Ellen Garrett
Biographic Data
| ID | 366102 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ellen Garrett |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ellen |
| FAMILY NAME | Garrett |
| SIGNATURE | GARRETT E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5971-9675 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 133 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 32 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
How Can a Combination of Historical Demography and Prosopographical Methods Aid the Understanding of Causes of Death? An Illustration Using Maternal Mortality as an Example
The growing availability of individual-level historic cause of death data is allowing increased insight into the construction of official mortality statistics, the role of changing medical provision and knowledge, and the practices of individual medical practitioners. Even the most detailed demographic data can shed little light on the particular choices that doctors made, however. We argue that a mixed methods approach, combining demographic and…
From Deathbed to Database Using ICD10h
This paper describes the development of, and principles behind, ICD10h, a system for the coding and categorisation of individual-level causes of death from 1855 to the present day. ICD10h provides an adaptation of the WHO's ICD10 (2016 version) which, by supplying additional codes for archaic terms together with a suggested categorisation, allows broad disease groups to be followed over time. It is a flexible system, which allows researchers to c…
Social class differentials in infant mortality, Ipswich 1871–1909
Class differentials in infant mortality were first established for England and Wales following analysis of answers given to the 1911 census. While estimates of these differentials have been made for earlier periods using indirect methods, for the first time this article provides class-specific infant mortality rates based on births and infant deaths in a large English town. Using information provided in Ipswich’s smallpox vaccination registers fo…
Fatal Places? Contextual Effects on Infant and Child Mortality in Early Twentieth Century England and Wales
This paper takes, as its starting point, Preston and Haines’ observation in Fatal Years that social class was the most important influence on infant and child mortality in England and Wales in the early twentieth century. A subsequent study suggested that this could in part be due to the spatial distribution of the different classes across different types of place, and that some of the mortality differences by social class might actually reflect …
What was Killing Babies in Ipswich Between 1872 and 1909
This paper examines the causes of infant mortality for the port town of Ipswich between 1872 and 1909. Ipswich is the only town in England for which a complete run of computer-readable, individual-level causes of death are available in the late 19th and early 20th century. Our work makes use of the ICD10h coding system being developed to contribute to two projects: Digitising Scotland (University of Edinburgh) and SHiP — Studying the history of H…
Violetta Hionidou, Abortion and Contraception in Modern Greece, 1830–1967
Violetta Hionidou, Abortion and Contraception in Modern Greece, 1830–1967: Medicine, Sexuality and Popular Culture (London: Palgrave Macmillan 2020). Pages xix + 361 + b/w illustrations 2 + colour illustrations 11. £69.99 hardback, £49.99 paperback, £55.99 ebook. - Volume 36 Issue 2
Linking Scottish vital event records using family groups
The reconstitution of populations through linkage of historical records is a powerful approach to generate longitudinal historical microdata resources of interest to researchers in various fields. Here we consider automated linking of the vital events recorded in the civil registers of birth, death and marriage compiled in Scotland, to bring together the various records associated with the demographic events in the life course of each individual …
Revisiting the Fertility Transition in England and Wales
We use individual-level census data for England and Wales for the period 1851–1911 to investigate the interplay between social class and geographical context determining patterns of childbearing during the fertility transition. We also consider the effect of spatial mobility or lifetime migration on individual fertility behavior in the early phases of demographic modernization. Prior research on the fertility transition in England and Wales has d…
Adapting the Own Children Method to allow comparison of fertility between populations with different marriage regimes
The Own Children Method (OCM) is an indirect procedure for deriving age-specific fertility rates and total fertility from children living with their mothers at a census or survey. The method was designed primarily for the calculation of overall fertility, although there are variants that allow the calculation of marital fertility. In this paper we argue that the standard variants for calculating marital fertility can produce misleading results an…
Mortality, Work and Migration. A Consideration of Age-specific Mortality from Tuberculosis in Scotland, 1861-1901
This paper provides an examination into some of the most enduring debates regarding tuberculosis mortality during the nineteenth century: those related to gender, geographic and temporal variations. We use populations reconstructed from individual census and civil register data for the period 1861 to 1901, comparing a growing urban area with a declining rural area, both with around 20,000 inhabitants in 1861. Our analysis shows that among young a…
Household and family structure in England and Wales (1851–1911)
This article produces the first findings on changes in household and family structure in England and Wales during 1851–1911, using the recently available Integrated Census Microdata (I-CeM) – a complete count database of individual-level data extending to some 188 million records. As such, it extends and updates the important overview article published in Continuity and Change by Michael Anderson in 1988. The I-CeM data shed new light on transiti…
Medical provision and urban-rural differences in maternal mortality in late nineteenth century Scotland
This paper examines the effect of variable reporting and coding practices on the measurement of maternal mortality in urban and rural Scotland, 1861-1901, using recorded causes of death and women who died within six weeks of childbirth. This setting provides data (n = 604 maternal deaths) to compare maternal mortality identified by cause of death with maternal mortality identified by record linkage and to contrast urban and rural settings with di…
A confession of ignorance’
A large amount of the research undertaken in an attempt to discover the reasons underlying the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mortality decline in Britain has relied on the statistics published by the Registrars General. The processes by which individual causes of death are recorded and then processed in order to create the statistics are not, however, well understood. In this article, the authors build on previous work to piece tog…
Doctors and the causes of neonatal death in Scotland in the second half of the nineteenth century
Cet article examine les causes de la mortalité néonatale dans deux communautés très différentes de l’Écosse de la seconde moitié du xix e siècle. Les certificats de décès individuels permettent la comparaison des causes de décès telles qu’elles sont enregistrées par différents médecins et par d’autres informateurs. L’article conclut que la plupart des médecins offraient presque toujours une explication de la mort à consonance médicale, mais elle …
The changing body
Vulnerability among illegitimate children in nineteenth century Scotland
Resume Les enfants naturels forment, comme on sait, un groupe particulierement vulnerable, mais les raisons en sont encore mysterieuses. Cet article utilise des registres demographiques longitudinaux (obtenus en croisant les donnees des registres d’etat civil avec celles des recensements decennaux de la periode 1861-1901) portant sur l’ile ecossaise de Skye pour enqueter sur le niveau et les causes du desavantage dont souffraient les enfants ille…
The history of human populations, II
Changing Family Size in England and Wales
This volume is an important study in demographic history. It draws on the individual returns from the 1891, 1901 and 1911 censuses of England and Wales, to which Garrett, Reid, Schürer and Szreter were permitted access ahead of scheduled release dates. Using the responses of the inhabitants of thirteen communities to the special questions included in the 1911 'fertility' census, they consider the interactions between the social, economic and phys…
Reproduction, Compositional Demography, and Economic Growth
This article offers a radical reinterpretation of the chronology of control over reproduction in England's history. It argues that, as a result of post-World War II policy preoccupations, there has been too narrow a focus in the literature on the significance of reductions in marital fertility. In England's case this is conventionally dated to have occurred from 1876, long after the industrial revolution. With a wider angle focus on "reproduction…
Was women's work bad for babies? A view from the 1911 census of England and Wales
Comments penned in the late-Victorian and Edwardian eras leave few doubts that many contemporaries believed that women's work (in the sense of paid employment), particularly that of married women, was bad for babies. Mothers who were employed in industry received particular condemnation, accused by their critics of abandoning their children with the most inadequate of childcare arrangements. As H. Jones, a doctor, put it in 1894: The children of …
Local Communities in the Victorian Enumerators' Books
The Population History of Britain and Ireland 1500-1750
Thinking of England and taking care
Debates concerning the origins and development of the late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century declines in marital fertility and infant mortality in England and Wales have been centred largely on the material provided by answers to the ¿special' questions in the 1911 census. In their published form these figures have restricted researchers to an examination of large scale geographic and social class differences in the levels and rates of decli…
Suffer the little children
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Satanic Mills, Pleasant Lands
Eilidh Garrett, Alice Reid; Satanic Mills, Pleasant Lands: Spatial Variation in Women's Work, Fertility and Infant Mortality as viewed from the 1911 Census
Transitions to Parenthood
This study explores marital processes that may underlie the apparent decline in satisfaction with marriage in partners becoming parents for the first time. We assessed 47 couples expecting a first child and 15 couples not yet decided about having children at pretest, post 1 (6 months postpartum or 9 months after pretest) and post 2 (18 months postpartum or 21 months after pretest). Questionnaires examined (1) psychological sense of self; (2) part…
Reproduction, Compositional Demography, and Economic Growth
This article offers a radical reinterpretation of the chronology of control over reproduction in England's history. It argues that, as a result of post-World War II policy preoccupations, there has been too narrow a focus in the literature on the significance of reductions in marital fertility. In England's case this is conventionally dated to have occurred from 1876, long after the industrial revolution. With a wider angle focus on "reproduction…
Household and family structure in England and Wales (1851–1911)
This article produces the first findings on changes in household and family structure in England and Wales during 1851–1911, using the recently available Integrated Census Microdata (I-CeM) – a complete count database of individual-level data extending to some 188 million records. As such, it extends and updates the important overview article published in Continuity and Change by Michael Anderson in 1988. The I-CeM data shed new light on transiti…
Adapting the Own Children Method to allow comparison of fertility between populations with different marriage regimes
The Own Children Method (OCM) is an indirect procedure for deriving age-specific fertility rates and total fertility from children living with their mothers at a census or survey. The method was designed primarily for the calculation of overall fertility, although there are variants that allow the calculation of marital fertility. In this paper we argue that the standard variants for calculating marital fertility can produce misleading results an…
Revisiting the Fertility Transition in England and Wales
We use individual-level census data for England and Wales for the period 1851–1911 to investigate the interplay between social class and geographical context determining patterns of childbearing during the fertility transition. We also consider the effect of spatial mobility or lifetime migration on individual fertility behavior in the early phases of demographic modernization. Prior research on the fertility transition in England and Wales has d…
Satanic Mills, Pleasant Lands
Eilidh Garrett, Alice Reid; Satanic Mills, Pleasant Lands: Spatial Variation in Women's Work, Fertility and Infant Mortality as viewed from the 1911 Census
The trials of labour
Longtemps on a cru que le travail de la femme mariée était lié au bas niveau de fertilité des mâles actifs dans certains emplois. En utilisant des dénombrements il est possible d'examiner l'attitude des couples pour ce qui regarde la fertilité, à l'aide d'un bon nombre de combinaisons des divers emplois. Cet article nous apprend que l'on trouve un lien entre le travail féminin et une basse fertilité à Keighley, dans le West Yorkshire, mais cette …
Thinking of England and taking care
Debates concerning the origins and development of the late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century declines in marital fertility and infant mortality in England and Wales have been centred largely on the material provided by answers to the ¿special' questions in the 1911 census. In their published form these figures have restricted researchers to an examination of large scale geographic and social class differences in the levels and rates of decli…
Fatal Places? Contextual Effects on Infant and Child Mortality in Early Twentieth Century England and Wales
This paper takes, as its starting point, Preston and Haines’ observation in Fatal Years that social class was the most important influence on infant and child mortality in England and Wales in the early twentieth century. A subsequent study suggested that this could in part be due to the spatial distribution of the different classes across different types of place, and that some of the mortality differences by social class might actually reflect …
A confession of ignorance’
A large amount of the research undertaken in an attempt to discover the reasons underlying the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mortality decline in Britain has relied on the statistics published by the Registrars General. The processes by which individual causes of death are recorded and then processed in order to create the statistics are not, however, well understood. In this article, the authors build on previous work to piece tog…
Medical provision and urban-rural differences in maternal mortality in late nineteenth century Scotland
This paper examines the effect of variable reporting and coding practices on the measurement of maternal mortality in urban and rural Scotland, 1861-1901, using recorded causes of death and women who died within six weeks of childbirth. This setting provides data (n = 604 maternal deaths) to compare maternal mortality identified by cause of death with maternal mortality identified by record linkage and to contrast urban and rural settings with di…
Was women's work bad for babies? A view from the 1911 census of England and Wales
Comments penned in the late-Victorian and Edwardian eras leave few doubts that many contemporaries believed that women's work (in the sense of paid employment), particularly that of married women, was bad for babies. Mothers who were employed in industry received particular condemnation, accused by their critics of abandoning their children with the most inadequate of childcare arrangements. As H. Jones, a doctor, put it in 1894: The children of …
Transitions to Parenthood
This study explores marital processes that may underlie the apparent decline in satisfaction with marriage in partners becoming parents for the first time. We assessed 47 couples expecting a first child and 15 couples not yet decided about having children at pretest, post 1 (6 months postpartum or 9 months after pretest) and post 2 (18 months postpartum or 21 months after pretest). Questionnaires examined (1) psychological sense of self; (2) part…
The trials of labour
Longtemps on a cru que le travail de la femme mariée était lié au bas niveau de fertilité des mâles actifs dans certains emplois. En utilisant des dénombrements il est possible d'examiner l'attitude des couples pour ce qui regarde la fertilité, à l'aide d'un bon nombre de combinaisons des divers emplois. Cet article nous apprend que l'on trouve un lien entre le travail féminin et une basse fertilité à Keighley, dans le West Yorkshire, mais cette …
Western Europe
Plague in Sydney
The Shadow of the Mills
Fatal Years
Suffer the little children
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Satanic Mills, Pleasant Lands
Eilidh Garrett, Alice Reid; Satanic Mills, Pleasant Lands: Spatial Variation in Women's Work, Fertility and Infant Mortality as viewed from the 1911 Census
Friends in Life and Death
Thinking of England and taking care
Debates concerning the origins and development of the late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century declines in marital fertility and infant mortality in England and Wales have been centred largely on the material provided by answers to the ¿special' questions in the 1911 census. In their published form these figures have restricted researchers to an examination of large scale geographic and social class differences in the levels and rates of decli…
The Population History of Britain and Ireland 1500-1750
Was women's work bad for babies? A view from the 1911 census of England and Wales
Comments penned in the late-Victorian and Edwardian eras leave few doubts that many contemporaries believed that women's work (in the sense of paid employment), particularly that of married women, was bad for babies. Mothers who were employed in industry received particular condemnation, accused by their critics of abandoning their children with the most inadequate of childcare arrangements. As H. Jones, a doctor, put it in 1894: The children of …
Local Communities in the Victorian Enumerators' Books
Reproduction, Compositional Demography, and Economic Growth
This article offers a radical reinterpretation of the chronology of control over reproduction in England's history. It argues that, as a result of post-World War II policy preoccupations, there has been too narrow a focus in the literature on the significance of reductions in marital fertility. In England's case this is conventionally dated to have occurred from 1876, long after the industrial revolution. With a wider angle focus on "reproduction…
Changing Family Size in England and Wales
This volume is an important study in demographic history. It draws on the individual returns from the 1891, 1901 and 1911 censuses of England and Wales, to which Garrett, Reid, Schürer and Szreter were permitted access ahead of scheduled release dates. Using the responses of the inhabitants of thirteen communities to the special questions included in the 1911 'fertility' census, they consider the interactions between the social, economic and phys…
The history of human populations, II
Vulnerability among illegitimate children in nineteenth century Scotland
Resume Les enfants naturels forment, comme on sait, un groupe particulierement vulnerable, mais les raisons en sont encore mysterieuses. Cet article utilise des registres demographiques longitudinaux (obtenus en croisant les donnees des registres d’etat civil avec celles des recensements decennaux de la periode 1861-1901) portant sur l’ile ecossaise de Skye pour enqueter sur le niveau et les causes du desavantage dont souffraient les enfants ille…
Doctors and the causes of neonatal death in Scotland in the second half of the nineteenth century
Cet article examine les causes de la mortalité néonatale dans deux communautés très différentes de l’Écosse de la seconde moitié du xix e siècle. Les certificats de décès individuels permettent la comparaison des causes de décès telles qu’elles sont enregistrées par différents médecins et par d’autres informateurs. L’article conclut que la plupart des médecins offraient presque toujours une explication de la mort à consonance médicale, mais elle …
The changing body
A confession of ignorance’
A large amount of the research undertaken in an attempt to discover the reasons underlying the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mortality decline in Britain has relied on the statistics published by the Registrars General. The processes by which individual causes of death are recorded and then processed in order to create the statistics are not, however, well understood. In this article, the authors build on previous work to piece tog…
Mortality, Work and Migration. A Consideration of Age-specific Mortality from Tuberculosis in Scotland, 1861-1901
This paper provides an examination into some of the most enduring debates regarding tuberculosis mortality during the nineteenth century: those related to gender, geographic and temporal variations. We use populations reconstructed from individual census and civil register data for the period 1861 to 1901, comparing a growing urban area with a declining rural area, both with around 20,000 inhabitants in 1861. Our analysis shows that among young a…
Household and family structure in England and Wales (1851–1911)
This article produces the first findings on changes in household and family structure in England and Wales during 1851–1911, using the recently available Integrated Census Microdata (I-CeM) – a complete count database of individual-level data extending to some 188 million records. As such, it extends and updates the important overview article published in Continuity and Change by Michael Anderson in 1988. The I-CeM data shed new light on transiti…
Medical provision and urban-rural differences in maternal mortality in late nineteenth century Scotland
This paper examines the effect of variable reporting and coding practices on the measurement of maternal mortality in urban and rural Scotland, 1861-1901, using recorded causes of death and women who died within six weeks of childbirth. This setting provides data (n = 604 maternal deaths) to compare maternal mortality identified by cause of death with maternal mortality identified by record linkage and to contrast urban and rural settings with di…
Linking Scottish vital event records using family groups
The reconstitution of populations through linkage of historical records is a powerful approach to generate longitudinal historical microdata resources of interest to researchers in various fields. Here we consider automated linking of the vital events recorded in the civil registers of birth, death and marriage compiled in Scotland, to bring together the various records associated with the demographic events in the life course of each individual …
Revisiting the Fertility Transition in England and Wales
We use individual-level census data for England and Wales for the period 1851–1911 to investigate the interplay between social class and geographical context determining patterns of childbearing during the fertility transition. We also consider the effect of spatial mobility or lifetime migration on individual fertility behavior in the early phases of demographic modernization. Prior research on the fertility transition in England and Wales has d…
Sociology (25 works) · Demography (21 works) · Geography (18 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (17 works) · History (17 works) · Population (15 works) · Demography (10 works) · Genealogy (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Census (9 works)