June Crawford
Biographic Data
| ID | 3653703 |
|---|---|
| NAME | June Crawford |
| GIVEN NAMES | June |
| FAMILY NAME | Crawford |
| SIGNATURE | CRAWFORD J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Macquarie University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 207 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Unprotected anal intercourse, risk reduction behaviours, and subsequent HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual men
OBJECTIVE: A range of risk reduction behaviours in which homosexual men practise unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) has been described. We aimed to assess the extent of any reduction in HIV risk associated with these behaviours. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. METHODS: Men were followed up with 6-monthly detailed behavioural interviews and annual testing for HIV. The four risk reduction beha…
Gay men's current practice of HIV seroconcordant unprotected anal intercourse: Serosorting or seroguessing
We explored seroguessing (serosorting based on the assumption of HIV seroconcordance) and casual unprotected anal intercourse (UAIC) associated with seroguessing. The ongoing Positive Health and Health in Men cohorts, Australia, provided data for trends in seroconcordant UAIC and HIV disclosure to sex partners. In event-level analyses, we used log-binomial regression adjusted for within-individual correlation and estimated prevalence rate ratios …
Increases in Unprotected Anal Intercourse with Serodiscordant Casual Partners Among HIV-Negative Gay Men in Sydney
Marijuana as therapy for people living with HIV/Aids: Social and health aspects
Therapeutic use of marijuana has emerged as an important issue for people living with cancer, HIV/AIDS and multiple sclerosis. This paper examines therapeutic use of marijuana in the Positive Health cohort study, a longitudinal cohort study of men and women living with HIV/AIDS in NSW and Victoria, Australia. Factors that distinguish therapeutic use of marijuana from recreational use were assessed by comparisons on a range of social and health-re…
Differences between HIV-positive gay men who ‘frequently’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ engage in unprotected anal intercourse with serononconcordant casual partners: Positive Health cohort, Australia
By measuring the actual number of risk acts engaged in by HIV-positive men participating in the Positive Health (PH) cohort study, this paper sets out to document the distribution of risk acts, to report on the proportion of acts of unprotected anal intercourse with casual (UAIC) partners that occurred between HIV-positive men (i.e. seroconcordant positive) and to examine the factors that differentiated men who 'frequently' compared with 'sometim…
Mapping the intellectual labour process
The sociology of intellectuals needs analysis of the intellectual labour force. A survey of 500 intellectual workers identified three distinct dimensions of the labour process: involvement with technology, autonomy, and involvement in the organizational world. Clear differences between institutional sectors negate the 'convergence' thesis. A degree of proletarianization in the intellectual work-force occurs, but only in limited groups. An alterna…
HIV risk and communication between regular partners in a cohort of HIV-negative gay men
This paper reports on the breaking of agreements between regular partners among HIV-negative gay men in Sydney. Data were from the 1333 men completing face-to-face interviews through December 2003 for the Health in Men (HIM) open cohort of HIV-negative gay men in Sydney.822 men had a primary regular partner during the six month period before their 2003 interview. Most of these men had entered into agreements with their partners about sex either w…
Differences between men who report frequent, occasional or no unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners among a cohort of HIV-seronegative gay men in Sydney, Australia
Past research on unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (UAIC) contrasts those who report no UAIC with any UAIC. This paper examines differences among three groups of men who had any UAIC on the basis of the number of UAIC acts reported in a six-month period, namely no UAIC (n = 507), occasional UAIC (1-5 acts, n = 251) and frequent UAIC (more than 5 acts, n = 148). The occasional UAIC group had values lying between those of the no- an…
Number of Risk Acts by Relationship Status and Partner Serostatus: Findings from the HIM Cohort of Homosexually Active Men in Sydney, Australia
Factors Associated with 'Feeling Suicidal: The Role of Sexual Identity
This paper examines factors associated with feeling suicidal in a large sample of urban men in Sydney and Melbourne, aged 18-50, including heterosexual, gay and bisexual men, HIV antibody positive and HIV antibody negative. As in previous research, sexuality (being homosexual or bisexual) was found to be a major predictor of suicidality. The research went some way towards explaining the close relationship between feeling suicidal and sexual orien…
Medical vectors: Surgical HIV transmission and the location of culpability
Stability and Change in Sexual Practices among First-Year Australian University Students (1990–1999)
Are we postmodern yet? The cultural politics of Australian intellectual workers
Intellectuals are often thought strategic in social change, but theories of postmodernity and globalisation call traditional accounts of the intelligentsia into question. A survey of 500 intellectual workers in Australia explored these questions. Two dimensions in cultural politics were identified, and indices of 'Support of Market' and 'Cultural Optimism' constructed. Bivariate and multivariate relations with demographic background, labour proce…
The Global Connections of Intellectual Workers: An Australian Study
The sociology of intellectuals, long focused on the metropole, needs to move to a world scale. Study of global connections in the intellectual labour process is the most promising way. In this article, a method is developed for defining the intellectual labour force and studying its international participation. Results are presented from a survey of 500 Australian intellectual workers. Within this workforce, international connections are common a…
Increasing proportions of Australian gay and homosexually active men engage in unprotected anal intercourse with regular and with casual partners
We examined trends in sexual practice among gay and homosexually active men in Australia. Self-complete questionnaires were distributed with mail-order sex video catalogues in 2000 and returned anonymously through a reply-paid facility. The data were compared with those from men who responded to promotional material sent out with the same catalogues and who participated in national telephone surveys of men who have sex with men conducted in 1992 …
In a minority of gay men, sexual risk practice indicates strategic positioning for perceived risk reduction rather than unbridled sex
The aim of this analysis was to examine gay men's sexual risk practice to determine patterns of risk management. Ten cross-sectional surveys of gay men were conducted six-monthly from February 1996 to August 2000 at Sydney gay community social, sex-on-premises and sexual health sites (average n = 827). Every February during this period, five identical surveys were conducted at the annual Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Fair Day (average n = 1178). Amo…
Negotiated safety and other agreements between men in relationships: Risk practice redefined
This study examines patterns of agreement, knowledge and practice which can prevent or facilitate HIV transmission among men who are in regular ('primary') male-to-male relationships. Data are from a national volunteer phone-in survey of homosexually-active men in Australia. A sub-sample of 1070 men from a larger sample ( n=3039) were found to have one or more regular partners for longer than 6 months. Self-reported HIV serostatus of survey parti…
A scale of optimism-scepticism in the context of HIV treatments
The aim of this research was to develop a brief scale of gay men's optimism-scepticism in the context of new HIV treatments. Following comprehensive literature search and communication with other researchers, 34 items about viral load testing, HIV therapies and concern about HIV infection were generated. By way of anonymous, self-complete questionnaires, these items were put to 532 gay men recruited at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Fair D…
Cultures of sexual adventurism as markers of HIV seroconversion: A case control study in a cohort of Sydney gay men
A case control analysis within an ongoing cohort study was used to examine differences between seroconverters and men who remained HIV-negative. The cases were interviewed within one to 13 months prior to their seroconversion. Their responses to a structured questionnaire were compared with those of HIV-negative controls drawn from the same time period and from the same longitudinal study, Sydney Men and Sexual Health. Data collected from both ca…
Sexual negotiation in the Aids era: Negotiated Safety Revisited
OBJECTIVE: To test the safety of the 'negotiated safety' strategy-the strategy of dispensing with condoms within HIV-seronegative concordant regular sexual relationships under certain conditions. METHOD: Data from recently recruited cohort of homosexually active men (Sydney Men and Sexual Health cohort, n = 1037) are used to revisit negotiated safety. The men were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and questions addressing their sexual rel…
Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse in gay men's casual partnerships in Sydney, Australia
We assessed the factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse in gay men's casual partnerships, using data from a longitudinal cohort study ongoing since October 1992. Participants were recruited through gay community and a variety of other sources and interviewed for the Sydney Men and Sexual Health study. Of 1,037 interviewees at outset, 834 men had casual partners during the six months prior to interview; 609 had any anal intercourse wi…
A comparative demographic and sexual profile of older homosexually active men
Our analysis draws a comparative profile of older homosexually active men. For an Australian national telephone survey (Project Male‐Call), 2,583 homosexually active men were interviewed. Questions about demographics, types of sexual partners, attachment to gay community, HIV/AIDS, and sexual practices were asked. About 10% (n = 256) of the Male‐Call men were over 49years. These older men were likely to live alone (52.7%), to be or have been marr…
Trends in heterosexual tertiary students' knowledge of HIV and intentions to avoid people who might have HIV
This study investigated trends in HIV knowledge and endorsement of social avoidance of people who might be infected with HIV. The respondents (n = 7387) were self-identified heterosexual students. Most of them (n = 6500) were first-year behavioural or biological sciences students from annual surveys (1988-1995) at Macquarie University. The others (n = 887) were from four biennial (1987-1993) random samples of all students below 30 years of age at…
Going Down: Oral Sex, Imaginary Bodies and HIV
Dirty, diseased and undeserving: The positioning of HIV positive women
Dirty, diseased and undeserving: The positioning of HIV positive women
Women negotiating heterosex
Women's Sex Talk and Men's Sex Talk: Different Worlds
Communication in heterosexual encounters is often problematic, particularly front the perspective of the woman involved. In examining what renders such communication problematic, this article argues that both hegemonic discourses and particular interpersonal contexts need to be taken into account. Communication and negotiation take place in the intersubjective realm, the space where human beings make sense of their experience. An analysis of memo…
Research note: Heterosexual men and 'safe sex' practice
(AIDS Research Unit, Macquarie University, New South Wales)IntroductionThis research note documents part of a continuing research project intothe dynamics of sexual negotiation between men and women, which aimsto specify possible mechanisms for the transformation of sexual practicein the direction of safer sex (Kippax et al 1990; Crawford et al 1990;Waldby et al 1990; Waldby et al 1991). At this point in the history of theAIDS epidemic the gay co…
A comparative demographic and sexual profile of older homosexually active men
Our analysis draws a comparative profile of older homosexually active men. For an Australian national telephone survey (Project Male‐Call), 2,583 homosexually active men were interviewed. Questions about demographics, types of sexual partners, attachment to gay community, HIV/AIDS, and sexual practices were asked. About 10% (n = 256) of the Male‐Call men were over 49years. These older men were likely to live alone (52.7%), to be or have been marr…
Theory in the Bedroom: A Report from the Macquarie University Aids and Heterosexuality Project
The political and social questions raised by AIDS/HIV are particularly complex ones, concerned as they are with changing the sexual practices of both the heterosexual and the homosexual population. In many ways these questions have tested the limits of orthodox policy‐making processes. The Macquarie University ‘AIDS and Heterosexuality’ project is one of a small number of research projects which have attempted both to analyse critically existing …
The Global Connections of Intellectual Workers: An Australian Study
The sociology of intellectuals, long focused on the metropole, needs to move to a world scale. Study of global connections in the intellectual labour process is the most promising way. In this article, a method is developed for defining the intellectual labour force and studying its international participation. Results are presented from a survey of 500 Australian intellectual workers. Within this workforce, international connections are common a…
Faking it
Equality and eroticism: Aids and the active/passive distinction
Facing the Epidemic: Changes in the Sexual Lives of Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia and Their Implications for Aids Prevention Strategies
A 1986-87 field survey of 535 gay and bisexual men in Australia examined changes in social relationships and in sexual conduct in response to the HIV epidemic. Results show the framework of sexual relationships changing little, though many men have moved between types of relationships. Reducing the incidence of sexual contact and being more selective about partners are common. Widespread change towards safe sex is reported; the repertoire is cont…
Factors Associated with 'Feeling Suicidal: The Role of Sexual Identity
This paper examines factors associated with feeling suicidal in a large sample of urban men in Sydney and Melbourne, aged 18-50, including heterosexual, gay and bisexual men, HIV antibody positive and HIV antibody negative. As in previous research, sexuality (being homosexual or bisexual) was found to be a major predictor of suicidality. The research went some way towards explaining the close relationship between feeling suicidal and sexual orien…
Going Down: Oral Sex, Imaginary Bodies and HIV
Women theorising their experiences of anger: A study using memory-work
This paper represents part of an ongoing project on the social construction of emotion. Although our general findings are that emotions are complex and difficult to separate from one another, this paper focuses on anger - an emotion which presents problems for women. The theories used include social constructionism and the theory-and-method of memory-work developed by Haug (1987). Memory-work is a method of enquiry which is collective, subjective…
Are we postmodern yet? The cultural politics of Australian intellectual workers
Intellectuals are often thought strategic in social change, but theories of postmodernity and globalisation call traditional accounts of the intelligentsia into question. A survey of 500 intellectual workers in Australia explored these questions. Two dimensions in cultural politics were identified, and indices of 'Support of Market' and 'Cultural Optimism' constructed. Bivariate and multivariate relations with demographic background, labour proce…
Stability and Change in Sexual Practices among First-Year Australian University Students (1990–1999)
Gay Men's Knowledge of HIV Transmission and ‘Safe’ Sex: A Question of Accuracy
The study described in this paper is part of a project assessing the impact of the HIV epidemic on 535 men who have sex with men. These men were surveyed about their knowledge of HIV, their sexual practices, other issues concerning the transmission of HIV, and AIDS. This paper focuses on these men's beliefs about HIV transmission, their perceptions of the safety of a number of sexual and social practices, and the factors influencing these percept…
Mapping the intellectual labour process
The sociology of intellectuals needs analysis of the intellectual labour force. A survey of 500 intellectual workers identified three distinct dimensions of the labour process: involvement with technology, autonomy, and involvement in the organizational world. Clear differences between institutional sectors negate the 'convergence' thesis. A degree of proletarianization in the intellectual work-force occurs, but only in limited groups. An alterna…
Medical vectors: Surgical HIV transmission and the location of culpability
Moving The Mentally Ill Into The Community: The Problem Of Acceptance And The Effect Of Contact
Community acceptance of the mentally ill is fundamental to a successful change to community‐based care, now being implemented in New South Wales. This policy was based on an inquiry that viewed acceptance optimistically and postulated that contact with the mentally ill would be a favourable influence. The applicability of this extension of the ‘contact hypothesis’ from its original racial context is tested in one area of Sydney. The results indic…
Beliefs about Memory in the Aged
Beliefs about memory in the aged were measured across two cultures (58 Sumatrans and 62 residents of Sydney, Australia) for both young (20-59 years) and old (60+) subjects. Sixteen items of common knowledge were selected and matched by back translation to measure (a) beliefs about capacity of old people to remember the items and (b) beliefs about the importance of remembering the items. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance f…
Beliefs about Memory in the Aged
Beliefs about memory in the aged were measured across two cultures (58 Sumatrans and 62 residents of Sydney, Australia) for both young (20-59 years) and old (60+) subjects. Sixteen items of common knowledge were selected and matched by back translation to measure (a) beliefs about capacity of old people to remember the items and (b) beliefs about the importance of remembering the items. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance f…
Response to Haber, Haber, and Furlin
analysis of the errors which was undertaken. It appears to us that the experimental conditions so modified the normal reading act that generalizing from the results of this study to normal reading is inappropriate. We would suggest, therefore, that future research in this area take into account the normal reading process, so that evidence of the possible importance of word length and word shape can be accepted more readily
Moving The Mentally Ill Into The Community: The Problem Of Acceptance And The Effect Of Contact
Community acceptance of the mentally ill is fundamental to a successful change to community‐based care, now being implemented in New South Wales. This policy was based on an inquiry that viewed acceptance optimistically and postulated that contact with the mentally ill would be a favourable influence. The applicability of this extension of the ‘contact hypothesis’ from its original racial context is tested in one area of Sydney. The results indic…
Two Approaches to Seeing People with Disabilities
This study tests the possibility that attitudes to people with disabilities can be divided into two types: attitudes at the societal level and attitudes at the personal level. This distinction was made with the aim of clarifying ambiguities from previous research. One test of the proposed distinction rests on the assumption that personal contact with people with disabilities will influence attitudes at the personal level but not at the societal l…
Facing the Epidemic: Changes in the Sexual Lives of Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia and Their Implications for Aids Prevention Strategies
A 1986-87 field survey of 535 gay and bisexual men in Australia examined changes in social relationships and in sexual conduct in response to the HIV epidemic. Results show the framework of sexual relationships changing little, though many men have moved between types of relationships. Reducing the incidence of sexual contact and being more selective about partners are common. Widespread change towards safe sex is reported; the repertoire is cont…
Women negotiating heterosex
Women theorising their experiences of anger: A study using memory-work
This paper represents part of an ongoing project on the social construction of emotion. Although our general findings are that emotions are complex and difficult to separate from one another, this paper focuses on anger - an emotion which presents problems for women. The theories used include social constructionism and the theory-and-method of memory-work developed by Haug (1987). Memory-work is a method of enquiry which is collective, subjective…
Theory in the Bedroom: A Report from the Macquarie University Aids and Heterosexuality Project
The political and social questions raised by AIDS/HIV are particularly complex ones, concerned as they are with changing the sexual practices of both the heterosexual and the homosexual population. In many ways these questions have tested the limits of orthodox policy‐making processes. The Macquarie University ‘AIDS and Heterosexuality’ project is one of a small number of research projects which have attempted both to analyse critically existing …
Gay Men's Knowledge of HIV Transmission and ‘Safe’ Sex: A Question of Accuracy
The study described in this paper is part of a project assessing the impact of the HIV epidemic on 535 men who have sex with men. These men were surveyed about their knowledge of HIV, their sexual practices, other issues concerning the transmission of HIV, and AIDS. This paper focuses on these men's beliefs about HIV transmission, their perceptions of the safety of a number of sexual and social practices, and the factors influencing these percept…
Equality and eroticism: Aids and the active/passive distinction
Sustaining safe sex: A Longitudinal Study of a Sample of Homosexual Men
OBJECTIVE: TO assess the maintenance of safe sexual practice. (We use the term 'safe' sex throughout the paper, since 'safe' is the term adopted by the Australian National Committee on AIDS). DESIGN: Maintenance was assessed by comparing sexual behaviour with both regular and casual partners reported in a 1986/1987 survey (time 1) with behaviour reported in a second survey in 1991 (time 2). METHOD: The 145 homosexually active participants were a …
Research note: Heterosexual men and 'safe sex' practice
(AIDS Research Unit, Macquarie University, New South Wales)IntroductionThis research note documents part of a continuing research project intothe dynamics of sexual negotiation between men and women, which aimsto specify possible mechanisms for the transformation of sexual practicein the direction of safer sex (Kippax et al 1990; Crawford et al 1990;Waldby et al 1990; Waldby et al 1991). At this point in the history of theAIDS epidemic the gay co…
Women's Sex Talk and Men's Sex Talk: Different Worlds
Communication in heterosexual encounters is often problematic, particularly front the perspective of the woman involved. In examining what renders such communication problematic, this article argues that both hegemonic discourses and particular interpersonal contexts need to be taken into account. Communication and negotiation take place in the intersubjective realm, the space where human beings make sense of their experience. An analysis of memo…
Faking it
Some Demographic Correlates of Hiv/Aids‐related Discrimination
In late 1991, a survey was made of HIV/AIDS‐related discrimination in the Australian community. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of 2,053 respondents. Twenty‐one questions provided an index of expressed discrimination. Social contact with HIV‐positive people was a significant predictor of low levels of discrimination. Other important predictors of (lower) levels of discrimination were: social contact with gay me…
Trends in heterosexual tertiary students' knowledge of HIV and intentions to avoid people who might have HIV
This study investigated trends in HIV knowledge and endorsement of social avoidance of people who might be infected with HIV. The respondents (n = 7387) were self-identified heterosexual students. Most of them (n = 6500) were first-year behavioural or biological sciences students from annual surveys (1988-1995) at Macquarie University. The others (n = 887) were from four biennial (1987-1993) random samples of all students below 30 years of age at…
Going Down: Oral Sex, Imaginary Bodies and HIV
Dirty, diseased and undeserving: The positioning of HIV positive women
Sexual negotiation in the Aids era: Negotiated Safety Revisited
OBJECTIVE: To test the safety of the 'negotiated safety' strategy-the strategy of dispensing with condoms within HIV-seronegative concordant regular sexual relationships under certain conditions. METHOD: Data from recently recruited cohort of homosexually active men (Sydney Men and Sexual Health cohort, n = 1037) are used to revisit negotiated safety. The men were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and questions addressing their sexual rel…
Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse in gay men's casual partnerships in Sydney, Australia
We assessed the factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse in gay men's casual partnerships, using data from a longitudinal cohort study ongoing since October 1992. Participants were recruited through gay community and a variety of other sources and interviewed for the Sydney Men and Sexual Health study. Of 1,037 interviewees at outset, 834 men had casual partners during the six months prior to interview; 609 had any anal intercourse wi…
A comparative demographic and sexual profile of older homosexually active men
Our analysis draws a comparative profile of older homosexually active men. For an Australian national telephone survey (Project Male‐Call), 2,583 homosexually active men were interviewed. Questions about demographics, types of sexual partners, attachment to gay community, HIV/AIDS, and sexual practices were asked. About 10% (n = 256) of the Male‐Call men were over 49years. These older men were likely to live alone (52.7%), to be or have been marr…
Cultures of sexual adventurism as markers of HIV seroconversion: A case control study in a cohort of Sydney gay men
A case control analysis within an ongoing cohort study was used to examine differences between seroconverters and men who remained HIV-negative. The cases were interviewed within one to 13 months prior to their seroconversion. Their responses to a structured questionnaire were compared with those of HIV-negative controls drawn from the same time period and from the same longitudinal study, Sydney Men and Sexual Health. Data collected from both ca…
A scale of optimism-scepticism in the context of HIV treatments
The aim of this research was to develop a brief scale of gay men's optimism-scepticism in the context of new HIV treatments. Following comprehensive literature search and communication with other researchers, 34 items about viral load testing, HIV therapies and concern about HIV infection were generated. By way of anonymous, self-complete questionnaires, these items were put to 532 gay men recruited at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Fair D…
Negotiated safety and other agreements between men in relationships: Risk practice redefined
This study examines patterns of agreement, knowledge and practice which can prevent or facilitate HIV transmission among men who are in regular ('primary') male-to-male relationships. Data are from a national volunteer phone-in survey of homosexually-active men in Australia. A sub-sample of 1070 men from a larger sample ( n=3039) were found to have one or more regular partners for longer than 6 months. Self-reported HIV serostatus of survey parti…
Increasing proportions of Australian gay and homosexually active men engage in unprotected anal intercourse with regular and with casual partners
We examined trends in sexual practice among gay and homosexually active men in Australia. Self-complete questionnaires were distributed with mail-order sex video catalogues in 2000 and returned anonymously through a reply-paid facility. The data were compared with those from men who responded to promotional material sent out with the same catalogues and who participated in national telephone surveys of men who have sex with men conducted in 1992 …
Psychology (34 works) · Medicine (30 works) · Sociology (24 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (22 works) · Demography (21 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (18 works) · Political science (17 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Family medicine (15 works) · Casual (14 works)