F Brock
Biographic Data
| ID | 3644433 |
|---|---|
| NAME | F Brock |
| GIVEN NAMES | F |
| FAMILY NAME | Brock |
| SIGNATURE | BROCK F |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 133 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 9 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Successfully Dating Rock Art in Southern Africa Using Improved Sampling Methods and New Characterization and Pretreatment Protocols
Worldwide, dating rock art is difficult to achieve because of the frequent lack of datable material and the difficulty of removing contamination from samples. Our research aimed to select the paints that would be the most likely to be successfully radiocarbon dated and to estimate the quantity of paint needed depending on the nature of the paint and the weathering and alteration products associated with it. To achieve this aim, a two-step samplin…
Carbon Exchanges between Bone Apatite and Fuels during Cremation
An important advance in the radiocarbon dating of archaeological material occurred in the late 1990s, with direct dating of cremated human remains. A crucial part of the argument was the demonstration that comparable results could be obtained from paired dates of charcoal and calcined bone from the same contexts. Recent studies, however, have noted the influence of carbon from the fuel sources, raising a question over the interpretation of the pa…
Analysis of Bone “Collagen” Extraction Products for Radiocarbon Dating
Archaeological bones are now routinely dated in many radiocarbon laboratories through the extraction of “collagen.” Methods for “collagen” extraction vary, and several laboratories now apply an ultrafiltration step after gelatinization to extract the higher molecular weight (usually >10 or 30kDa) fraction for dating, thereby removing low molecular weight contaminants. Ultrafiltration has been demonstrated to result in products that are easier to …
Assessment of Infinite-Age Bones from the Upper Thames Valley, UK, as 14C Background Standards
It is becoming increasingly clear that in order to generate accurate radiocarbon dates for bone collagen samples it is important to determine a sample-specific background correction to account for the greater complexity and higher number of steps in the pretreatment chemistry of this material. To provide suitable samples for the 14 C community, 7 bone samples were obtained from contexts within British gravel quarries, which according to other dat…
Assessment of Infinite-Age Bones from the Upper Thames Valley, UK, as 14 C Background Standards
It is becoming increasingly clear that in order to generate accurate radiocarbon dates for bone collagen samples it is important to determine a sample-specific background correction to account for the greater complexity and higher number of steps in the pretreatment chemistry of this material. To provide suitable samples for the 14 C community, 7 bone samples were obtained from contexts within British gravel quarries, which according to other dat…
Using a Silica Substrate to Monitor the Effectiveness of Radiocarbon Pretreatment
The objective of radiocarbon pretreatment is to eliminate any contaminant carbon from the sample material. Solvent washes and acid-base-acid (ABA) procedures are widely used for this purpose. However, quantitatively analyzing their effectiveness is surprisingly problematic, as it often requires large numbers of 14 C measurements or high-precision compositional analysis. The technique presented here involves monitoring the impact of different form…
An Improved Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Black Pigments in San Rock Art
The dating of South African rock art using radiocarbon is a considerable challenge and only 1 direct date has so far been obtained, on black pigments from Sonia's Cave Upper, Boontjieskloof. The main problem with direct dating these paintings is the presence of calcium oxalates behind, on, and within the pigment layers. Calcium oxalates are formed through lichen and bacterial action on the rock face. These reactions can sometimes take place over …
Hydropyrolysis
Charcoal is the result of natural and anthropogenic burning events, when biomass is exposed to elevated temperatures under conditions of restricted oxygen. This process produces a range of materials, collectively known as pyrogenic carbon, the most inert fraction of which is known as black carbon (BC). BC degrades extremely slowly and is resistant to diagenetic alteration involving the addition of exogenous carbon, making it a useful target subst…
AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Paleolithic-Aged Charcoal from Europe and the Mediterranean Rim Using ABOx-SC
Radiocarbon dating of charcoal >25–30 kyr can be problematic due to contamination from exogeneous carbon and the variable effectiveness of 14 C pretreatments to remove it. Bird et al. (1999) developed the ABOx-SC (acid-base-oxidation-stepped combustion) method for removing contaminants from older charcoal samples, which involves a harsher treatment than traditional acid-base-acid (ABA) pretreatments. This method has been shown to considerably imp…
Carbon Exchanges between Bone Apatite and Fuels during Cremation
An important advance in the radiocarbon dating of archaeological material occurred in the late 1990s, with direct dating of cremated human remains. A crucial part of the argument was the demonstration that comparable results could be obtained from paired dates of charcoal and calcined bone from the same contexts. Recent studies, however, have noted the influence of carbon from the fuel sources, raising a question over the interpretation of the pa…
AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Paleolithic-Aged Charcoal from Europe and the Mediterranean Rim Using ABOx-SC
Radiocarbon dating of charcoal >25–30 kyr can be problematic due to contamination from exogeneous carbon and the variable effectiveness of 14 C pretreatments to remove it. Bird et al. (1999) developed the ABOx-SC (acid-base-oxidation-stepped combustion) method for removing contaminants from older charcoal samples, which involves a harsher treatment than traditional acid-base-acid (ABA) pretreatments. This method has been shown to considerably imp…
Analysis of Bone “Collagen” Extraction Products for Radiocarbon Dating
Archaeological bones are now routinely dated in many radiocarbon laboratories through the extraction of “collagen.” Methods for “collagen” extraction vary, and several laboratories now apply an ultrafiltration step after gelatinization to extract the higher molecular weight (usually >10 or 30kDa) fraction for dating, thereby removing low molecular weight contaminants. Ultrafiltration has been demonstrated to result in products that are easier to …
Hydropyrolysis
Charcoal is the result of natural and anthropogenic burning events, when biomass is exposed to elevated temperatures under conditions of restricted oxygen. This process produces a range of materials, collectively known as pyrogenic carbon, the most inert fraction of which is known as black carbon (BC). BC degrades extremely slowly and is resistant to diagenetic alteration involving the addition of exogenous carbon, making it a useful target subst…
An Improved Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Black Pigments in San Rock Art
The dating of South African rock art using radiocarbon is a considerable challenge and only 1 direct date has so far been obtained, on black pigments from Sonia's Cave Upper, Boontjieskloof. The main problem with direct dating these paintings is the presence of calcium oxalates behind, on, and within the pigment layers. Calcium oxalates are formed through lichen and bacterial action on the rock face. These reactions can sometimes take place over …
Successfully Dating Rock Art in Southern Africa Using Improved Sampling Methods and New Characterization and Pretreatment Protocols
Worldwide, dating rock art is difficult to achieve because of the frequent lack of datable material and the difficulty of removing contamination from samples. Our research aimed to select the paints that would be the most likely to be successfully radiocarbon dated and to estimate the quantity of paint needed depending on the nature of the paint and the weathering and alteration products associated with it. To achieve this aim, a two-step samplin…
Assessment of Infinite-Age Bones from the Upper Thames Valley, UK, as 14 C Background Standards
It is becoming increasingly clear that in order to generate accurate radiocarbon dates for bone collagen samples it is important to determine a sample-specific background correction to account for the greater complexity and higher number of steps in the pretreatment chemistry of this material. To provide suitable samples for the 14 C community, 7 bone samples were obtained from contexts within British gravel quarries, which according to other dat…
Using a Silica Substrate to Monitor the Effectiveness of Radiocarbon Pretreatment
The objective of radiocarbon pretreatment is to eliminate any contaminant carbon from the sample material. Solvent washes and acid-base-acid (ABA) procedures are widely used for this purpose. However, quantitatively analyzing their effectiveness is surprisingly problematic, as it often requires large numbers of 14 C measurements or high-precision compositional analysis. The technique presented here involves monitoring the impact of different form…
AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Paleolithic-Aged Charcoal from Europe and the Mediterranean Rim Using ABOx-SC
Radiocarbon dating of charcoal >25–30 kyr can be problematic due to contamination from exogeneous carbon and the variable effectiveness of 14 C pretreatments to remove it. Bird et al. (1999) developed the ABOx-SC (acid-base-oxidation-stepped combustion) method for removing contaminants from older charcoal samples, which involves a harsher treatment than traditional acid-base-acid (ABA) pretreatments. This method has been shown to considerably imp…
Hydropyrolysis
Charcoal is the result of natural and anthropogenic burning events, when biomass is exposed to elevated temperatures under conditions of restricted oxygen. This process produces a range of materials, collectively known as pyrogenic carbon, the most inert fraction of which is known as black carbon (BC). BC degrades extremely slowly and is resistant to diagenetic alteration involving the addition of exogenous carbon, making it a useful target subst…
Using a Silica Substrate to Monitor the Effectiveness of Radiocarbon Pretreatment
The objective of radiocarbon pretreatment is to eliminate any contaminant carbon from the sample material. Solvent washes and acid-base-acid (ABA) procedures are widely used for this purpose. However, quantitatively analyzing their effectiveness is surprisingly problematic, as it often requires large numbers of 14 C measurements or high-precision compositional analysis. The technique presented here involves monitoring the impact of different form…
An Improved Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Black Pigments in San Rock Art
The dating of South African rock art using radiocarbon is a considerable challenge and only 1 direct date has so far been obtained, on black pigments from Sonia's Cave Upper, Boontjieskloof. The main problem with direct dating these paintings is the presence of calcium oxalates behind, on, and within the pigment layers. Calcium oxalates are formed through lichen and bacterial action on the rock face. These reactions can sometimes take place over …
Assessment of Infinite-Age Bones from the Upper Thames Valley, UK, as 14C Background Standards
It is becoming increasingly clear that in order to generate accurate radiocarbon dates for bone collagen samples it is important to determine a sample-specific background correction to account for the greater complexity and higher number of steps in the pretreatment chemistry of this material. To provide suitable samples for the 14 C community, 7 bone samples were obtained from contexts within British gravel quarries, which according to other dat…
Assessment of Infinite-Age Bones from the Upper Thames Valley, UK, as 14 C Background Standards
It is becoming increasingly clear that in order to generate accurate radiocarbon dates for bone collagen samples it is important to determine a sample-specific background correction to account for the greater complexity and higher number of steps in the pretreatment chemistry of this material. To provide suitable samples for the 14 C community, 7 bone samples were obtained from contexts within British gravel quarries, which according to other dat…
Analysis of Bone “Collagen” Extraction Products for Radiocarbon Dating
Archaeological bones are now routinely dated in many radiocarbon laboratories through the extraction of “collagen.” Methods for “collagen” extraction vary, and several laboratories now apply an ultrafiltration step after gelatinization to extract the higher molecular weight (usually >10 or 30kDa) fraction for dating, thereby removing low molecular weight contaminants. Ultrafiltration has been demonstrated to result in products that are easier to …
Carbon Exchanges between Bone Apatite and Fuels during Cremation
An important advance in the radiocarbon dating of archaeological material occurred in the late 1990s, with direct dating of cremated human remains. A crucial part of the argument was the demonstration that comparable results could be obtained from paired dates of charcoal and calcined bone from the same contexts. Recent studies, however, have noted the influence of carbon from the fuel sources, raising a question over the interpretation of the pa…
Successfully Dating Rock Art in Southern Africa Using Improved Sampling Methods and New Characterization and Pretreatment Protocols
Worldwide, dating rock art is difficult to achieve because of the frequent lack of datable material and the difficulty of removing contamination from samples. Our research aimed to select the paints that would be the most likely to be successfully radiocarbon dated and to estimate the quantity of paint needed depending on the nature of the paint and the weathering and alteration products associated with it. To achieve this aim, a two-step samplin…
Geology (9 works) · Radiocarbon dating (9 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (8 works) · Chemistry (8 works) · Archaeology (6 works) · Geography (6 works) · Mineralogy (5 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (5 works) · Materials Science (4 works) · Charcoal (3 works)