Elaine Fox
Biographic Data
| ID | 3657413 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Elaine Fox |
| GIVEN NAMES | Elaine |
| FAMILY NAME | Fox |
| SIGNATURE | FOX E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Essex |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2464-0462 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Affect and mental health across the lifespan during a year of the Covid-19 pandemic: The role of emotion regulation strategies and mental flexibility
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rise in common mental health problems compared to prepandemic levels, especially in young people. Understanding the factors that place young people at risk is critical to guide the response to increased mental health problems. Here we examine whether age-related differences in mental flexibility and frequency of use of emotion regulation strategies partially account for the poorer affect and increase…
Uncontrolled eating in healthy women has limited influence on food cue reactivity and food-related inhibitory control
Individual differences in affective flexibility predict future anxiety and worry
Deficits in cognitive flexibility have been associated with anxiety and worry, however few studies have assessed cognitive flexibility in the context of emotional stimuli (i.e. affective flexibility). The present study (n = 79) investigated whether individual differences in affective flexibility predict levels of trait anxiety and worry over a period of seven weeks. Affective flexibility was measured using a task-switching paradigm. Results showe…
Emotional information-processing correlates of positive mental health in adolescence: A network analysis approach
The combined cognitive bias hypothesis proposes that emotional information-processing biases may conjointly influence mental health. Yet, little is known about the interrelationships amongst cognitive biases, particularly in adolescence. We used data from the CogBIAS longitudinal study (Booth et al., 2017), including 450 adolescents who completed measures of interpretation bias, memory bias, and a validated measure of general mental health in a t…
Psychological Science Needs a Standard Practice of Reporting the Reliability of Cognitive-Behavioral Measurements
Psychological science relies on behavioral measures to assess cognitive processing; however, the field has not yet developed a tradition of routinely examining the reliability of these behavioral measures. Reliable measures are essential to draw robust inferences from statistical analyses, and subpar reliability has severe implications for measures’ validity and interpretation. Without examining and reporting the reliability of measurements used …
Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the context of Environmental Sensitivity: A critical review and development of research agenda
Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a common, heritable and evolutionarily conserved trait describing inter-individual differences in sensitivity to both negative and positive environments. Despite societal interest in SPS, scientific knowledge is lagging behind. Here, we critically discuss how SPS relates to other theories, how to measure SPS, whether SPS is a continuous vs categorical trait, its relation to other temperament and personality…
The CogBias longitudinal study of adolescence: Cohort profile and stability and change in measures across three waves
The stability of individual differences was substantial across most variables, supporting classical test theory. Some normative changes were observed that reflected adolescent-typical development. Although, normative changes were relatively small compared to the stability of individual differences. The development of stable psychological characteristics during this period highlights a potential intervention window in early adolescence
Uncontrolled eating in adolescents: The role of impulsivity and automatic approach bias for food
Obesity is a global problem reaching epidemic proportions and can be explained by unhealthy eating and sedentary lifestyles. Understanding the psychological processes underlying unhealthy eating behaviour is crucial for the development of effective obesity prevention programmes. Dual-process models implicate the interplay between impaired cognitive control and enhanced automatic responsivity to rewarding food cues as key risk factors. The current…
Beating uncontrolled eating: Training inhibitory control to reduce food intake and food cue sensitivity
The CogBias longitudinal study protocol: Cognitive and genetic factors influencing psychological functioning in adolescence
CogBIAS-L-S represents the first longitudinal study to assess multiple cognitive biases across adolescent development and the largest study of its kind to collect genetic data. It therefore provides a unique opportunity to understand how genes and the environment influence the development and maintenance of cognitive biases and provide insight into risk and protective factors that may be key targets for intervention
The influence of social comparison on cognitive bias modification and emotional vulnerability
The Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) paradigm was devised to test predictions that cognitive biases have a causal influence on emotional status. Increasingly, however, researchers are testing the potential clinical applications of CBM. Although generally successful in reducing emotional vulnerability in clinical populations, the impact of CBM interventions has been somewhat variable. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate whether s…
Trait anxiety and perceptual load as determinants of emotion processing in a fear conditioning paradigm
The impact of trait anxiety and perceptual load on selective attention was examined in a fear conditioning paradigm. A fear-conditioned angry face (CS+), an unconditioned angry face (CS-), or an unconditioned face with a neutral or happy expression were used in distractor interference and attentional probe tasks. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants classified centrally presented letters under two conditions of perceptual load. When perceptual lo…
Does emotion processing require attention? The effects of fear conditioning and perceptual load
This study examined the impact of perceptual load on the processing of unattended threat-relevant faces. Participants performed a central letter-classification task while ignoring irrelevant face distractors, which appeared above or below the central task. The face distractors were graded for affective salience by means of aversive fear conditioning, with a conditioned angry face (CS+), an unconditioned angry face (CS-), and a neutral control fac…
Response
Cinel, Caterina PhD; Russo, Riccardo PhD; Fox, Elaine PhD; Boldini, Angela PhD Author Information
Theoretical Overview and Summary
Affect-Cognition Relations: Perception, Attention and Judgment
Affect-Cognition Relations: Memory
Individual Differences in Emotion Processing
Determinants of Emotional Disorders
Categorical Approaches to the Structure of Affect
Introduction to Emotion Science
The Nature and Measurement of Emotions, Moods and Feelings
Individual Differences in Emotional Reactivity and Regulation: Temperament, Personality and Affective Style
Dimensional Approaches to the Structure of Affect
Determinants of Resilience and Well-Being
Beating uncontrolled eating: Training inhibitory control to reduce food intake and food cue sensitivity
Emotion Science: Cognitive and Neuroscientific Approaches to Understanding Human Emotions
Uncontrolled eating in adolescents: The role of impulsivity and automatic approach bias for food
Obesity is a global problem reaching epidemic proportions and can be explained by unhealthy eating and sedentary lifestyles. Understanding the psychological processes underlying unhealthy eating behaviour is crucial for the development of effective obesity prevention programmes. Dual-process models implicate the interplay between impaired cognitive control and enhanced automatic responsivity to rewarding food cues as key risk factors. The current…
Uncontrolled eating in healthy women has limited influence on food cue reactivity and food-related inhibitory control
A Comparison of Attitudes Held by Black and White Fraternity Members
Previous investigations of the structure and function of the college fraternity system focused on the fraternity's ability to provide social status, social mobility, and campus leadership involvement for its members. Researchers' generally conclude that fraternity members are more conservative, more rigid in their beliefs, and less concerned or involved in societal concerns and cultural issues. The published literature contributing to a stereotyp…
The VFW ? A case study in the ?iron law of oligarchy? and goal displacement
Grapheme–phoneme correspondence in dyslexic and matched control readers
Snowling (1980) reported that dyslexic children appear to have specific deficits in grapheme–phoneme conversion skills. Using a similar methodology, the present study compared the ability of dyslexic and control readers to make phoneme discriminations between the beginnings and ends of words. Recognition of word pairs as same or different were presented in four conditions: visual presentation–visual recognition (V–V), auditory–auditory (A–A), vis…
The VFW ? A case study in the ?iron law of oligarchy? and goal displacement
The struggle for legitimacy: A study of contingencies and constraints in emergency medicine
This paper explores the organizational structure and the social work world of an emerging medical specialty area, the emergency medicine practitioner. In‐depth interviews were undertaken with a number of physicians practicing emergency medicine in an attempt to come to some understanding of the problems encountered by a new specialty area as it attempts to gain credibility with more traditional and well established specialty areas in medicine. Ke…
A Comparison of Attitudes Held by Black and White Fraternity Members
Previous investigations of the structure and function of the college fraternity system focused on the fraternity's ability to provide social status, social mobility, and campus leadership involvement for its members. Researchers' generally conclude that fraternity members are more conservative, more rigid in their beliefs, and less concerned or involved in societal concerns and cultural issues. The published literature contributing to a stereotyp…
Repressive coping style and anxiety in stressful dental surgery
Elevated state‐anxiety prior to oral surgery is common and is associated with increased post‐operative pain. This paper presents a psychological model of predicting elevated anxiety prior to dental surgery. Elevated anxiety and intraoperative stress can be predicted by measuring trait‐anxiety. However, prediction may be improved by using a situationally specific measure of trait‐anxiety, and by taking the patient's coping style into account. Thir…
Luke, Carmen, Constructing the Child Viewer: A History of the American Discourse on Television and Children 1950-1980
"LUKE, Carmen, CONSTRUCTING THE CHILD VIEWER: A History of the American Discourse on Television and Children 1950-1980." Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 24(1), pp. 139–140
Grapheme–phoneme correspondence in dyslexic and matched control readers
Snowling (1980) reported that dyslexic children appear to have specific deficits in grapheme–phoneme conversion skills. Using a similar methodology, the present study compared the ability of dyslexic and control readers to make phoneme discriminations between the beginnings and ends of words. Recognition of word pairs as same or different were presented in four conditions: visual presentation–visual recognition (V–V), auditory–auditory (A–A), vis…
Facial Expressions of Emotion: Are Angry Faces Detected More Efficiently?
The rapid detection of facial expressions of anger or threat has obvious adaptive value. In this study, we examined the efficiency of facial processing by means of a visual search task. Participants searched displays of schematic faces and were required to determine whether the faces displayed were all the same or whether one was different. Four main results were found: (1) When displays contained the same faces, people were slower in detecting t…
Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety?
Biases in information processing undoubtedly play an important role in the maintenance of emotion and emotional disorders. In an attentional cueing paradigm, threat words and angry faces had no advantage over positive or neutral words (or faces) in attracting attention to their own location, even for people who were highly state-anxious. In contrast, the presence of threatening cues (words and faces) had a strong impact on the disengagement of at…
The Right-to-Die Movement: Extrapolating from the National Hemlock Society USA Membership Survey
A national membership survey of Hemlock Society USA was conducted by Fox and Kamakahi (1995). Respondents (N=6398) were asked a variety of questions, but in this paper we perform a longitudinal analysis of the characteristics of Hemlock Society USA members. Hemlock Society USA members are divided into three 5-year cohorts: Early Joiners (11 or more years of membership), Middle Joiners (6 to 10 years membership), and Late Joiners (5 or fewer years…
Come Lovely and Soothing Death: The Right to Die Movement in the United States
Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces
The present paper reports three new experiments suggesting that the valence of a face cue can influence attentional effects in a cueing paradigm. Moreover, heightened trait anxiety resulted in increased attentional dwell-time on emotional facial stimuli, relative to neutral faces. Experiment 1 presented a cueing task, in which the cue was either an "angry", "happy", or "neutral" facial expression. Targets could appear either in the same location …
The Hemlock Society Membership: Comparisons between 1983 and 1995 Surveys and the General Population
While most Right to Die studies have examined the ethical and moral implications of assisted suicide, few have investigated the active membership of Right to Die organizations. Two studies, one in 1983 and one in 1995, have surveyed The Hemlock Society USA membership in an effort to identify those who are actively involved in the Right to Die social movement. This study compares the social demographic descriptors of members of the Hemlock Society…
The eyes are sufficient to produce a threat superiority effect
The research described in this article used a visual search task and demonstrated that the eye region alone can produce a threat superiority effect. Indeed, the magnitude of the threat superiority effect did not increase with whole-face, relative to eye-region-only, stimuli. The authors conclude that the configuration of the eyes provides a key signal of threat, which can mediate the search advantage for threat-related facial expressions
Anxiety and sensitivity to gaze direction in emotionally expressive faces
This study investigated the role of neutral, happy, fearful, and angry facial expressions in enhancing orienting to the direction of eye gaze. Photographs of faces with either direct or averted gaze were presented. A target letter (T or L) appeared unpredictably to the left or the right of the face, either 300 ms or 700 ms after gaze direction changed. Response times were faster in congruent conditions (i.e., when the eyes gazed toward the target…
The detection of fear-relevant stimuli: Are guns noticed as quickly as snakes
Potentially dangerous stimuli are important contenders for the capture of visual-spatial attention, and it has been suggested that an evolved fear module is preferentially activated by stimuli that are fear relevant in a phylogenetic sense (e.g., snakes, spiders, angry faces). In this study, a visual search task was used to test this hypothesis by directly contrasting phylogenetically (snakes) and ontogenetically (guns) fear-relevant stimuli. Res…
Theoretical Overview and Summary
Affect-Cognition Relations: Perception, Attention and Judgment
Affect-Cognition Relations: Memory
Individual Differences in Emotion Processing
Determinants of Emotional Disorders
Categorical Approaches to the Structure of Affect
Introduction to Emotion Science
The Nature and Measurement of Emotions, Moods and Feelings
Individual Differences in Emotional Reactivity and Regulation: Temperament, Personality and Affective Style
Dimensional Approaches to the Structure of Affect
Psychology (38 works) · Cognitive psychology (18 works) · Cognition (12 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Communication (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Neuroscience (10 works) · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes (9 works) · Computer Science (9 works)