A R George
Biographic Data
| ID | 3662282 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A R George |
| GIVEN NAMES | A R |
| FAMILY NAME | George |
| SIGNATURE | GEORGE A R |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Enkidu and the Harlot
This article presents a newly deciphered Old Babylonian fragment of the Epic of Gilgameš. The passages of text preserved on it tell of Enkidu’s encounter with the prostitute and of his arrival in the city of Uruk, and clarify the relationship between other sources for the same episode. The perceived difference between the Old and Standard Babylonian poems’ treatment of Enkidu’s seduction disappears. The extant versions can be reconciled in a sing…
Ancient Mesopotamian Religion and Mythology
The late W.G. Lambert (1926-2011) was one of the foremost Assyriologists of the latter part of the twentieth century. His principle legacy is a large number of superb critical editions of Babylonian literary compositions. Many of the texts he edited were on religious and mythological subjects. He will always be remembered as the editor of the Babylonian Job ( Ludlul bel nemeqi , also known as the Poem of the Righteous Sufferer), the Babylonian Fl…
Primeval Flood Catastrophe
The Primeval Flood Catastrophe: Origins and Early Development in Mesopotamian Traditions. By Y. S. Chen. Oxford Oriental Monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xiii + 314, 16 plts. $175. The Ark before Noah: Decoding the Story of the Flood. By Irving Finkel. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2014. Pp. x + 421, 16 plts. £19.99
On Babylonian Lavatories and Sewers
This study begins by examining the archaeological and documentary evidence for lavatories (toilets) and foul-water drains in ancient Mesopotamian dwelling houses. It goes on to investigate the use, etymology and history of the Akkadian word asurrû : in the Old Babylonian period it served mainly as a term for a kind of foul-water drain or “sewer” but later shed that meaning.
The Gods Išum and Ḫendursanga
The ancient Mesopotamian gods Ium and endursanga have been studied separately and together. 1 It is not the purpose here to repeat the evidence and ideas put forward in these studies, but to explore a role of these two gods that has repercussions for our knowledge of the urban environment in ancient Mesopotamia
Back to the Cedar Forest
The Dogs of Ninkilim, part two
This article presents editions of all the extant Babylonian incantations against field pests. The sources date to the first millennium BC and many have not been published before. They are mostly tablets of the Neo-Assyrian period, from Ashurbanipal's library at Nineveh, but the corpus also contains some Neo-Babylonian fragments from Nineveh, as well as a tablet from Sultantepe (ancient Huzirina) and two Late Babylonian tablets from southern Mesop…
Akkadian turru (ṭurru B) “corner angle”, and the walls of Babylon
This article (a) examines the Akkadian word turru, sometimes ṭurru, in architectural contexts and finds it to designate an angle at the intersection of two walls. In the light of this discovery the article goes on (b) to elucidate passages of Nebuchadnezzar II's inscriptions that describe his construction of the defences of Babylon on either side of the Ištar Gate, and (c) to consider other instances of turru, from which it emerges (d) that the m…
Tablets from the Sippar Library XIII Enūma Anu Ellil XX
The Sippar Library tablet IM 124485 is a new source for Tablet XX of Enūma Anu Ellil (EAE) , the great compilation of Babylonian celestial and meteorological omens. The twentieth tablet of the series, which deals principally with lunar eclipses on the fourteenth day of each month of the year, was edited by Francesca Rochberg in 1988 along with all the other tablets of lunar-eclipse omens in EAE (Rochberg-Halton 1988: Chapter 10). Rochberg was una…
The Royal libraries of Nineveh
The two tablets published here for the first time, BM 45642 and BM 28825, are edited together for good reason, for the historical background of both texts is very probably the same episode in King Ashurbanipal's drive to acquire scribal learning. Where BM 28825 concerns the reception of the Assyrian king's demand for tablets among the citizens of Babylon, BM 45642 deals with the reaction of scholars of nearby Borsippa to a similar royal message. …
Tablets from the Sippar Library XI. The Babylonian Almanac
The Babylonian Almanac is a text that gives abbreviated prescriptions for the days of the year. Since it was last edited, by René Labat in 1941 (“Un almanach babylonien”, RA 38, 13–40), new sources for the almanac have steadily accrued. Two more copies of the text have been identified among the tablets of the library discovered in the temple of Šamaš at Sippar by archaeologists of the University of Baghdad in 1986. Both are full almanacs, that is…
Tablets from the Sippar Library. VII. Three Wisdom Texts
The present article in the series begun in Iraq 52 and continued in Volumes 56–8 offers three tablets from the Sippar library which add to our knowledge of the genre of Babylonian literature known today as “wisdom”: a manuscript of Tablet I of Ludlul bēl nēmeqi (The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer), a copy of the great Šamaš Hymn, and a tablet inscribed with a small collection of proverbs.Since W. G. Lambert's edition of Ludlul in Babylonian Wisdo…
House Most High
Tablets from the Sippar Library VI. Atra-ḫasīs
The Babylonian myth known to the ancients as Enūma ilū awëlum, “When the Gods Were Man”, and to modern scholarship as the Epic of Atra-ḫasīs, tells the wondrous story of the creation of mankind, of the attempts of the king of the gods, Enlil, to reduce the overpopulation that resulted from its unchecked reproduction — by plague, drought, famine and, most disastrously, the Deluge — and of the measures then taken by the gods to keep mankind's futur…
Tablets from the Sippar Library V. An Incantation from Mīs pî
The tablet IM 124645 was excavated in 1986 in niche 3 A of the library. It offers a version of an incantation from Tablet III of Mīs pî, the series of rituals that accompanied the restoration and re-animation of divine statues. In the incantation a purification priest requests the gods Ea, Šamaš and Asalluḫi to “determine the destiny” of the divine statue so that it may be provided with a mouth to eat and ears to hear. Our knowledge of this incan…
The Bricks of E-Sagil
The intention of this article is to continue the process of comparing modern archaeological data relating to Babylon and its buildings with the ancient written sources. Previous work has produced results for the topography of the city, particularly the location of the city's gates, quarters and temples, and has achieved some success with two individual structures, namely the temple of Marduk under the mound Amran ibn Ali, and the eastern city wal…
Tablets from the Sippar Library. III. Two Royal Counterfeits
This article continues the publication of tablets from the library of the temple of Šamaš at Sippar begun in volume 52 of this journal. Presented here are the library's copies of two texts which have in common the fact that they are not what they purport to be: Maništūšu's cruciform monument, and a literary letter of Samsu-iluna. Both texts are clearly fictitious compositions which postdate their supposed royal authors by a long time. Their purpo…
Tablets from the Sippar library III. Two Royal Counterfeits
This article continues the publication of tablets from the library of the temple of Šamaš at Sippar begun in volume 52 of this journal. Presented here are the library's copies of two texts which have in common the fact that they are not what they purport to be: Maništūšu's cruciform monument, and a literary letter of Samsu-iluna. Both texts are clearly fictitious compositions which postdate their supposed royal authors by a long time. Their purpo…
Ninurta-Pāqidāt's Dog Bite, and Notes on Other Comic Tales
A new look at the three best-known examples of Babylonian humour prompts a revised edition of one text, the Tale of Ninurta-pāqidāt's Dog Bite, and gives an opportunity to present significant new collations of the other two, At the Cleaners, and the Tale of the Poor Man of Nippur.This text, inscribed on a Neo-Babylonian tablet excavated in a private house at Uruk, is the most recently discovered of the comic tales that are the subject of this pap…
Schalf, Kindchen, Schlaf! Mesopotamische Baby-Beschwörungen und -Rituale . Walter Farber
Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (to 1115 BC) . A. Kirk Grayson
Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk, Pt. 3 . Egbert von Weiher
Cuneiform Archives and Libraries
Babylon revisited
The recent publication of cuneiform texts relating to Babylon allows a reassessment of the city's topography, and sheds light on the remains discovered by Robert Koldewey and more recent excavators. A comparison of the archaeological and documentary evidence relating to selected structures of the city provides examples of the ways in which archaeology and philology can successfully complement each other
Inscriptions from Tell al-Hawa 1987-88
In 1987 and 1988 the British Archaeological Expedition to Iraq conducted two further seasons of excavations at Tell al-Hawa in the north Jezirah. The inscribed objects recovered during these excavations were an Old Babylonian tablet, an inscribed Neo-Assyrian potsherd, fragments of inscribed cones of Shalmaneser III, and a piece of stamped brick. They are published here as texts nos. 1–4.No. 1. IM 113547 (HW 236). Fig. 1No. 1 is the very damaged …
Cuneiform Texts in the Birmingham City Museum
The Birmingham City Museum's collection of cuneiform documents has been assembled over the years from a variety of sources. Many of the Sumerian royal inscriptions are from Sir Leonard Woolley's excavations at Ur (1922–34); most of the Assyrian material is derived from R. Campbell Thompson's excavations at Nineveh (1927–32), and the excavations of Sir Max Mallowan at Nimrud (1949–63). Where known, excavation numbers are given in the catalogue. Th…
"Observations on a Passage of "Inanna's Descent
Sennacherib and the Tablet of Destinies
K 6177 + 8869 is a copy in Neo-Babylonian script, now in the British Museum's Kuyunjik collection, of probably no more than two short inscriptions. Only its bottom half is extant, and so the first inscription is lost to us all but its last few fragmentary lines, which conclude a prayer (Text A). After a ruling a second, much better preserved text is given, and it is this, an inscription of Sennacherib in high literary style, which is of interest …
Three Middle Assyrian Tablets in the British Museum
Tablets of the Middle Assyrian period are rare in the collections of the British Museum, principally because the German excavations at Aššur, from which most come, were plainly more carefully controlled than many early excavations. Thus it is a pleasure to place this article, which presents three Middle Assyrian tablets, in a volume celebrating Lady Mallowan and Prof. D. J. Wiseman, to both of whom Assyriology is grateful for the edition of many …
Brigitte R. M. Groneberg
Brigitte R. M. Groneberg: Syntax, Morphologie und Stil der jungbabylonischen ‘hymnischen’ Literatur. Teil 1: Grammatik. Teil 2: Belegsammlung und Textkatalog. x190Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH1987. - Volume 52 Issue 2
Inscriptions from Tell al-Hawa 1987-88
In 1987 and 1988 the British Archaeological Expedition to Iraq conducted two further seasons of excavations at Tell al-Hawa in the north Jezirah. The inscribed objects recovered during these excavations were an Old Babylonian tablet, an inscribed Neo-Assyrian potsherd, fragments of inscribed cones of Shalmaneser III, and a piece of stamped brick. They are published here as texts nos. 1–4.No. 1. IM 113547 (HW 236). Fig. 1No. 1 is the very damaged …
Tablets from the Sippar Library
As work continues on the Neo-Babylonian library recently discovered within the precincts of the temple of Shamash at Sippar, it is becoming clearer that much of its contents is already well known to us. Only a very small number of completely new texts have been identified so far, and our reaction to the material retrieved is at present much as that of a previous generation of scholars to the Sultantepe tablets. We are confirmed in our belief that…
The Day the Earth Divided
Article The Day the Earth Divided: a Geological Aetiology in the Babylonian Gilgameš Epic was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie (volume 80, issue 1-2)
Ninurta-Pāqidāt's Dog Bite, and Notes on Other Comic Tales
A new look at the three best-known examples of Babylonian humour prompts a revised edition of one text, the Tale of Ninurta-pāqidāt's Dog Bite, and gives an opportunity to present significant new collations of the other two, At the Cleaners, and the Tale of the Poor Man of Nippur.This text, inscribed on a Neo-Babylonian tablet excavated in a private house at Uruk, is the most recently discovered of the comic tales that are the subject of this pap…
Schalf, Kindchen, Schlaf! Mesopotamische Baby-Beschwörungen und -Rituale . Walter Farber
Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (to 1115 BC) . A. Kirk Grayson
Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk, Pt. 3 . Egbert von Weiher
Cuneiform Archives and Libraries
Babylon revisited
The recent publication of cuneiform texts relating to Babylon allows a reassessment of the city's topography, and sheds light on the remains discovered by Robert Koldewey and more recent excavators. A comparison of the archaeological and documentary evidence relating to selected structures of the city provides examples of the ways in which archaeology and philology can successfully complement each other
Tablets from the Sippar Library. III. Two Royal Counterfeits
This article continues the publication of tablets from the library of the temple of Šamaš at Sippar begun in volume 52 of this journal. Presented here are the library's copies of two texts which have in common the fact that they are not what they purport to be: Maništūšu's cruciform monument, and a literary letter of Samsu-iluna. Both texts are clearly fictitious compositions which postdate their supposed royal authors by a long time. Their purpo…
Tablets from the Sippar library III. Two Royal Counterfeits
This article continues the publication of tablets from the library of the temple of Šamaš at Sippar begun in volume 52 of this journal. Presented here are the library's copies of two texts which have in common the fact that they are not what they purport to be: Maništūšu's cruciform monument, and a literary letter of Samsu-iluna. Both texts are clearly fictitious compositions which postdate their supposed royal authors by a long time. Their purpo…
Tablets from the Sippar Library V. An Incantation from Mīs pî
The tablet IM 124645 was excavated in 1986 in niche 3 A of the library. It offers a version of an incantation from Tablet III of Mīs pî, the series of rituals that accompanied the restoration and re-animation of divine statues. In the incantation a purification priest requests the gods Ea, Šamaš and Asalluḫi to “determine the destiny” of the divine statue so that it may be provided with a mouth to eat and ears to hear. Our knowledge of this incan…
The Bricks of E-Sagil
The intention of this article is to continue the process of comparing modern archaeological data relating to Babylon and its buildings with the ancient written sources. Previous work has produced results for the topography of the city, particularly the location of the city's gates, quarters and temples, and has achieved some success with two individual structures, namely the temple of Marduk under the mound Amran ibn Ali, and the eastern city wal…
Tablets from the Sippar Library VI. Atra-ḫasīs
The Babylonian myth known to the ancients as Enūma ilū awëlum, “When the Gods Were Man”, and to modern scholarship as the Epic of Atra-ḫasīs, tells the wondrous story of the creation of mankind, of the attempts of the king of the gods, Enlil, to reduce the overpopulation that resulted from its unchecked reproduction — by plague, drought, famine and, most disastrously, the Deluge — and of the measures then taken by the gods to keep mankind's futur…
Tablets from the Sippar Library. VII. Three Wisdom Texts
The present article in the series begun in Iraq 52 and continued in Volumes 56–8 offers three tablets from the Sippar library which add to our knowledge of the genre of Babylonian literature known today as “wisdom”: a manuscript of Tablet I of Ludlul bēl nēmeqi (The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer), a copy of the great Šamaš Hymn, and a tablet inscribed with a small collection of proverbs.Since W. G. Lambert's edition of Ludlul in Babylonian Wisdo…
House Most High
Tablets from the Sippar Library XI. The Babylonian Almanac
The Babylonian Almanac is a text that gives abbreviated prescriptions for the days of the year. Since it was last edited, by René Labat in 1941 (“Un almanach babylonien”, RA 38, 13–40), new sources for the almanac have steadily accrued. Two more copies of the text have been identified among the tablets of the library discovered in the temple of Šamaš at Sippar by archaeologists of the University of Baghdad in 1986. Both are full almanacs, that is…
The Royal libraries of Nineveh
The two tablets published here for the first time, BM 45642 and BM 28825, are edited together for good reason, for the historical background of both texts is very probably the same episode in King Ashurbanipal's drive to acquire scribal learning. Where BM 28825 concerns the reception of the Assyrian king's demand for tablets among the citizens of Babylon, BM 45642 deals with the reaction of scholars of nearby Borsippa to a similar royal message. …
Tablets from the Sippar Library XIII Enūma Anu Ellil XX
The Sippar Library tablet IM 124485 is a new source for Tablet XX of Enūma Anu Ellil (EAE) , the great compilation of Babylonian celestial and meteorological omens. The twentieth tablet of the series, which deals principally with lunar eclipses on the fourteenth day of each month of the year, was edited by Francesca Rochberg in 1988 along with all the other tablets of lunar-eclipse omens in EAE (Rochberg-Halton 1988: Chapter 10). Rochberg was una…
Akkadian turru (ṭurru B) “corner angle”, and the walls of Babylon
This article (a) examines the Akkadian word turru, sometimes ṭurru, in architectural contexts and finds it to designate an angle at the intersection of two walls. In the light of this discovery the article goes on (b) to elucidate passages of Nebuchadnezzar II's inscriptions that describe his construction of the defences of Babylon on either side of the Ištar Gate, and (c) to consider other instances of turru, from which it emerges (d) that the m…
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