Michael Levi
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3659858 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael Levi |
| PRENOMES | Michael |
| SOBRENOME | Levi |
| ASSINATURA | LEVI M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Cardiff University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2131-2882 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 82 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 253 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 81 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
The Commercialization of Ransomware
Ransomware has evolved from opportunistic attacks into a sophisticated financial enterprise sustained by cryptocurrency markets, despite enforcement pressure. Drawing on the analysis of 525 ransomware strains (2013–2025), we identify three eras: Spray-and-Prey (2013–2018; fragmented payment practices), Big Game Hunting (2018–2021; targeting high-value organizations), and Ransom Bazaar (2021–present; financialized, service-oriented extortion). The…
Organising White-Collar and Corporate Crimes
This book explores how we can re-constitute our approach to analysing and empirically investigating the organisation of white-collar and corporate crimes, with a view to building fuller theoretical and empirical accounts. The work demonstrates how knowledge can be produced and systematised within a conceptual and analytical framework concerned with understanding how such crimes are organised, why they are organised as they are, who gets involved …
The evolution of Nigerian cybercrime
Thus far, the literature on cybercrime has focussed on ‘cyber-dependent’, rather than ‘cyber-enabled’ crime. This has meant the emphasis has been on online settings, technical offences, and Western cybercriminals. This paper seeks to partially address these gaps through focussed qualitative case study analyses of two Nigerian offender networks based in Europe, which were both engaged in cyber-enabled fraud and had a strong offline component. We s…
Human, institutional, political and technological factors involved in a public health approach to frauds against individuals
The paper describes briefly evolving data on frauds against individuals globally, political reactions to those frauds and how they vary. Based on an earlier study for West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner's Office, it reviews the dynamics of developing approaches to the policing of cyber-enabled frauds against ‘the public’ – focused particularly on the UK and how this might differ in other European countries; what is known about public and …
The organisation of mortgage frauds
This article examines the role of organised crime groups (OCGs) in the organisation and commission of mortgage and property related frauds. Whilst conventionally in criminological and policing studies, serious and organised crime has been associated with the commission of violent, gang and drug-related crimes, there is an increasing focus on the collective and facilitative role that motivated offenders and ‘professional enablers’ like lawyers and…
An educational model of equity and computing
Aiming to promote equity in computing, this study proposes an educational model that offers an alternative approach to inspire K-12 students to become interested in CS and develop their computational thinking (CT) skills. It also examines the experience of marginalized students during the COVID pandemic in a learning environment grounded in the model. Adopting a mixed methods case study, this work focused on the experience of 82 girls enrolled in…
Frauds and Their Controls
Frauds vary with opportunities and controls in Global North countries, but also elsewhere in the developed world. Fraud rates against individuals have been rising in many countries, generating pressure for more preventative work on “enablers” such as banks, social media businesses, auditors, and lawyers. There do not appear to be embedded social movements against elite white-collar crime in the United States or elsewhere, but episodic campaigns a…
When Business Breaks the Rules
This article argues that if the aspiration is to enhance regulatory and governance responses to white‐collar and corporate crimes, consideration of the organization of these offending behaviors must be central to the scholarly, practice, and policy discussion. Regulation and governance scholarship has thrived as a field of study in its contributions to the theories and practices of regulation (and regulators) but has backgrounded the dynamics of …
Cybercriminal networks in the UK and Beyond
This article examines the network structure, criminal cooperation, and external interactions of cybercriminal networks. Its contribution is empirical and inductive. The core of this study involved carrying out 10 case analyses on closed cybercrime investigations – all with financial motivations on the part of the offenders - in the UK and beyond. Each analysis involved investigator interview and access to unpublished law enforcement files. The co…
Enhancing corporate accountability through covert situational integrity testing (CSIT)
This article explores the potential of ‘covert situational integrity testing’ as a mechanism for assessing corporate/organisational compliance with legal rules and standards, the goal being to enhance corporate/organisational accountability. There are major challenges to holding corporations/organisations to account for non-compliance: low detection levels, incomplete understanding of the inner workings of organisations, and the modest power of c…
Fear of Economic Cybercrime Across Europe
Despite the increasing prevalence of cybercrime and its study by criminologists, very little research has examined the extent, nature, and impact of fear of cybercrime. In this study, we conducted a multilevel analysis of the 2018 Eurobarometer Cybersecurity Survey to test the applicability of routine activities theory on fear of economic cybercrime. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating that: (1) fear of economic cybercrime varies acr…
Serum metal levels in a population of Spanish pregnant women
To describe serum levels of calcium, copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc and evaluate their relationship with maternal socio-demographic characteristics and dietary variables in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Cross-sectional study with 1279 participants from the INMA cohorts. The concentrations of the elements analyzed were within the normal range. Associations with higher levels of these metals were found for calcium with whit…
Lawyers as money laundering enablers? An evolving and contentious relationship
Using limited datasets and case studies drawn from the Global North and South, this article critically considers the available evidence about the involvement of lawyers in elite money laundering and attempts to control their involvement. In addition to lawyers’ lobbying and drafting laws , the normal focus of the ‘enablers’ discourse is on lawyers using expert knowledge and legal professional privilege/professional secrecy to facilitate frauds an…
‘Through a glass darkly’
Making sense of professional enablers’ involvement in laundering organized crime proceeds and of their regulation
Money laundering has ascended the enforcement and criminological agenda in the course of this century, and has been accompanied by an increased focus on legal professionals as ‘enablers’ of crime. This article explores the dynamics of this enforcement, media and political agenda, and how the legal profession has responded in the UK and elsewhere, within the context of ignoring the difficulties of judging the effectiveness of anti money laundering…
Arsenic Exposure and Cancer-Related Proteins in Urine of Indigenous Bolivian Women
Indigenous people living in the Bolivian Andes are exposed through their drinking water to inorganic arsenic, a potent carcinogen. However, the health consequences of arsenic exposure in this region are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between arsenic exposure and changes in cancer-related proteins in indigenous women ( n = 176) from communities around the Andean Lake Poopó, Bolivia. Arsenic exposure was assessed in who…
Understanding the Laundering of Organized Crime Money
Four conditions influence the complexity of organized crime money laundering. First are diverse types of crime and forms in which proceeds are generated, including the type of payment, the visibility of crimes to victims or authorities, and the lapse before financial investigation occurs (if it does). Second, the amount of individual net profits causes differences between criminals who have no use for laundering, who self-launder, and who need as…
International and Transnational Crime and Justice
International crime and justice is an emerging field that covers crime and justice from a global perspective. This book introduces the nature of international and transnational crimes, theoretical foundations to understanding the relationship between social change and the waxing and waning of the crime opportunity structure, globalization, migration, culture conflicts, and the emerging legal frameworks for their prevention and control. It present…
Under the Corporate Radar
Cybercrime is recognized as one of the top threats to UK economic security. On a daily basis, the computer networks of businesses suffer security breaches. A less explored dimension of this problem is cybercrimes committed by insiders. This paper provides a criminological analysis of corporate insider victimization. It begins by presenting reviews of insider criminal threats and routine activities theory as applied to cybercrime. Analysis of the …
Researching the financial abuse of individuals lacking mental capacity
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the aspects of an exploratory investigation into the scale and nature of the financial abuse of adults lacking mental capacity. Design/methodology/approach It uses mixed-methods study which comprises of: a review of safeguarding adults’ statistics; analysis of court case findings; classification of types of financial abuse, victims and perpetrators; qualitative exploration of professional views of…
The Phantom Capitalists
This book analyzes in detail how and why people become involved in long-firm (planned bankruptcy) fraud, the similarities and differences between long-firm fraud and other crimes, the links between bankruptcy fraudsters and other professional and organized criminals, the techniques that fraudsters use, and the social and commercial relationships that exist within the operational world of the long-firm fraudster. Extensively researched, the study …
Sentencing Respectable Offenders
The impacts of organised crime in the EU
This article analyses the social construction of the problem of organised crime and associated problems of measurement. It reports on a study conducted for the European Parliament which had three principal aims: 1. To produce a critical assessment of the state-of-the-art in terms of what is and is not known about the prevalence and distribution of different forms of organised crime. 2. To set out a robust conceptual framework which would enable u…
Let Sleeping Lawyers Lie
The study examines the range of crimes in which solicitors become involved as primary offenders (mainly fraud) or on behalf of others (criminal planning and money laundering) and critically reviews the factors in their personal and working environment that may promote or inhibit such crimes and the ways that criminologists and socio-legal scholars have accounted for deviance and the regulation of the profession. It ends by discussing trends in co…
Thinking about Organised Crime
The term 'organised crime' suggests a greater level of coherence than exists in reality, while the major threat imagery it evokes is useful for some purposes but counterproductive for others. While some organised criminal groups and activities pose a threat to national security, most affect human security at a sub-national level. Michael Levi critically examines some economic, physical and perception features of the harms and threats encompassed …
Money Laundering and its Regulation
This article examines definitions of "money laundering" and the conceptual and actual role its regulation plays in dealing with drug markets. If laundering is prevented, incentives to become major criminals are diminished. It identifies and critiques three aspects of harm arising from laundering: facilitating crime groups' expansion, corroding financial institutions, and extent. After a discussion of laundering techniques used with drug money, in…
Organized fraud and organizing frauds
This article examines the settings for frauds in the context of crime networks, fraud opportunities and of a victim-centric typology of fraud. It demonstrates the variety of actors, settings and the variable need for knowing collaboration between co-offenders in frauds of different types. It explores what is known about those involved in the organization of some forms of frauds; how they find both co-offenders and victims in face-to-face and remo…
Any port in a storm
This article draws on the experience of conducting fieldwork in Russia, as part of an international comparative examination of health and safety regulatory enforcement in the shipping industry. We discuss the difficulties faced by fieldworkers in ensuring personal safety and maintaining rapport with research respondents in conditions characterized by danger and crisis; a situation made worse by the murder of one of our key gatekeepers. We develop…
The Media Construction of Financial White-Collar Crimes
Crimes of deception are treated by the mass media as extensions of ‘infotainment’, such as individual and corporate celebrities in trouble; ‘normal’ people turning to fraud because of drugs, gambling or sex; readily visualizable and often short fraud events (like ‘identity fraud’ or ‘card skimming’) connected to ‘organized crime’ or ‘terrorism’; or long-term concealment of fraud that shows the ‘Establishment’ to be incompetent or business people/…
Researching the organization of serious crimes
In a sense, the problem of organized crime is the concept of `organized crime' itself. The implications of shifting the analytical focus from explanations of `it' toward building theories of the organization of serious crimes are considered in relation to three ways of framing research: organized crime as an external threat; the organization of serious crimes through routine activities; and their organization through social relations. Beyond taxo…
Technologies, Security, and Privacy in the Post‐9/11 European Information Society
Since 11 September 2001, many ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ security strategies have been introduced to enable more intensive surveillance and control of the movement of `suspect populations'. Suicide bombings have since generated a step‐change in asymmetric threat analysis and public perceptions of risk. This article reviews how post‐9/11 ‘security’ issues intersect with existing and emerging technologies, particularly those relating to identity, location, …
Suite Revenge
The utility of ‘ concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality and volatility ’ to understanding social reaction to different white-collar crimes is elaborated and reviewed. It is hard to generate and to sustain a moral panic about any white-collar crimes and criminals, but some populist areas such as ‘ identity fraud ’ and ‘ investment fraud ’ are good candidates, especially where individuals, ethnicities or ‘ organized crime networks ’ exis…
Public and Police Perceptions of Crime Seriousness in England and Wales
This article reviews briefly the uses and abuses of seriousess surveys and them examines the crime seriousness ratings and rankings of representative samples of the police and public from one Northern and one Southern police force area in England and Wales. It concludes that there is high concordance (both among the public and between police and public) on offences such as violence and theft by a policc officer, but more disagreement on the ratin…
Under the Corporate Radar
Cybercrime is recognized as one of the top threats to UK economic security. On a daily basis, the computer networks of businesses suffer security breaches. A less explored dimension of this problem is cybercrimes committed by insiders. This paper provides a criminological analysis of corporate insider victimization. It begins by presenting reviews of insider criminal threats and routine activities theory as applied to cybercrime. Analysis of the …
The Phantom Capitalists
This book analyzes in detail how and why people become involved in long-firm (planned bankruptcy) fraud, the similarities and differences between long-firm fraud and other crimes, the links between bankruptcy fraudsters and other professional and organized criminals, the techniques that fraudsters use, and the social and commercial relationships that exist within the operational world of the long-firm fraudster. Extensively researched, the study …
Combating the Financing of Terrorism
The history of international efforts to control the flow of funds to designated ‘terrorist groups’ via the formal financial system is examined. The work shows that—despite the high motivation of some governments and international banks to reduce terrorist attacks, which harm their citizens, customers, staff and profits—it remains difficult to determine how this private–public policing interface can rationally target ‘risky capital’. Financial int…
Serious tax fraud and noncompliance
Research Summary This article reviews what international evidence exists on the impact of civil and criminal sanctions upon serious tax noncompliance by individuals. This construct lacks sharp definitional boundaries but includes large tax fraud and large‐scale evasion that are not dealt with as fraud. Although substantial research and theory have been developed on general tax evasion and compliance, their conclusions might not apply to large‐sca…
Inter-agency work and the UK public sector investigation of fraud, 1996–2006
Most policing activity in the area of UK public sector fraud is undertaken not by the police but by departmental investigators. This article explores the shifting rhetoric and on-the-ground efforts to escape departmental silos in order to address ‘the problem of fraud’ and fraudsters more efficiently and effectively via ‘joined up working’. These public sector reforms have been promoted principally by the National Audit Office and government. It …
Money Laundering
Techniques for hiding proceeds of crime include transporting cash out of the country, purchasing businesses through which funds can be channeled, buying easily transportable valuables, transfer pricing, and using “underground banks.” Since the mid‐1980s, governments and law enforcement have developed an increasingly global, intrusive, and routinized set of measures to affect criminal revenues passing through the financial system. Except at an ane…
Suite justice or sweet charity
This article examines the use of shaming and stigma against financial criminals and evidence for and against their impact. It first reviews the extent to which fraudulent behaviour attracts shaming responses - which depends partly on the nature of the frauds committed - and then the extent to which fraudsters are likely to care about the shame that is sought to be imposed upon them. It suggests that potential damage to business prospects is proba…
New Public Management, Old Populism and the Policing of Fraud
While the cost of fraud is difficult to determine, it is significantly greater than other crimes. Nevertheless fraud has not been a policing priority either for governments or for individual police forces. The provision of policing resources has declined in favour of other policing objectives where there is a continuing emphasis on a political agenda concerned with public order and property crime. At the same time, the resources which are devoted…
The Use and Misuse of Citations as a Measure of Influence in Criminology
Journal Article The Use and Misuse of Citations as a Measure of Influence in Criminology Get access Michael Levi Michael Levi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 35, Issue 1, winter 1995, Pages 138–142, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048469 Published: 01 January 1995
Lawyers as money laundering enablers? An evolving and contentious relationship
Using limited datasets and case studies drawn from the Global North and South, this article critically considers the available evidence about the involvement of lawyers in elite money laundering and attempts to control their involvement. In addition to lawyers’ lobbying and drafting laws , the normal focus of the ‘enablers’ discourse is on lawyers using expert knowledge and legal professional privilege/professional secrecy to facilitate frauds an…
Understanding the Laundering of Organized Crime Money
Four conditions influence the complexity of organized crime money laundering. First are diverse types of crime and forms in which proceeds are generated, including the type of payment, the visibility of crimes to victims or authorities, and the lapse before financial investigation occurs (if it does). Second, the amount of individual net profits causes differences between criminals who have no use for laundering, who self-launder, and who need as…
Thinking about Organised Crime
The term 'organised crime' suggests a greater level of coherence than exists in reality, while the major threat imagery it evokes is useful for some purposes but counterproductive for others. While some organised criminal groups and activities pose a threat to national security, most affect human security at a sub-national level. Michael Levi critically examines some economic, physical and perception features of the harms and threats encompassed …
The Surprising Sources of Oil's Influence
Connections between the oil trade and international politics have declined in recent decades, but there is no reason to assume that these changes are permanent
European Private Security, Corporate Investigation and Military Services
The relationship between the private security industry and public institutions and agencies is complex and by no means one-way. The industry assists and acts as a substitute for the public sphere, is governed by it, albeit in a partial and uneven manner, whilst restructuring the public sphere in pursuit of commercial advantage at home and abroad. This paper explores aspects of co-operation and governance in European and wider contexts. Each consi…
The Enduring Vulnerabilities of Oil Markets
In “Protecting ‘The Prize': Oil and the U.S. National Interest,” Eugene Gholz and Daryl G. Press present an important counterargument to many common but overwrought worries about energy security. Yet they themselves go too far in the opposite direction. Gholz and Press argue that only three types of potential oil market disruptions could induce “particularly painful” adjustments and hence rise to the highest level: consolidation of a large fracti…
Measuring the Impact of Fraud in the UK
This article examines the conceptual and empirical underpinnings of data on the cost of fraud—collected for a study conducted for the Association of Chief Police Officers and summarized in the article—and reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the data collection processes. It also raises broader questions about the relationship between crime control ideologies, institutional responsibilities, and what data on crime are kept and not kept; and co…
Fast spinning into oblivion? Recent developments in money-laundering policies and offshore finance centres
This article examines the growth of money-laundering in conjunction with the associated development of offshore finance centres (OFCs) located in small places such as islands or microstates in the Caribbean and elsewhere. The phenomenal growth of OFCs since the 1960s may be seen in terms of the 'four spaces'. Three of these 'spaces-the secrecy space (confidentiality); the regulatory space; and the political space-can be used to frame an analysis …
Long‐Firm Fraud, Sentencing, and The Advisory Council
Blaming the Jury
In the past decade, attacks upon the jury as an institution subversive to the imporant social goal of the repression of crime have intensified considerably. As the potential social control risks of the democratisation of the jury have become apparent, in Britain at least, juries have been condemned for their alleged lack of commitment to legal values and for their susceptibility to bribery.[1] Somewhat paradoxically, in view of the relatively sma…
Public and Police Perceptions of Crime Seriousness in England and Wales
This article reviews briefly the uses and abuses of seriousess surveys and them examines the crime seriousness ratings and rankings of representative samples of the police and public from one Northern and one Southern police force area in England and Wales. It concludes that there is high concordance (both among the public and between police and public) on offences such as violence and theft by a policc officer, but more disagreement on the ratin…
Reforming the Criminal Fraud Trial
In November 1983, when the Fraud Trials Committee was set up with Roskill a Law Lord in the chair, commercial fraud in Britain was a subject that was of concern principally to a small group of academics. For almost all politicians and criminologists, conservative and radical alike, street and household crime constituted 'the crime problem' over which they would do battle. Indeed, Lea and Young1 leave the subject of business crime completely out o…
Fraud in the Courts
Journal Article FRAUD IN THE COURTS: Roskill in context Get access MICHAEL LEVI MICHAEL LEVI *Lecturer in Criminology, Department of Social Administration, Univenity CollegeCardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 26, Issue 4, October 1986, Pages 394–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047630 Published: 01 October 1986
Law and Order and the Causes of Crime
The degree of congruence among the public and between ‘police’ and ‘public’ in attitudes to law and order has been a matter of considerable debate in England and Wales. This article presents some previously unpublished survey data in the context of a general review of research on this topic, and goes on to discuss police and public views about crime causation as a reflection of ideological ‘domain assumptions’ about the nature of offending. It co…
Recent Texts on White-Collar Crime
Journal Article RECENT TEXTS ON WHITE-COLLAR CRIME: AN OVERVIEW Get access STRUCTURAL CRIMINOLOGY. By J. HAGAN. (Oxford: Polity Press. 1988. 294 pp. £25.00.) SITTING IN JUDGMENT: THE SENTENCING OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS. By S. WHEELER, K. MANN, and A. SARAT. (London: Yale University Press. 1988. 199 pp. £25.00.) CONTROLLING CORPORATE ILLEGALITY: THE REGULATORY JUSTICE SYSTEM. By N. FRANK and M. LOMBNESS. (Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co. 1988.…
White-Collar Crime, Shamelessness, and Disintegration
Sentencing White‐Collar Crime in the Dark
This article reflects upon the sentences imposed in the most heavily publicised UK white‐collar crime trial since the 1960s, if not this century. It examines the central legal issues on which the defendants were convicted, the way in which the case and subsequent appeals were depicted by the ‘popular’ as well as ‘qualiy’ news media, the considerations that affected sentencing and parole, and the social and economic consequences of conviction for …
Regulating Money Laundering
Journal Article REGULATING MONEY LAUNDERING: The Death of Bank Secrecy in the UK Get access MICHAEL LEVI MICHAEL LEVI *Reader in Criminology, University of Wales, College of CardiffWales CFI 3AS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 31, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 109–125, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048093 Published: 01 June 1991
White-Collar Crime
In Great Britain, frauds largely involve checks and credit cards, embezzling, and businesses obtaining money or goods under false pretenses. The relatively rare large-scale frauds typically surface when insolvency occurs. English officials often appear inclined to look the other way when arguable violations of the law take place, perhaps in order not to upset a sensitive political equilibrium that tries to convey the conviction that the marketpla…
Incriminating Disclosures
The Use and Misuse of Citations as a Measure of Influence in Criminology
Journal Article The Use and Misuse of Citations as a Measure of Influence in Criminology Get access Michael Levi Michael Levi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 35, Issue 1, winter 1995, Pages 138–142, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048469 Published: 01 January 1995
Réglementation sur le blanchiment de l'argent au Royaume-Uni
Levi Michael. Réglementation sur le blanchiment de l'argent au Royaume-Uni : une évaluation. In: Déviance et société. 1995 - Vol. 19 - N°4. pp. 379-385
The Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption
David Nelken, Michael Levi, The Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption: An Overview, Journal of Law and Society, Vol. 23, No. 1, The Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption (Mar., 1996), pp. 1-17
Déliquance économique et justice pénale. Le cas du Royaume-Uni
Doig Alain, Levi Michael. Déliquance économique et justice pénale. Le cas du Royaume-Uni. In: Déviance et société. 1996 - Vol. 20 - N°3. pp. 247-259
Taking the Profit Out of Crime
Organising Plastic Fraud
The study examines how willing fraudsters confront the ‘barriers to entry’caused by financing, obtaining credit and other cards, using them, re‐selling goods and avoiding arrest. This analysis then is used to explain how such frauds can be committed by, at one extreme, lone thief/merchant fraudsters to, at the other extreme, international counterfeiting and distribution syndicates. On the basis of interviews with fraudsters and with card fraud in…
Perspectives on ‘Organised Crime’
Fast spinning into oblivion? Recent developments in money-laundering policies and offshore finance centres
This article examines the growth of money-laundering in conjunction with the associated development of offshore finance centres (OFCs) located in small places such as islands or microstates in the Caribbean and elsewhere. The phenomenal growth of OFCs since the 1960s may be seen in terms of the 'four spaces'. Three of these 'spaces-the secrecy space (confidentiality); the regulatory space; and the political space-can be used to frame an analysis …
Business, Cities and Fears about Crimes
New Public Management, Old Populism and the Policing of Fraud
While the cost of fraud is difficult to determine, it is significantly greater than other crimes. Nevertheless fraud has not been a policing priority either for governments or for individual police forces. The provision of policing resources has declined in favour of other policing objectives where there is a continuing emphasis on a political agenda concerned with public order and property crime. At the same time, the resources which are devoted…
Transnational Organized Crime and International Security
Though the provision of illicit goods and services is far from being a new phenomenon, today's global economic environment has allowed transnational organized crime an unprecedented capacity to challenge states. The authors of this book examine the trends underlying the explosion of transnational organized crime and consider possible responses. Emphasizing the difficulties encountered by individual states in their efforts to deal with this securi…
Suite justice or sweet charity
This article examines the use of shaming and stigma against financial criminals and evidence for and against their impact. It first reviews the extent to which fraudulent behaviour attracts shaming responses - which depends partly on the nature of the frauds committed - and then the extent to which fraudsters are likely to care about the shame that is sought to be imposed upon them. It suggests that potential damage to business prospects is proba…
Money Laundering and its Regulation
This article examines definitions of "money laundering" and the conceptual and actual role its regulation plays in dealing with drug markets. If laundering is prevented, incentives to become major criminals are diminished. It identifies and critiques three aspects of harm arising from laundering: facilitating crime groups' expansion, corroding financial institutions, and extent. After a discussion of laundering techniques used with drug money, in…
Political science (61 obras) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (49 obras) · Law (48 obras) · Criminology (45 obras) · Sociology (39 obras) · Business (34 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (29 obras) · Law (26 obras) · Computer Science (23 obras) · Economics (21 obras)