost all developed countries. This strategy has remained highly controversial in the United States, with only a small number of localities adopting it. This article reviews different techniques of providing legal access—over-the-counter sales and syringe exchanges—researc…
The relevance of drug injectors' social and risk networks for understanding and preventing HIV infection
Street-level drug markets: Network structure and HIV risk
HIV incidence among injecting drug users in New York City syringe-exchange programmes
BACKGROUND: There have been no studies showing that participation in programmes which provide legal access to drug-injection equipment leads to individual-level protection against incident HIV infection. We have compared HIV incidence among injecting drug users participating in syringe-exchange programmes in New York City with that among non-participants. METHODS: We used meta-analytic techniques to combine HIV incidence data from injecting drug …
Syringe-mediated drug sharing among injecting drug users: Patterns, social context and implications for transmission of blood-borne pathogens
Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV among injecting drug users: A quasi-randomised trial
HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (45 works) · Medicine (42 works) · Sociology (30 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (24 works) · Psychiatry (22 works) · Demography (21 works) · Political science (20 works) · Psychology (18 works) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (17 works) · Environmental health (15 works)