P N Johnson‐laird
Biographic Data
| ID | 3657699 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P N Johnson‐laird |
| GIVEN NAMES | P N |
| FAMILY NAME | Johnson‐laird |
| SIGNATURE | LAIRD P N J |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 8 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 74 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 8 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Strategies in Syllogistic Reasoning
This paper is about syllogistic reasoning, i.e., reasoning from such pairs of premises as, All the chefs are musicians; some of the musicians are painters. We present a computer model that implements the latest account of syllogisms, which is based on the theory of mental models. We also report four experiments that were designed to test this account. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the strategies revealed by the participants' use of paper and penci…
Plausibility and the comprehension of text
Implausible versions of stories were constructed by a panel of judges who filled in sentence frames from the originals from which all but the referring phrases had been deleted. In one condition each judge completed a sentence frame independently, resulting in a highly implausible story; in another condition each judge saw the two previous completed sentence frames before filling in a sentence frame, resulting in a mildly implausible story. Both …
Mental Models in Cognitive Science
The passive paradox: A reply to costermans and hupet
Reasoning and a Sense of Reality
An experiment was performed to determine whether the use of realistic materials would improve performance in a deceptive reasoning problem. The task involved selecting from a set of envelopes those which, if they were turned over, could violate a given rule. The rule concerned either a realistic relation ('if a letter is sealed, then it has a 50 lire stamp on it') or else an arbitrary relation between symbols ('if a letter has an A on one side, t…
A Conflict Between Selecting and Evaluating Information in an Inferential Task
An inferential task was investigated in which the subjects had to select which of four cards they needed to inspect in order to determine whether a rule was true or false. In one condition crucial information was concealed on the other side of the cards, and in another condition it was on the same side of the cards, but covered by a mask. A previous experiment suggested that subjects sometimes confused the notion of ‘the other side of the card’. …
Reasoning With Ambiguous Sentences
Eight inferences with quantified sentences were judged as valid or invalid. Each inference involved an active and its correlative passive sentence, e.g. 'Some medicine cures every disease. Therefore: Every disease is cured by some medicine.' There were four logically distinct pairs of sentences, and each pair was presented twice: once as an inference from active to passive, and once as the converse inference from passive to active. As predicted, …
The Choice of the Passive Voice in a Communicative Task
Subjects had to rank-order four logically equivalent but syntactically different sentences in terms of their appropriateness as descriptions of one diagram in contrast to another. A prediction of this rank order was derived on the assumption that subjects would attempt to emphasize the larger areas of colour in the stimuli, and that passive sentences emphasize the logical object to a greater extent than active sentences. Four groups were run in a…
Mental Models in Cognitive Science
Reasoning and a Sense of Reality
An experiment was performed to determine whether the use of realistic materials would improve performance in a deceptive reasoning problem. The task involved selecting from a set of envelopes those which, if they were turned over, could violate a given rule. The rule concerned either a realistic relation ('if a letter is sealed, then it has a 50 lire stamp on it') or else an arbitrary relation between symbols ('if a letter has an A on one side, t…
The Choice of the Passive Voice in a Communicative Task
Subjects had to rank-order four logically equivalent but syntactically different sentences in terms of their appropriateness as descriptions of one diagram in contrast to another. A prediction of this rank order was derived on the assumption that subjects would attempt to emphasize the larger areas of colour in the stimuli, and that passive sentences emphasize the logical object to a greater extent than active sentences. Four groups were run in a…
Plausibility and the comprehension of text
Implausible versions of stories were constructed by a panel of judges who filled in sentence frames from the originals from which all but the referring phrases had been deleted. In one condition each judge completed a sentence frame independently, resulting in a highly implausible story; in another condition each judge saw the two previous completed sentence frames before filling in a sentence frame, resulting in a mildly implausible story. Both …
Strategies in Syllogistic Reasoning
This paper is about syllogistic reasoning, i.e., reasoning from such pairs of premises as, All the chefs are musicians; some of the musicians are painters. We present a computer model that implements the latest account of syllogisms, which is based on the theory of mental models. We also report four experiments that were designed to test this account. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the strategies revealed by the participants' use of paper and penci…
Reasoning With Ambiguous Sentences
Eight inferences with quantified sentences were judged as valid or invalid. Each inference involved an active and its correlative passive sentence, e.g. 'Some medicine cures every disease. Therefore: Every disease is cured by some medicine.' There were four logically distinct pairs of sentences, and each pair was presented twice: once as an inference from active to passive, and once as the converse inference from passive to active. As predicted, …
A Conflict Between Selecting and Evaluating Information in an Inferential Task
An inferential task was investigated in which the subjects had to select which of four cards they needed to inspect in order to determine whether a rule was true or false. In one condition crucial information was concealed on the other side of the cards, and in another condition it was on the same side of the cards, but covered by a mask. A previous experiment suggested that subjects sometimes confused the notion of ‘the other side of the card’. …
The Choice of the Passive Voice in a Communicative Task
Subjects had to rank-order four logically equivalent but syntactically different sentences in terms of their appropriateness as descriptions of one diagram in contrast to another. A prediction of this rank order was derived on the assumption that subjects would attempt to emphasize the larger areas of colour in the stimuli, and that passive sentences emphasize the logical object to a greater extent than active sentences. Four groups were run in a…
Reasoning With Ambiguous Sentences
Eight inferences with quantified sentences were judged as valid or invalid. Each inference involved an active and its correlative passive sentence, e.g. 'Some medicine cures every disease. Therefore: Every disease is cured by some medicine.' There were four logically distinct pairs of sentences, and each pair was presented twice: once as an inference from active to passive, and once as the converse inference from passive to active. As predicted, …
A Conflict Between Selecting and Evaluating Information in an Inferential Task
An inferential task was investigated in which the subjects had to select which of four cards they needed to inspect in order to determine whether a rule was true or false. In one condition crucial information was concealed on the other side of the cards, and in another condition it was on the same side of the cards, but covered by a mask. A previous experiment suggested that subjects sometimes confused the notion of ‘the other side of the card’. …
Reasoning and a Sense of Reality
An experiment was performed to determine whether the use of realistic materials would improve performance in a deceptive reasoning problem. The task involved selecting from a set of envelopes those which, if they were turned over, could violate a given rule. The rule concerned either a realistic relation ('if a letter is sealed, then it has a 50 lire stamp on it') or else an arbitrary relation between symbols ('if a letter has an A on one side, t…
The passive paradox: A reply to costermans and hupet
Mental Models in Cognitive Science
Plausibility and the comprehension of text
Implausible versions of stories were constructed by a panel of judges who filled in sentence frames from the originals from which all but the referring phrases had been deleted. In one condition each judge completed a sentence frame independently, resulting in a highly implausible story; in another condition each judge saw the two previous completed sentence frames before filling in a sentence frame, resulting in a mildly implausible story. Both …
Strategies in Syllogistic Reasoning
This paper is about syllogistic reasoning, i.e., reasoning from such pairs of premises as, All the chefs are musicians; some of the musicians are painters. We present a computer model that implements the latest account of syllogisms, which is based on the theory of mental models. We also report four experiments that were designed to test this account. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the strategies revealed by the participants' use of paper and penci…
Computer Science (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Advanced Text Analysis Techniques (3 works) · Artificial Intelligence (3 works) · Artificial Intelligence (3 works) · Linguistics (3 works) · Task (project management) (3 works) · Data mining (2 works) · Epistemology (2 works)