Sadahiko Nakajima
Biographic Data
| ID | 3641632 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sadahiko Nakajima |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sadahiko |
| FAMILY NAME | Nakajima |
| SIGNATURE | NAKAJIMA S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Kwansei Gakuin University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0968-2119 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 26 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 21 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Further Attempts to Obtain a Forward Blocking Effect on Running‐Based Taste Aversion Learning in Rats
It is well established that rats acquire an aversion to a taste solution consumed immediately prior to voluntary wheel running, a phenomenon representing a form of Pavlovian aversive conditioning based on a taste–running correlation. Although various behavioral phenomena characteristic of typical Pavlovian preparations have been demonstrated in this setting, evidence for the associative blocking effect remains limited. The present study aimed to …
Prior Running, as Well as Swimming, Hinders Swimming‐Based Taste Aversion Learning in Rats
Running in an exercise wheel or swimming in a water pool endows rats with a conditioned aversion to a taste substance consumed before the activity. The present study explores the psychophysiological processes underlying these activity‐based taste aversions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that prior experience of running or swimming (i.e., familiarization) hinders subsequent taste aversion learning based on swimming in rats, implying a similar psychoph…
Male and Female Laboratory Rats Equally Acquire Running‐Based Flavor‐Aversion Learning 1
Laboratory rats can be conditioned to shy away from a flavored substance consumed immediately before running in activity wheels, suggesting flavor‐aversion learning. We examined whether the factor of sex impacted running‐based flavor‐aversion learning. A differential conditioning procedure was employed in Experiment 1: The measure of learning was the degree of differentiation in the intake of a target flavor solution paired with running and an un…
Taste Aversion Learning Based on Swimming and Lithium Chloride Injection in Rats
In rats, swimming causes avoidance of the taste solution consumed immediately before the swimming. Several lines of research have shown that this taste avoidance reflects Pavlovian conditioned aversion based on correlations between the taste and swimming‐induced nausea. The present research compared swimming‐based taste aversion learning (TAL) with conventional TAL based on nausea‐inducing lithium chloride (LiCl). By exploiting cross‐familiarizat…
Further Evidence for Swimming‐Based Pica in Rats
Aberrant pica behavior (i.e., kaolin clay ingestion) has been regarded as a behavioral marker of nausea in rats that cannot vomit because of anatomical and/or neural reasons. The previous study reported that a single swimming session of 40 min generated pica behavior, implying that swimming induces nausea in rats. However, the rats tested in that report were not experimentally naive. The present study successfully replicated swimming‐based pica w…
Running induces nausea in rats
Running-based pica in rats. Evidence for the gastrointestinal discomfort hypothesis of running-based taste aversion
Dogs and Owners Resemble Each Other in the Eye Region
Although several studies have shown perceived facial resemblance between photos of purebred dogs and their owners, none of these studies has clarified which part of the face is critical for such an impression to arise. The series of experiments presented here identified the critical feature underlying the perceived dog–owner facial resemblance. In total, 502 Japanese undergraduate students participated in the study. Two sets of 20 dog–owner photo…
Calorie supply does not alleviate running-based taste aversion learning in rats
Dogs Look Like Their Owners
Previous studies conducted in the United States and Venezuela have demonstrated that people can correctly match portraits of unknown purebred dogs with their owners at statistically significant levels, suggesting that the popular belief in dog–owner physical resemblance is empirically valid. We investigated the perceived physical resemblance of dog–owner pairs in Japan, where the owners are racially more homogenous than in the countries in which …
Sensory Preconditioning, the Espinet Effect, and Heider's Balance Theory
Sensory preconditioning and the Espinet effect illustrate that animals can reason about event relations. In sensory preconditioning, a combination of positive A-B and B-C relations yields a positive A-C relation. In the Espinet effect, a combination of a negative A-B relation and a positive B-C relation yields a negative A-C relation. Using analogies of Heider's balance theory of human attitudes, we predict that nonhuman animals would also infer …
Sensory Preconditioning, the Espinet Effect, and Heider's Balance Theory
Associative learning in animals
This article addressed several important topics in the field of associative learning in nonhuman animals: event contingency, associative retardation (learned helplessness and irrelevance), occasion setting, renewal of extinguished responses, acquired equivalence and distinctiveness, differential outcome effect, and retrospective inference. These topics have been studied with Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning preparations as behavioral test …
Conditioned ethanol aversion in rats induced by voluntary wheel running, forced swimming, and electric shock
Estimation of animal intelligence by university students in Japan and the United States
Japanese and American university students rated the intelligence of 56 animals relative to that of humans. In general, American students (n=104) rated animal intelligence higher than did Japanese students (n=235), and females rated intelligence higher than did males. In spite of these differences among groups, the general patterns of ratings were almost identical: The correlation coefficients of the male–female comparisons were 0.99 in both count…
The effect of on‐ or off‐line extinction of a first‐order conditioned stimulus on a second‐order conditioned response in rats
In a water‐licking experiment with rats, the effects of the extinction of a first‐order conditioned stimulus (CS1) on the suppression of licking established for a second‐order conditioned stimulus (CS2) were explored. Extinction of the first‐order conditioned response (CR1) attenuated the conditioned suppression induced by CS2 when the rats had been allowed to lick water during the CR1 extinction phase. However, if water had been unavailable duri…
Panel-Touch Behavior of Horses Established by an Autoshaping Procedure
Panel-touch behavior of 3 geldings was successfully established by a response-termination type of autoshaping procedure. An omission or negative contingency introduced after the training of an animal, however, decreased the response rate to a near-zero level
Summation of Overshadowing and Latent Inhibition in Rats» Conditioned Taste Aversion
Signaled reinforcement effects on fixed‐interval performance of rats with lever depressing or releasing as a target response
The effect of a diffuse auditory signal filling a brief delay between a response and reinforcement depends upon the nature of the trained target response. Rats in a signaled condition responded slower than rats in an unsignaled condition if the target response was lever release. If the target response was lever depression, however, rats in the signaled condition responded faster than rats in the unsignaled condition at the end of training
Failure of Retrospective Inference in Rats' Taste Aversion
Three experiments explored the possibility of retrospective inference in the rat. Experiment 1 revealed that poisoning of an element of a taste compound after single compound poisoning enhanced aversion to the other element, and that presentation of an element without poison after the compound poisoning reduced aversion to the other element. These results were opposite to those predicted by retrospective inference. Experiment 2 eliminated some co…
A way to install conditioned modulation in the Rescorla-Wagner Axiom
Estimation of animal intelligence by university students in Japan and the United States
Japanese and American university students rated the intelligence of 56 animals relative to that of humans. In general, American students (n=104) rated animal intelligence higher than did Japanese students (n=235), and females rated intelligence higher than did males. In spite of these differences among groups, the general patterns of ratings were almost identical: The correlation coefficients of the male–female comparisons were 0.99 in both count…
Calorie supply does not alleviate running-based taste aversion learning in rats
Dogs Look Like Their Owners
Previous studies conducted in the United States and Venezuela have demonstrated that people can correctly match portraits of unknown purebred dogs with their owners at statistically significant levels, suggesting that the popular belief in dog–owner physical resemblance is empirically valid. We investigated the perceived physical resemblance of dog–owner pairs in Japan, where the owners are racially more homogenous than in the countries in which …
Conditioned ethanol aversion in rats induced by voluntary wheel running, forced swimming, and electric shock
Running-based pica in rats. Evidence for the gastrointestinal discomfort hypothesis of running-based taste aversion
Failure of Retrospective Inference in Rats' Taste Aversion
Three experiments explored the possibility of retrospective inference in the rat. Experiment 1 revealed that poisoning of an element of a taste compound after single compound poisoning enhanced aversion to the other element, and that presentation of an element without poison after the compound poisoning reduced aversion to the other element. These results were opposite to those predicted by retrospective inference. Experiment 2 eliminated some co…
A way to install conditioned modulation in the Rescorla-Wagner Axiom
Signaled reinforcement effects on fixed‐interval performance of rats with lever depressing or releasing as a target response
The effect of a diffuse auditory signal filling a brief delay between a response and reinforcement depends upon the nature of the trained target response. Rats in a signaled condition responded slower than rats in an unsignaled condition if the target response was lever release. If the target response was lever depression, however, rats in the signaled condition responded faster than rats in the unsignaled condition at the end of training
Panel-Touch Behavior of Horses Established by an Autoshaping Procedure
Panel-touch behavior of 3 geldings was successfully established by a response-termination type of autoshaping procedure. An omission or negative contingency introduced after the training of an animal, however, decreased the response rate to a near-zero level
Summation of Overshadowing and Latent Inhibition in Rats» Conditioned Taste Aversion
The effect of on‐ or off‐line extinction of a first‐order conditioned stimulus on a second‐order conditioned response in rats
In a water‐licking experiment with rats, the effects of the extinction of a first‐order conditioned stimulus (CS1) on the suppression of licking established for a second‐order conditioned stimulus (CS2) were explored. Extinction of the first‐order conditioned response (CR1) attenuated the conditioned suppression induced by CS2 when the rats had been allowed to lick water during the CR1 extinction phase. However, if water had been unavailable duri…
Estimation of animal intelligence by university students in Japan and the United States
Japanese and American university students rated the intelligence of 56 animals relative to that of humans. In general, American students (n=104) rated animal intelligence higher than did Japanese students (n=235), and females rated intelligence higher than did males. In spite of these differences among groups, the general patterns of ratings were almost identical: The correlation coefficients of the male–female comparisons were 0.99 in both count…
Associative learning in animals
This article addressed several important topics in the field of associative learning in nonhuman animals: event contingency, associative retardation (learned helplessness and irrelevance), occasion setting, renewal of extinguished responses, acquired equivalence and distinctiveness, differential outcome effect, and retrospective inference. These topics have been studied with Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning preparations as behavioral test …
Conditioned ethanol aversion in rats induced by voluntary wheel running, forced swimming, and electric shock
Sensory Preconditioning, the Espinet Effect, and Heider's Balance Theory
Sensory preconditioning and the Espinet effect illustrate that animals can reason about event relations. In sensory preconditioning, a combination of positive A-B and B-C relations yields a positive A-C relation. In the Espinet effect, a combination of a negative A-B relation and a positive B-C relation yields a negative A-C relation. Using analogies of Heider's balance theory of human attitudes, we predict that nonhuman animals would also infer …
Sensory Preconditioning, the Espinet Effect, and Heider's Balance Theory
Dogs Look Like Their Owners
Previous studies conducted in the United States and Venezuela have demonstrated that people can correctly match portraits of unknown purebred dogs with their owners at statistically significant levels, suggesting that the popular belief in dog–owner physical resemblance is empirically valid. We investigated the perceived physical resemblance of dog–owner pairs in Japan, where the owners are racially more homogenous than in the countries in which …
Calorie supply does not alleviate running-based taste aversion learning in rats
Dogs and Owners Resemble Each Other in the Eye Region
Although several studies have shown perceived facial resemblance between photos of purebred dogs and their owners, none of these studies has clarified which part of the face is critical for such an impression to arise. The series of experiments presented here identified the critical feature underlying the perceived dog–owner facial resemblance. In total, 502 Japanese undergraduate students participated in the study. Two sets of 20 dog–owner photo…
Running-based pica in rats. Evidence for the gastrointestinal discomfort hypothesis of running-based taste aversion
Running induces nausea in rats
Further Evidence for Swimming‐Based Pica in Rats
Aberrant pica behavior (i.e., kaolin clay ingestion) has been regarded as a behavioral marker of nausea in rats that cannot vomit because of anatomical and/or neural reasons. The previous study reported that a single swimming session of 40 min generated pica behavior, implying that swimming induces nausea in rats. However, the rats tested in that report were not experimentally naive. The present study successfully replicated swimming‐based pica w…
Taste Aversion Learning Based on Swimming and Lithium Chloride Injection in Rats
In rats, swimming causes avoidance of the taste solution consumed immediately before the swimming. Several lines of research have shown that this taste avoidance reflects Pavlovian conditioned aversion based on correlations between the taste and swimming‐induced nausea. The present research compared swimming‐based taste aversion learning (TAL) with conventional TAL based on nausea‐inducing lithium chloride (LiCl). By exploiting cross‐familiarizat…
Male and Female Laboratory Rats Equally Acquire Running‐Based Flavor‐Aversion Learning 1
Laboratory rats can be conditioned to shy away from a flavored substance consumed immediately before running in activity wheels, suggesting flavor‐aversion learning. We examined whether the factor of sex impacted running‐based flavor‐aversion learning. A differential conditioning procedure was employed in Experiment 1: The measure of learning was the degree of differentiation in the intake of a target flavor solution paired with running and an un…
Prior Running, as Well as Swimming, Hinders Swimming‐Based Taste Aversion Learning in Rats
Running in an exercise wheel or swimming in a water pool endows rats with a conditioned aversion to a taste substance consumed before the activity. The present study explores the psychophysiological processes underlying these activity‐based taste aversions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that prior experience of running or swimming (i.e., familiarization) hinders subsequent taste aversion learning based on swimming in rats, implying a similar psychoph…
Further Attempts to Obtain a Forward Blocking Effect on Running‐Based Taste Aversion Learning in Rats
It is well established that rats acquire an aversion to a taste solution consumed immediately prior to voluntary wheel running, a phenomenon representing a form of Pavlovian aversive conditioning based on a taste–running correlation. Although various behavioral phenomena characteristic of typical Pavlovian preparations have been demonstrated in this setting, evidence for the associative blocking effect remains limited. The present study aimed to …
Psychology (20 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Neuroscience (11 works) · Taste aversion (9 works) · Memory and Neural Mechanisms (8 works) · Taste (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works) · Biology (6 works)