Jürgen Paul
Biographic Data
| ID | 3662909 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jürgen Paul |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jürgen |
| FAMILY NAME | Paul |
| SIGNATURE | PAUL J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9325-8363 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 29 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Enhancing sustainability-related self-efficacy through serious games
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and environmental education remain a major challenge in classroom teaching. Current educational approaches often fail to engage all student groups equally. However, in order to achieve the goals of ESD, society as a whole must be involved to drive this change forward. Digital game-based learning has been suggested as a promising means to bridge the gap between knowledge and action and to support the ach…
Unlocking green minds: Role of attitudes in Edu-escape games
Environmental challenges are integral to syllabi to promote pro-environmental behaviors. This study investigated the role of attitudes and their potential to be influenced through an in-class escape game on forest ecosystems and sustainability. The intervention aimed to offset the challenge of incorporating extensive outdoor activities into school life. We assessed 393 8th-graders’ attitudes toward nature, environmental attitudes, and knowledge b…
A game-changer for qualitative research: Artificial intelligence as an efficient tool for analyzing student conceptions about microplastics
Qualitative content analysis of learners’ conceptions is due to large datasets time-consuming. This study examined the potential of a Large Language Model (LLM) to support and accelerate qualitative content analysis without compromising validity. Written responses from 180 bachelor students at two German universities to four open-ended questions on microplastics were analysed. ChatGPT was used to inductively develop categories and to assign respo…
From attitudes to action: A multidimensional model for sustainability education
Despite the growing sustainability challenges faced globally, many individuals engage only minimally in daily sustainability efforts. Although access to information has become more convenient, many people do not actively seek out information on sustainability. However, understanding sustainability is central to continued engagement in sustainable practices. The European initiative NEB | Lab ECO 2 -Schools addresses this continued disengagement is…
Remarks by the Recipient of the 2024 MEM Lifetime Achievement Award: Given at the Annual Meeting of Middle East Medievalists (13 December 2024)
First of all, let me thank you, dear colleagues on the board of the Middle East Medievalists, for considering me for your Lifetime Achievement Award.It came as an absolute surprise for me.Looking at the long list of predecessors, I feel deep gratitude and humility-I see so many colleagues on the list whose work I have admired for decades.It is a great honor for me to stand in line with them.You have invited me to talk about my career but also the…
Female Religiosity in Central Asia. Sufi Leaders in the Persianate World
Philip Bockholt, Weltgeschichtsschreibung zwischen Schia und Sunna. Ḫvāndamīrs Ḥabīb as-siyar im Handschriftenzeitalter
Khwāndamīr’s Ḥabīb as-siyar is a world history well known to students of Timurid and early Safavid history; these are the fields for which the book is commonly used, whereas it is presumed that the parts on earlier periods are more or less entirely taken from preceding authors, among them Khwāndamīr’s grandfather Mīrkhwānd. Scholars mostly rely on an edition published in Tehran in 1954 by Jalāl ad-Dīn Humāʾī. It is astonishing that no one apparen…
Turkestan and the rise of Eurasian empires. A study of politics and invented traditions, written by Ali Anooshahr
Aux sources de la poésie ghaznavide. Les inscriptions persanes de Ghazni, written by Viola Allegranzi
Notes on a Central Asian Notebook
Among the personal notebooks from nineteenth-century Central Asia, the manuscript NLR PNS 561 (National Library of Russia, Persian -New Series), kept at Saint Petersburg, occupies a special position. It is a multilayered manuscript with two main layers from the 1870s and the 1920s-1930s, respectively. In the second layer in particular, the manuscript is both a multi-script and a multigraphic artifact. Some parts of this layer are quite likely aut…
Remarks on Petrushevskii’s Article K istorii instituta soiurgala
Cities of Medieval Iran
Cities of Medieval Iran brings together studies in urban geography, archaeology, and history of medieval Iranian cities, spanning the Islamic period until ca. 1500, but also the pre-Islamic situation. The cities and their inhabitants take centre stage, they are not just the places where something else happened. Urban actors are given priority over external factors. The contributions take a long-term perspective and thus take the interaction betwe…
Armies, Lords and Subjects in Medieval Iran
This chapter treats topics such as military recruitment, the provisioning of armies, and taxation problems. The well-known outbursts of military violence during the Mongol invasions of the 13th century or the campaigns of Timur (1370-1405) are not described again; the focus is rather on common forms of violent behaviour by the military but also the tax administration. One of the most evident forms of everyday violence was related to the billeting…
Ḥimāya Revisited
In 1956, Claude Cahen’s study “Notes pour l’histoire de la ḥimāya was published in the Mélanges Louis Massignon. Cahen assumed that protection (ḥimāya) was first sought and granted for land holdings (against fiscal claims), and that the institution then evolved to a personal relationship which no longer necessarily involved land holdings. This subject, of eminent importance for understanding protection, protectors and protégés in early (and later…
Authority and Identity in Medieval Islamic Historiography: Persian Histories from the Peripheries By Mimi Hanaoka
This book is about a selection of Persian local and regional histories: the Tārīkh-i Bukhārā (the lost Arabic original was written in the tenth, the Persian translation in the twelfth century), the Tārīkh-i Qum (the lost Arabic original was written in the late tenth century, the extant Persian translation in the early fifteenth), the Tārīkh-i Sīstān (with a likewise complicated history which spans a period from the eleventh to the fourteenth cent…
Sanjar’s Letter to the Notables of Samarqand, 524/1129–1130
Translation of a letter from Sanjar to the notables of Samarqand, transmitted in an anonymous inshāɔ-collection commonly known as Aḥkām-i salāṭīn-i māḍī. The comments establish the context and show that this piece fits the historical context of 534/1130 extremely well. The letter itself addresses, among other problems, the question of who had the right to appoint a subordinate ruler in Samarqand – this right belonged to the Seljuq sultan exclusiv…
Balkh, from the Seljuqs to the Mongol Invasion
The current article deals with the forms of local rule at Balkh in the Seljuq and post-Seljuq period up to the Mongol invasion. At all times we observe relatively high degrees of regional autonomy, in which local rulers were far more than “governors”. Balkh was a regional state, or “minimal beylik”, at times included within larger imperial structures and at others continuing more on its own. Military manpower was frequently provided by Turkish no…
Alptegin in the Siyāsat-nāma
Alptegin (d. 352/963), a military slave commander under the later Sāmānids, is also reported to be the founder of the Ghaznavid state. In this article, narratives about him are analyzed in two parts: first, the reports about him in the earlier sources are examined, and in the second part, the focus is on the Alptegin stories in Niẓām al-Mulk's Siyāsat-nāma. The article shows that the figure in the Siyāsat-nāma is not meant to represent the “histo…
The Great Seljuk Empire By Andrew C. S. Peacock
In 2010, Andrew Peacock published his Early Seljūq History: A New Interpretation. The volume now published complements his revision of the state of the art for the Seljuqs in Iran and adjacent countries (excluding, however, the Seljuqs of Anatolia who are the subject of another volume announced in the same series). Together, Peacock’s two volumes form the actual works of reference for the Seljuq dynasty and Iranian (and partly Syrian and Caucasia…
Khidma in the Social History of pre-Mongol Iran
Khidma (Ar., literally "service") denotes the binding subordination of a slave or free-born noble to a lord, master, or patron—often the ruling sultan, but sometimes lesser figures—involving mutual obligations and mutual loyalty. This article studies this relationship and the ceremonies by which it was concluded in eastern Iran in the twelfth century, on the level of political thinking and, as far as possible, of political practice
Arslān Arghūn – Nomadic Revival?
Succession struggles have often marked the dynasties. In principle, all male members of the ruling family had an equal right to rule. On many ocassions, the empire has been divided into appenages or territories where individual members of the dynasty ruled. In Seljuq dynasties, succession struggles were also prevalent. This struggle was particularly prevalent in Khurasan, the first basis of Seljuq power. This chapter discusses succession struggle…
Arslān Arghūn – Nomadic Revival?
Recent monographs on the social history of Central Asia
Community matters in Xinjiang 1880–1949. Towards a historical anthropology of the Uyghur, by Ildiko Beller-Hann, Leiden, Brill, 2008, xv + 476 pp., US$171 (hardback), ISBN 978 9004166752. Two maps
Muslim Communities of Grace. The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life
Introduction: Private Warfare in Pre-Mongol Iran
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Forming a Faction: The Ḥimāyat System of Khwaja Ahrar
Students of Islamic history have long demanded that more attention be given to social and economic affairs, and it cannot be denied that substantial progress is being made inthe field. Nevertheless, many gaps remain that will have to be filled in by detailed investigations of various periods and regions, notions, nad relationships. An attempt will be made in this article to elucidate the functioning of a faction, or ṭā⊃ifa in Central Asia in the …
Hagiographische Texte als historische Quelle
Khidma in the Social History of pre-Mongol Iran
Khidma (Ar., literally "service") denotes the binding subordination of a slave or free-born noble to a lord, master, or patron—often the ruling sultan, but sometimes lesser figures—involving mutual obligations and mutual loyalty. This article studies this relationship and the ceremonies by which it was concluded in eastern Iran in the twelfth century, on the level of political thinking and, as far as possible, of political practice
The Histories of Herat
The biographical dictionary is perhaps the best known and commonest type of local history at least for the pre-Mongol period of Iranian history. It is well known that for quite a few Iranian cities, just as for cities, towns, and regions in other parts of the Islamic world, dictionaries of this type were written from the third/ninth to the seventh/thirteenth century. Until the seventh/thirteenth century, the standard language for this literary ge…
Balkh, from the Seljuqs to the Mongol Invasion
The current article deals with the forms of local rule at Balkh in the Seljuq and post-Seljuq period up to the Mongol invasion. At all times we observe relatively high degrees of regional autonomy, in which local rulers were far more than “governors”. Balkh was a regional state, or “minimal beylik”, at times included within larger imperial structures and at others continuing more on its own. Military manpower was frequently provided by Turkish no…
The Seljuq conquest(s) of Nishapur: A reappraisal
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Perspectives nomades. État et structures militaires
La contribution met l'accent sur les ' États nomades' en Asie centrale au Moyen Âge et leurs relations avec le monde sédentaire. Elle propose une analyse des dépendances mutuelles de l'État et du militaire. Centrale est la question de savoir si les États nomades et leurs armées sont simplement une extension de la forme primaire de l'organisation sociale dans la plupart des groupes nomades, c'est-à-dire du tribalisme. Comme il semble que l'organis…
The Histories of Isfahan: Mafarrukhi's Kitāb Maḥāsin Iṣfahān
The history of Isfahan in the pre-Mongol period has not yet received its due measure of scholarly attention; the focus of research has tended to be on the seventeenth century, when Isfahan was the brilliant capital of the Safavid empire. Nonetheless, it is quite evident that the city was, in pre-Mongol times, no less brilliant a center of Islamic culture as articulated in both Arabic and Persian. No book-length study on the city's earlier history…
Hagiographische Texte als historische Quelle
Die politische und soziale Bedeutung der Naqsbandiyya in Mittelasien im 15. Jahrhundert
Forming a Faction: The Ḥimāyat System of Khwaja Ahrar
Students of Islamic history have long demanded that more attention be given to social and economic affairs, and it cannot be denied that substantial progress is being made inthe field. Nevertheless, many gaps remain that will have to be filled in by detailed investigations of various periods and regions, notions, nad relationships. An attempt will be made in this article to elucidate the functioning of a faction, or ṭā⊃ifa in Central Asia in the …
Histories of Samarcand
Res. d'A. L'article se propose d'analyser l'histoire de la transmission de la Qandiyya arabe et de ses relations avec les textes persans connus sous le meme titre. Les textes arabes sont les manuscrits Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, Arabe 6284, et Istambul, Turhan Valide 70. Dans une deuxieme partie il s'agit de montrer comment les textes peuvent etre utilises comme source pour l'histoire de l'Asie centrale, en prenant comme exemple deux sujets :…
Die Mission des fatimidischen Agenten al-Mu'ayyad fi 'd-din in Siraz
Early Islamic History of Iran: From the Arab Conquest to the Mongol Invasion
An Encyclopedia by Tradition Arranges its Material in Alphabetical order. Therefore, the subject matter is broken down into small pieces, which in the case of larger subjects is a problem. Some fields clearly are at an advantage over others, depending on how easily a keyword can be found and fitted to a given set of questions. Some types of keywords seem to lead to a greater fragmentation of the fields treated under them, whereas other types lend…
The Histories of Herat
The biographical dictionary is perhaps the best known and commonest type of local history at least for the pre-Mongol period of Iranian history. It is well known that for quite a few Iranian cities, just as for cities, towns, and regions in other parts of the Islamic world, dictionaries of this type were written from the third/ninth to the seventh/thirteenth century. Until the seventh/thirteenth century, the standard language for this literary ge…
The Histories of Isfahan: Mafarrukhi's Kitāb Maḥāsin Iṣfahān
The history of Isfahan in the pre-Mongol period has not yet received its due measure of scholarly attention; the focus of research has tended to be on the seventeenth century, when Isfahan was the brilliant capital of the Safavid empire. Nonetheless, it is quite evident that the city was, in pre-Mongol times, no less brilliant a center of Islamic culture as articulated in both Arabic and Persian. No book-length study on the city's earlier history…
Herrscher-Gemeinwesen-Vermittler: Ostiran und Transoxanien in vormongolischer Zeit
The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200-275/815-889 C.E.) . Matthew S. Gordon
Perspectives nomades. État et structures militaires
La contribution met l'accent sur les ' États nomades' en Asie centrale au Moyen Âge et leurs relations avec le monde sédentaire. Elle propose une analyse des dépendances mutuelles de l'État et du militaire. Centrale est la question de savoir si les États nomades et leurs armées sont simplement une extension de la forme primaire de l'organisation sociale dans la plupart des groupes nomades, c'est-à-dire du tribalisme. Comme il semble que l'organis…
Introduction: Private Warfare in Pre-Mongol Iran
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
The Seljuq conquest(s) of Nishapur: A reappraisal
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Muslim Communities of Grace. The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life
Recent monographs on the social history of Central Asia
Community matters in Xinjiang 1880–1949. Towards a historical anthropology of the Uyghur, by Ildiko Beller-Hann, Leiden, Brill, 2008, xv + 476 pp., US$171 (hardback), ISBN 978 9004166752. Two maps
Arslān Arghūn – Nomadic Revival?
Succession struggles have often marked the dynasties. In principle, all male members of the ruling family had an equal right to rule. On many ocassions, the empire has been divided into appenages or territories where individual members of the dynasty ruled. In Seljuq dynasties, succession struggles were also prevalent. This struggle was particularly prevalent in Khurasan, the first basis of Seljuq power. This chapter discusses succession struggle…
Arslān Arghūn – Nomadic Revival?
Khidma in the Social History of pre-Mongol Iran
Khidma (Ar., literally "service") denotes the binding subordination of a slave or free-born noble to a lord, master, or patron—often the ruling sultan, but sometimes lesser figures—involving mutual obligations and mutual loyalty. This article studies this relationship and the ceremonies by which it was concluded in eastern Iran in the twelfth century, on the level of political thinking and, as far as possible, of political practice
The Great Seljuk Empire By Andrew C. S. Peacock
In 2010, Andrew Peacock published his Early Seljūq History: A New Interpretation. The volume now published complements his revision of the state of the art for the Seljuqs in Iran and adjacent countries (excluding, however, the Seljuqs of Anatolia who are the subject of another volume announced in the same series). Together, Peacock’s two volumes form the actual works of reference for the Seljuq dynasty and Iranian (and partly Syrian and Caucasia…
Sanjar’s Letter to the Notables of Samarqand, 524/1129–1130
Translation of a letter from Sanjar to the notables of Samarqand, transmitted in an anonymous inshāɔ-collection commonly known as Aḥkām-i salāṭīn-i māḍī. The comments establish the context and show that this piece fits the historical context of 534/1130 extremely well. The letter itself addresses, among other problems, the question of who had the right to appoint a subordinate ruler in Samarqand – this right belonged to the Seljuq sultan exclusiv…
Balkh, from the Seljuqs to the Mongol Invasion
The current article deals with the forms of local rule at Balkh in the Seljuq and post-Seljuq period up to the Mongol invasion. At all times we observe relatively high degrees of regional autonomy, in which local rulers were far more than “governors”. Balkh was a regional state, or “minimal beylik”, at times included within larger imperial structures and at others continuing more on its own. Military manpower was frequently provided by Turkish no…
Alptegin in the Siyāsat-nāma
Alptegin (d. 352/963), a military slave commander under the later Sāmānids, is also reported to be the founder of the Ghaznavid state. In this article, narratives about him are analyzed in two parts: first, the reports about him in the earlier sources are examined, and in the second part, the focus is on the Alptegin stories in Niẓām al-Mulk's Siyāsat-nāma. The article shows that the figure in the Siyāsat-nāma is not meant to represent the “histo…
Cities of Medieval Iran
Cities of Medieval Iran brings together studies in urban geography, archaeology, and history of medieval Iranian cities, spanning the Islamic period until ca. 1500, but also the pre-Islamic situation. The cities and their inhabitants take centre stage, they are not just the places where something else happened. Urban actors are given priority over external factors. The contributions take a long-term perspective and thus take the interaction betwe…
Armies, Lords and Subjects in Medieval Iran
This chapter treats topics such as military recruitment, the provisioning of armies, and taxation problems. The well-known outbursts of military violence during the Mongol invasions of the 13th century or the campaigns of Timur (1370-1405) are not described again; the focus is rather on common forms of violent behaviour by the military but also the tax administration. One of the most evident forms of everyday violence was related to the billeting…
Ḥimāya Revisited
In 1956, Claude Cahen’s study “Notes pour l’histoire de la ḥimāya was published in the Mélanges Louis Massignon. Cahen assumed that protection (ḥimāya) was first sought and granted for land holdings (against fiscal claims), and that the institution then evolved to a personal relationship which no longer necessarily involved land holdings. This subject, of eminent importance for understanding protection, protectors and protégés in early (and later…
Eurasian Exchange Networks (24 works) · History (20 works) · Islamic Studies and History (19 works) · Ancient history (15 works) · History (14 works) · Philosophy (14 works) · Art (12 works) · Byzantine Studies and History (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (9 works)