Vicki Bruce
Biographic Data
| ID | 3657673 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Vicki Bruce |
| GIVEN NAMES | Vicki |
| FAMILY NAME | Bruce |
| SIGNATURE | BRUCE V |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nottingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9403-8138 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 133 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Understanding person perception
Bruce and Young's (1986) theoretical framework was actually a synthesis of ideas contributed by several people. Some of its insights have stood the test of time - especially the importance of using converging evidence from as wide a range of methods of enquiry as possible, and an emphasis on understanding the demands that are made by particular face perception tasks. But there were also areas where Bruce and Young failed to obey their own edicts …
The relative importance of external and internal features of facial composites
Three experiments are reported that compare the quality of external with internal regions within a set of facial composites using two matching‐type tasks. Composites are constructed with the aim of triggering recognition from people familiar with the targets, and past research suggests internal face features dominate representations of familiar faces in memory. However the experiments reported here show that the internal regions of composites are…
Development of gaze aversion as disengagement from visual information
Older children, but not younger children, were found to look away more from the face of an interlocutor when answering difficult as opposed to easy questions. Similar results were found in earlier work with adults, who often avert their gaze during cognitively difficult tasks (A. M. Glenberg, J. L. Schroeder, & D. A. Robertson, 1998). Twenty-five 8-year-olds and 26 5-year-olds answered verbal reasoning and arithmetic questions of varying difficul…
Surveying the seen: 100 Years of British vision
Perceptual phenomena and their interpretations have fashioned the course of psychology. This article surveys how theories of visual perception and methodologies have developed during the lifetime of the British Psychological Society. The experimental study of vision was instigated by British natural philosophers in the early nineteenth century but this impetus was not maintained thereafter. Not until the 1930s and 1940s did research on perception…
Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention
Putting names to faces: A review and tests of the models
It is well established that retrieval of names is harder than the retrieval of other identity specific information. This paper offers a review of the more influential accounts put forward as explanations of why names are so difficult to retrieve. A series of five experiments tests a number of these accounts. Experiments One to Three examine the claims that names are hard to recall because they are typically meaningless (Cohen 1990), or unique (Bu…
Recognizing Famous Faces: Exploring the Benefits of Facial Motion
We report on two experiments that investigated the role of facial motion in the recognition of degraded famous face images. The results of thgese experiments suggest that seeing a face move is advantageous for the correct recognition of identity. This effect is not solely due to the extra static-based information contained in a moving sequence but is also due to additional dynamic information available from a moving face. Furthermore, famous face…
Testing the models? New data and commentary on Stanhope & Cohen (1993)
Burton & Bruce (1992) proposed an extension of the interactive activation model of face recognition (Burton, Bruce & Johnston, 1990), in which the difficulty of retrieving proper names was explained without requiring an extra stage specific to proper name retrieval as suggested in the model of Bruce & Young (1986). Recently, Stanhope & Cohen (1993) have published data which it is claimed cast doubt upon both the Burton & Bruce (1992) and the Bruc…
Who primed Roger Rabbit? An investigation of priming between individual items
Three experiments are reported which examine priming effects operating in the recognition of familiar objects and their names. The stimuli employed allowed the direct comparison of these effects with results previously obtained from face recognition research by utilizing a subject‐response task common to both areas. Semantic (associative) priming was investigated in Expts 1 and 2 while identity (repetition) priming was examined in Expt 3. The thr…
I recognize your face but I can't remember your name: A simple explanation
When shown the faces of familiar people, subjects are typically slower and less accurate at retrieving names than other semantic information. This finding, along with converging evidence from neuropsychological studies, has influenced most theoretical accounts of face recognition (e.g. Bruce & Young, 1986). These accounts propose that names are stored separately from semantic information, and that they may not be retrieved in the absence of other…
Understanding face recognition with an interactive activation model
In this paper we describe how the microstructure of the Bruce & Young (1986) functional model of face recognition may be explored and extended using an interactive activation implementation. A simulation of the recognition of familiarity of individuals is developed which accounts for a range of published findings on the effects of semantic priming, repetition priming and distinctiveness. Finally, we offer some speculative predictions made by the …
Computer Recognition of Faces
The Structure of Faces
Repetition priming of face recognition in a serial choice reaction‐time task
Marshall & Walker (1987) found that pictorial stimuli yield visual priming that is disrupted by an unpredictable visual event in the response‐stimulus interval. They argue that visual stimuli are represented in memory in the form of distinct visual and object codes. Bruce & Young (1986) propose similar pictorial, structural and semantic codes which mediate the recognition of faces, yet repetition priming results obtained with faces as stimuli (Br…
Understanding face recognition
The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical model and a set of terms for understanding and discussing how we recognize familiar faces, and the relationship between recognition and other aspects of face processing. It is suggested that there are seven distinct types of information that we derive from seen faces; these are labelled pictorial, structural, visually derived semantic, identity-specific semantic, name, expression and facial speech…
Identity priming in the recognition of familiar faces
Morton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens - threshold devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On the basis of results obtained in such identity primi…
Factors affecting the perceived value of coins
Changing faces: Visual and non-visual coding processes in face recognition
Two experiments examined the effect on recognition accuracy and latency of changing the view of faces betwen presentation and test. In Expt 1, all the faces were unfamiliar to the subjects. Faces at test were either unchanged, or changed in angle (e.g. full face to 3/4), expression (e.g. smiling to unsmiling) or both. Unchanged faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than faces with a change in angle or expression which were in turn bet…
Understanding face recognition
The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical model and a set of terms for understanding and discussing how we recognize familiar faces, and the relationship between recognition and other aspects of face processing. It is suggested that there are seven distinct types of information that we derive from seen faces; these are labelled pictorial, structural, visually derived semantic, identity-specific semantic, name, expression and facial speech…
Understanding face recognition with an interactive activation model
In this paper we describe how the microstructure of the Bruce & Young (1986) functional model of face recognition may be explored and extended using an interactive activation implementation. A simulation of the recognition of familiarity of individuals is developed which accounts for a range of published findings on the effects of semantic priming, repetition priming and distinctiveness. Finally, we offer some speculative predictions made by the …
Changing faces: Visual and non-visual coding processes in face recognition
Two experiments examined the effect on recognition accuracy and latency of changing the view of faces betwen presentation and test. In Expt 1, all the faces were unfamiliar to the subjects. Faces at test were either unchanged, or changed in angle (e.g. full face to 3/4), expression (e.g. smiling to unsmiling) or both. Unchanged faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than faces with a change in angle or expression which were in turn bet…
Identity priming in the recognition of familiar faces
Morton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens - threshold devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On the basis of results obtained in such identity primi…
Understanding person perception
Bruce and Young's (1986) theoretical framework was actually a synthesis of ideas contributed by several people. Some of its insights have stood the test of time - especially the importance of using converging evidence from as wide a range of methods of enquiry as possible, and an emphasis on understanding the demands that are made by particular face perception tasks. But there were also areas where Bruce and Young failed to obey their own edicts …
Development of gaze aversion as disengagement from visual information
Older children, but not younger children, were found to look away more from the face of an interlocutor when answering difficult as opposed to easy questions. Similar results were found in earlier work with adults, who often avert their gaze during cognitively difficult tasks (A. M. Glenberg, J. L. Schroeder, & D. A. Robertson, 1998). Twenty-five 8-year-olds and 26 5-year-olds answered verbal reasoning and arithmetic questions of varying difficul…
I recognize your face but I can't remember your name: A simple explanation
When shown the faces of familiar people, subjects are typically slower and less accurate at retrieving names than other semantic information. This finding, along with converging evidence from neuropsychological studies, has influenced most theoretical accounts of face recognition (e.g. Bruce & Young, 1986). These accounts propose that names are stored separately from semantic information, and that they may not be retrieved in the absence of other…
Factors affecting the perceived value of coins
Changing faces: Visual and non-visual coding processes in face recognition
Two experiments examined the effect on recognition accuracy and latency of changing the view of faces betwen presentation and test. In Expt 1, all the faces were unfamiliar to the subjects. Faces at test were either unchanged, or changed in angle (e.g. full face to 3/4), expression (e.g. smiling to unsmiling) or both. Unchanged faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than faces with a change in angle or expression which were in turn bet…
Factors affecting the perceived value of coins
Identity priming in the recognition of familiar faces
Morton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens - threshold devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On the basis of results obtained in such identity primi…
Understanding face recognition
The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical model and a set of terms for understanding and discussing how we recognize familiar faces, and the relationship between recognition and other aspects of face processing. It is suggested that there are seven distinct types of information that we derive from seen faces; these are labelled pictorial, structural, visually derived semantic, identity-specific semantic, name, expression and facial speech…
Computer Recognition of Faces
The Structure of Faces
Repetition priming of face recognition in a serial choice reaction‐time task
Marshall & Walker (1987) found that pictorial stimuli yield visual priming that is disrupted by an unpredictable visual event in the response‐stimulus interval. They argue that visual stimuli are represented in memory in the form of distinct visual and object codes. Bruce & Young (1986) propose similar pictorial, structural and semantic codes which mediate the recognition of faces, yet repetition priming results obtained with faces as stimuli (Br…
Understanding face recognition with an interactive activation model
In this paper we describe how the microstructure of the Bruce & Young (1986) functional model of face recognition may be explored and extended using an interactive activation implementation. A simulation of the recognition of familiarity of individuals is developed which accounts for a range of published findings on the effects of semantic priming, repetition priming and distinctiveness. Finally, we offer some speculative predictions made by the …
I recognize your face but I can't remember your name: A simple explanation
When shown the faces of familiar people, subjects are typically slower and less accurate at retrieving names than other semantic information. This finding, along with converging evidence from neuropsychological studies, has influenced most theoretical accounts of face recognition (e.g. Bruce & Young, 1986). These accounts propose that names are stored separately from semantic information, and that they may not be retrieved in the absence of other…
Testing the models? New data and commentary on Stanhope & Cohen (1993)
Burton & Bruce (1992) proposed an extension of the interactive activation model of face recognition (Burton, Bruce & Johnston, 1990), in which the difficulty of retrieving proper names was explained without requiring an extra stage specific to proper name retrieval as suggested in the model of Bruce & Young (1986). Recently, Stanhope & Cohen (1993) have published data which it is claimed cast doubt upon both the Burton & Bruce (1992) and the Bruc…
Who primed Roger Rabbit? An investigation of priming between individual items
Three experiments are reported which examine priming effects operating in the recognition of familiar objects and their names. The stimuli employed allowed the direct comparison of these effects with results previously obtained from face recognition research by utilizing a subject‐response task common to both areas. Semantic (associative) priming was investigated in Expts 1 and 2 while identity (repetition) priming was examined in Expt 3. The thr…
Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention
Putting names to faces: A review and tests of the models
It is well established that retrieval of names is harder than the retrieval of other identity specific information. This paper offers a review of the more influential accounts put forward as explanations of why names are so difficult to retrieve. A series of five experiments tests a number of these accounts. Experiments One to Three examine the claims that names are hard to recall because they are typically meaningless (Cohen 1990), or unique (Bu…
Recognizing Famous Faces: Exploring the Benefits of Facial Motion
We report on two experiments that investigated the role of facial motion in the recognition of degraded famous face images. The results of thgese experiments suggest that seeing a face move is advantageous for the correct recognition of identity. This effect is not solely due to the extra static-based information contained in a moving sequence but is also due to additional dynamic information available from a moving face. Furthermore, famous face…
Surveying the seen: 100 Years of British vision
Perceptual phenomena and their interpretations have fashioned the course of psychology. This article surveys how theories of visual perception and methodologies have developed during the lifetime of the British Psychological Society. The experimental study of vision was instigated by British natural philosophers in the early nineteenth century but this impetus was not maintained thereafter. Not until the 1930s and 1940s did research on perception…
Development of gaze aversion as disengagement from visual information
Older children, but not younger children, were found to look away more from the face of an interlocutor when answering difficult as opposed to easy questions. Similar results were found in earlier work with adults, who often avert their gaze during cognitively difficult tasks (A. M. Glenberg, J. L. Schroeder, & D. A. Robertson, 1998). Twenty-five 8-year-olds and 26 5-year-olds answered verbal reasoning and arithmetic questions of varying difficul…
The relative importance of external and internal features of facial composites
Three experiments are reported that compare the quality of external with internal regions within a set of facial composites using two matching‐type tasks. Composites are constructed with the aim of triggering recognition from people familiar with the targets, and past research suggests internal face features dominate representations of familiar faces in memory. However the experiments reported here show that the internal regions of composites are…
Understanding person perception
Bruce and Young's (1986) theoretical framework was actually a synthesis of ideas contributed by several people. Some of its insights have stood the test of time - especially the importance of using converging evidence from as wide a range of methods of enquiry as possible, and an emphasis on understanding the demands that are made by particular face perception tasks. But there were also areas where Bruce and Young failed to obey their own edicts …
Cognitive psychology (13 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Face Recognition and Perception (12 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Cognition (7 works) · Linguistics (7 works) · Face (sociological concept) (6 works) · Face recognition and analysis (6 works) · Neuroscience (6 works) · Communication (5 works)