John Krige
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3660087 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John Krige |
| PRENOMES | John |
| SOBRENOME | Krige |
| ASSINATURA | KRIGE J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Georgia Institute of Technology |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 79 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1934 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
From co-produced hegemony to coerced imperial governance
This paper is inspired by recent analyses of the nature of imperial power that unbundle it from the modes of global governance performed by European rulers in the ‘Age of Empire’. While maintaining the defining features of the concept, it argues that today’s global Pax Americana is constituted by a variety of legal regulatory instruments that define the topography of an imperial regime through strategies of inclusion/exclusion that dilute the nat…
Debate
Regulating the circulation of technology is a powerful weapon to exercise global power. In August 2022, U.S. president Joe Biden moved to strangle China's high-end semiconductor industry by imposing a swath of export controls aimed at restricting the country's access to global semiconductor supply chains. While this chip war is usually framed as a bilateral conflict between Washington and Beijing, the success of the U.S. strategy depends on the a…
Mobilizing the Transnational History of Knowledge Flows. Covid-19 and the Politics of Research at the Borders
This is the final version. Available on open access from Routledge via the DOI in this record
Empires of knowledge
From the mid-nineteenth century onwards, the mobilization of knowledge as an adjunct to modern state power became essential to imperial projects worldwide. As traditional empires consolidated colon
Democracy in Exile
Reviewed by: Democracy in Exile: Hans Speier and the Rise of the Defense Intellectual by Daniel Bessner John Krige (bio) Democracy in Exile: Hans Speier and the Rise of the Defense Intellectual. By Daniel Bessner. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018. Pp. 312. Hardcover $35. Daniel Bessner's outstanding biography of the eminent and influential social scientist Hans Speier charts his intellectual and political efforts to promote democracy in the…
Regulating International Knowledge Exchange
Regulating International Knowledge ExchangeThe National Security State and the American Research University from the 1950s to Today John Krige (bio) The Presidential address on SHOT's 60th anniversary provides me with an opportunity to reflect on the origins of the Society, to identify themes that remain pertinent in the world today, and to offer some thoughts about our role going forward. This perspective is necessarily very personal and informe…
Witchcraft and Sorcery
How Knowledge Moves
Hybrid Identities<xref xml
This paper analyzes the permanent exhibition on the life of Qian Xuesen on the campus of Jiao Tong University in Shanghai. It highlights the emphasis placed in the exhibition on the transnational movement of Qian Xuesen, who spent about fifteen years in the United States, first as a student, then as a brilliant scientist and engineer. The exhibit also presents Qian Xuesen as a national hero, as a man for whom the sojourn abroad was merely a detou…
Beyond the Reach of Regulation? "Basic" and "Applied" Research in the Early Cold War United States
This article describes the place of the basic/applied science distinction in negotiations over the limits of secrecy between the U.S. "scientific" community and the American government. It combines an analysis of Vannevar Bush's key report to the President in 1945 with Congressional hearings in the late 1950s that were concerned about the increasingly vast scope of government controls over the circulation of knowledge. The concept of "basic resea…
Knowledge and Empire
Both of these books explore the relationship between the production of knowledge in the humanities and/or social sciences and the projection of American power abroad. Both raise important political and, for Price, moral questions about how intellectual work produced in educational institutions in the United States contributes to oppressive global agendas by an “imperial” hegemon. While one is uncompromisingly critical of the behavior of many Amer…
European integration as a peace project
Using the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s justification for awarding the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize to the European Union (EU) as a foil, this article examines the EU through the prism of being a peace project. It contends that European integration reflects a Wilsonian liberalism approach to building peace, which emphasizes free trade and democracy, but with a distinctly European twist; an additional emphasis on functional integration and institutionaliz…
Regulating the Academic “Marketplace of Ideas”
Two revolutions, not one, are transforming the research enterprise in American academia. One is the commercialization of research. The other is the regulation of research by the national security state that was accelerated by the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and focuses increasingly on the risk of sensitive knowledge leaking to China and other countries of concern. Commercialization temporarily restricts knowledge circulation to secure a patent for …
Nation, Knowledge, and Imagined Futures
With the collapse of colonial power beginning in 1945 and the emergence of new sovereign states – by 1965 the membership of the UN had increased from 51 to 117 – the post-World War II era affirmed
Euratom and the IAEA
The IAEA was saddled with one burden at its inception, a burden that dogged it for many years afterwards. It was that Euratom, which had formally come into being in 1958, was authorised to implement its own safeguards, i.e. it was accorded the right of ‘self-inspection’. The first US director of the IAEA, Sterling Cole, fought a bitter battle to have this overturned, insisting that it undermined the core mission of the Agency and that it set an i…
Science and Technology in the Global Cold War
US Technological Superiority and the Special Nuclear Relationship
Anglo-American nuclear relations from the mid-1950s on are marked by Britain's attempt to sustain its international significance as a Great Power even while it depended on a sustained flow of US nuclear secrets to build an ‘independent’ nuclear deterrent that could contribute usefully to the defence of Western Europe. A study of Anglo-American debates over the proliferation risks of gas-centrifuge enrichment in the late 1960s provides an ideal ca…
Hybrid knowledge
The ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of knowledge circulation is explored in a study of the encounter between American and British nuclear scientists and engineers who together developed a gas centrifuge to enrich uranium in the 1960s. A fine-grained analysis of the transnational encounter reveals that the ‘how’ engages a wide variety of sometimes mundane modes of exchange in a series of face-to-face interactions over several years. The ‘why’ is driven by the…
Forman
When Mel Kranzberg turned over the editorship of Technology and Culture in 1981, he assured me that I need not ‘run in exactly the same direction’ as before, even as he insisted that one thing shou
Defending the Nation
American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe
In 1945, the United States was not only the strongest economic and military power in the world; it was also the world's leader in science and technology. In American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe, John Krige describes the efforts of influential figures in the United States to model postwar scientific practices and institutions in Western Europe on those in America. They mobilized political and financial support to p…
Atoms for Peace, Scientific Internationalism, and Scientific Intelligence
The promotion of the benign atom as an instrument of American foreign policy and hegemonic ambitions was important to scientists and policy makers alike who sought to win “hearts and minds” in the early years of the cold war. The distribution of radioisotopes to friendly nations for research and medicinal purposes in the late 1940s was followed by Eisenhower’s far more spectacular Atoms for Peace initiative, announced at the United Nations in Dec…
How Users Matter
Carrying American Ideas to the Unconverted
Les études récentes sur l’« américanisation » des pratiques économiques et culturelles ont souligné que les Européens n’ont pas été des victimes passives d’un projet « colonisateur » mais qu’ils s’en sont approprié certains aspects de manière sélective, tout en en rejetant d’autres. Cette contribution élargit cette analyse au domaine scientifique. Elle retrace l’échec de la tentative d’exporter au niveau de l’OTAN un modèle de recherche opération…
Changing the Atmosphere
Changing the Atmosphere is essential reading for anyone interested in environmental issues, climate change and global warming in particular. Inspired by a science-studies approach, it treats scientific knowledge, and the people and institutions that produce it, not as value-neutral, consensually established inputs to policy debates, but rather as key components actually embedded in the formulation and legitimation of such debates and their outcom…
Atoms for Peace, Scientific Internationalism, and Scientific Intelligence
The promotion of the benign atom as an instrument of American foreign policy and hegemonic ambitions was important to scientists and policy makers alike who sought to win “hearts and minds” in the early years of the cold war. The distribution of radioisotopes to friendly nations for research and medicinal purposes in the late 1940s was followed by Eisenhower’s far more spectacular Atoms for Peace initiative, announced at the United Nations in Dec…
The Significance of Cattle Exchanges in Lovedu Social Structure
Opening ParagraphThe Louedu of the NE. Transvaal are patrilineal and marriage, which is patrilocal, involves (as it does among other S. Bantu tribes) the transfer of munywalo. This,institution has been variously interpreted as the legalization of the marriage, as a guarantee of a wife's status or good behaviour, and in terms of compensation, economic or ritual. But these interpretations are rather like parodies in which the emphasis on the featur…
Traditional Origins and Tribal Relationships of the Sotho of the Northern Transvaal
European integration as a peace project
Using the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s justification for awarding the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize to the European Union (EU) as a foil, this article examines the EU through the prism of being a peace project. It contends that European integration reflects a Wilsonian liberalism approach to building peace, which emphasizes free trade and democracy, but with a distinctly European twist; an additional emphasis on functional integration and institutionaliz…
Hybrid knowledge
The ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of knowledge circulation is explored in a study of the encounter between American and British nuclear scientists and engineers who together developed a gas centrifuge to enrich uranium in the 1960s. A fine-grained analysis of the transnational encounter reveals that the ‘how’ engages a wide variety of sometimes mundane modes of exchange in a series of face-to-face interactions over several years. The ‘why’ is driven by the…
The birth of Embo and the difficult road to EMBL
Nato and the Strengthening of Western Science in the Post-Sputnik Era
Bride-Wealth in Balobedu Marriage Ceremonies
(1934). BRIDE-WEALTH IN BALOBEDU MARRIAGE CEREMONIES. Bantu Studies: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 135-149
Carrying American Ideas to the Unconverted
Les études récentes sur l’« américanisation » des pratiques économiques et culturelles ont souligné que les Européens n’ont pas été des victimes passives d’un projet « colonisateur » mais qu’ils s’en sont approprié certains aspects de manière sélective, tout en en rejetant d’autres. Cette contribution élargit cette analyse au domaine scientifique. Elle retrace l’échec de la tentative d’exporter au niveau de l’OTAN un modèle de recherche opération…
Distrust and Discovery
This essay describes the microhistorical process whereby different groups of scientific actors (competing teams of physicists at the research front, the laboratory directorate) came to claim that a new fundamental particle (the W boson) had been discovered at CERN. Particular attention is paid to the role of trust, and of distrust, in the directorate's planning of the experimental program and in their interpretation and promotion of its first res…
A Critique of Irvine and Martin's Methodology for Evaluating Big Science
The work of John Irvine and Ben Martin (IM) deserves serious attention. The range of their studies is wide, they address themselves to issues of importance, particularly to science policy makers, their output is considerable, and they have made a marked impact not only in the scientific community, but also well beyond. Yet impact is not the same thing as quality, as IM would readily agree. And though there is much to recommend in IM's work; its v…
Publication and Citation Practices of Brazilian Agricultural Scientists
The formal communication system of agricultural scientists working at two major teaching and research centres in Brazil is investigated with an eye on formulating policies to improve it. To avoid the pitfalls surrounding the use of sources like the Science Citation Index in this area, a sample of the articles actually published by the scientists was used to construct the data base. Results are presented on where the scientists publish, on the con…
The magical thought‐pattern of the Bantu in relation to health services
1944). The magical thought‐pattern of the Bantu in relation to health services. African Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-13
Debate
Regulating the circulation of technology is a powerful weapon to exercise global power. In August 2022, U.S. president Joe Biden moved to strangle China's high-end semiconductor industry by imposing a swath of export controls aimed at restricting the country's access to global semiconductor supply chains. While this chip war is usually framed as a bilateral conflict between Washington and Beijing, the success of the U.S. strategy depends on the a…
US Technological Superiority and the Special Nuclear Relationship
Anglo-American nuclear relations from the mid-1950s on are marked by Britain's attempt to sustain its international significance as a Great Power even while it depended on a sustained flow of US nuclear secrets to build an ‘independent’ nuclear deterrent that could contribute usefully to the defence of Western Europe. A study of Anglo-American debates over the proliferation risks of gas-centrifuge enrichment in the late 1960s provides an ideal ca…
The 1984 Nobel Physics Prize for Heterogeneous Engineering
Crossing the Interface from R&D to Operational Use
L'auteur essaie de comprendre pourquoi le centre de recherche spatiale mit autant de temps a livrer le programme satellite meteorologique aux meteorologistes qui devaient l'utiliser. Un conflit interne opposait les promoteurs du projet, pousses dans leur envie de montrer leur superiorite technologique, aux utilisateurs du programme qui devaient reparametrer les donnees du programme afin que celui-ci soit plus adapte et efficace. Ces problemes, aj…
A Study of Lovedu Society
Some Aspects of Lovhedu Judicial Arrangements
Bride-Wealth in Balobedu Marriage Ceremonies
(1934). BRIDE-WEALTH IN BALOBEDU MARRIAGE CEREMONIES. Bantu Studies: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 135-149
Traditional Origins and Tribal Relationships of the Sotho of the Northern Transvaal
Some Aspects of Lovhedu Judicial Arrangements
The Significance of Cattle Exchanges in Lovedu Social Structure
Opening ParagraphThe Louedu of the NE. Transvaal are patrilineal and marriage, which is patrilocal, involves (as it does among other S. Bantu tribes) the transfer of munywalo. This,institution has been variously interpreted as the legalization of the marriage, as a guarantee of a wife's status or good behaviour, and in terms of compensation, economic or ritual. But these interpretations are rather like parodies in which the emphasis on the featur…
A Study of Lovedu Society
The magical thought‐pattern of the Bantu in relation to health services
1944). The magical thought‐pattern of the Bantu in relation to health services. African Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-13
Life in a South African Tribe
Popper's Epistemology and the Autonomy of Science
Philosophical prejudice and political commitment have blinded Popper and his supporters to the internal contradictions within his epistemology On the one hand, his 'Three World' doctrine, founded on his anti-psychologism, is incompatible with the critical epistemological programme which he advocates On the other hand, his hostility to Marxism/planning is one factor which leads him to identify open mindedness with a willingness to accept conclusiv…
Science, Revolution and Discontinuity
Publication and Citation Practices of Brazilian Agricultural Scientists
The formal communication system of agricultural scientists working at two major teaching and research centres in Brazil is investigated with an eye on formulating policies to improve it. To avoid the pitfalls surrounding the use of sources like the Science Citation Index in this area, a sample of the articles actually published by the scientists was used to construct the data base. Results are presented on where the scientists publish, on the con…
A Critique of Irvine and Martin's Methodology for Evaluating Big Science
The work of John Irvine and Ben Martin (IM) deserves serious attention. The range of their studies is wide, they address themselves to issues of importance, particularly to science policy makers, their output is considerable, and they have made a marked impact not only in the scientific community, but also well beyond. Yet impact is not the same thing as quality, as IM would readily agree. And though there is much to recommend in IM's work; its v…
Science, Revolution and Discontinuity
History of Cern, tome 2
Early European attempts in launcher technology
The rise and fall of Esro's first major scientific project, the large astronomical satellite (Las) 1
Lawrence and His Laboratory
170 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Lawrence and His Laboratory: A History ofthe Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, vol. 1. By J. L. Heilbron and Robert W. Seidel. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. Pp. xxvii + 586; illustrations, tables, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95. This book describes the founding, in the early 1930s, and the first decade of development of one of the most important scientific laboratories in t…
Lawrence and His Laboratory
Inside Nasa
Europe in Space, 1960-1973
A New Force at a New Frontier
Launching Europe
Air Apparent
Crossing the Interface from R&D to Operational Use
L'auteur essaie de comprendre pourquoi le centre de recherche spatiale mit autant de temps a livrer le programme satellite meteorologique aux meteorologistes qui devaient l'utiliser. Un conflit interne opposait les promoteurs du projet, pousses dans leur envie de montrer leur superiorite technologique, aux utilisateurs du programme qui devaient reparametrer les donnees du programme afin que celui-ci soit plus adapte et efficace. Ces problemes, aj…
Nato and the Strengthening of Western Science in the Post-Sputnik Era
The 1984 Nobel Physics Prize for Heterogeneous Engineering
Political science (32 obras) · Sociology (26 obras) · Law (25 obras) · Politics (16 obras) · Philosophy (14 obras) · Computer Science (13 obras) · Engineering (13 obras) · International Science and Diplomacy (11 obras) · Law (11 obras) · History (10 obras)