Bernd Herrmann
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3664265 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Bernd Herrmann |
| PRENOMES | Bernd |
| SOBRENOME | Herrmann |
| ASSINATURA | HERRMANN B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Göttingen |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 56 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 115 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Humanökologie
Die Entdeckung der Umwelt
The discovery of the “environment” by Jakob von Uexküll (1864–1944) was a decisive contribution to the foundation of today’s view of nature as a whole and as a natural ecosystem, as well as of its inner relationships. With the construct “environment,” the discoverer described not only a spatial concept, but also the subjective world experience of every animal organism. This idea proved to be extremely fruitful for biology, albeit in a rather redu…
Das menschliche Ökosystem
Zur ersten Orientierung
Nachwort
Die zentrale Bedeutung des Werks „Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere“ mit Stellenkommentar
Uexküll
Trace Elements in Environmental History
Multiplex analysis of genetic markers related to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
The multiplex analysis system described here allows simultaneous typing of one short tandem repeat (STR) and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with obesity and/or osteoporosis. Genes that are related to a high body mass index (BMI) and/or a high bone mineral density (BMD) are presumed to give an advantage in surviving famines. This analysis system makes it possible to genotype the (TTTA)n polymorphism of CYP19 and t…
Pre‐Columbian population dynamics in coastal southern Peru
Alternative models have been proposed to explain the formation and decline of the south Peruvian Nasca culture, ranging from migration or invasion to autochthonous development and ecological crisis. To reveal to what extent population dynamic processes accounted for cultural development in the Nasca mainland, or were influenced by them, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA of 218 individuals, originating from chronologically successive archaeolo…
Neither Biblical Plague nor Pristine Myth
The historical superabundance of passenger pigeons in North America and of house sparrows in Central Europe is anthropogenic; that is, the result of human actions, in these cases with unintended consequences. In this article we concentrate on the superabundance of sparrows in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and outline the reasons for it. Both the passenger pigeon and the sparrow examples serve as ideal types for misplaced understanding o…
New Technologies for Archaeology
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Bericht [Report]
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Design of a multiplex PCR for genotyping 16 short tandem repeats in degraded DNA samples
The molecular genotyping of individuals and reconstruction of kinship through short and high polymorphic DNA markers, so-called short tandem repeats (STR), has become an important and efficient method in anthropology and forensic science. The here introduced experimental design describes a multiplex PCR capable of simultaneously amplifying 16 STRs and the sex determinant locus amelogenin in a short fragment lengths range from 84 bp to 275 bp. Thu…
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Genetics in genealogical research - Reconstruction of a family tree by means of Y-haplotyping
In societies, in which surnames are inherited patrilinearly, surnames and certain Y-chromosome STR allelic patterns, so-called Y-haplotypes, correlate. In order to reconstruct the relationship between three different family lines with the surname Zierdt, a total of 34 German and US-American males with this surname was selected. Among those test candidates several family branches could be identified on the basis of written records. However, the re…
Ancient DNA Can Identify Disease Elements
Ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses may provide more information about endemic infection rates of ancient populations than morphognostic inspection. This chapter focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of molecular approaches to diseases of the past, and presents arguments in favor of intensive promotion of such endeavors. There are no models for estimating the ratios of infected to uninfected people in past populations. While aDNA analyses may also …
Brief communication
This study introduces a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based multiplex approach to improve the certainty of molecular sex identification on archaeological skeletal material. We coamplified amelogenin, two X‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) (DXS6789 and DXS9898), and two Y‐specific STRs (DYS391 and DYS392). The amplification results of this multiplex approach back each other up, and enable a reliable sex identification. This coamplificatio…
Diet, Status and Decomposition at Weingarten
Complex DNA in Ancient Human Bones
Pre‐Columbian population dynamics in coastal southern Peru
Alternative models have been proposed to explain the formation and decline of the south Peruvian Nasca culture, ranging from migration or invasion to autochthonous development and ecological crisis. To reveal to what extent population dynamic processes accounted for cultural development in the Nasca mainland, or were influenced by them, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA of 218 individuals, originating from chronologically successive archaeolo…
Ancient DNA-typing approaches for the determination of kinship in a disturbed collective burial site
Several DNA-typing approaches are applied for identification and kinship analysis. Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing produces the genetic fingerprint that is unique to an individual. Y-chromosomal STR typing identifies individuals of the same paternal lineage, and sequence analysis of the hypervariable region of the mitochondrion can identify maternally related individuals. The combined approach of these DNA-typing methods allows the det…
Megaplex DNA typing can provide a strong indication of the authenticity of ancient DNA amplifications by clearly recognizing any possible type of modern contamination
Recent experiments revealed the perfect applicability of megaplex typing by autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) to degraded DNA. The advantages of megaplex approaches lie in reduced amounts of sample material that are necessary and in remarkable time saving. Furthermore, megaplex typing clearly recognizes possible contaminations and thus has a large potential for indicating authenticity in ancient DNA analysis. This is demonstrated by three exa…
Ancient DNA Analysis of the Delta F508 Mutation
When working with highly degraded DNA, validating the results of a slightly polymorphic system always complicates the analysis because of the difficulties in recognizing contamination and artifacts. Recognition can be greatly simplified by employing a multiplex reaction that coamplifies the fragments together with several highly polymorphic markers, for instance, short tandem repeats. In this work, we successfully included newly designed oligonuc…
Molecular sex identification of stillborn and neonate individuals ("Traufkinder") from the burial site Aegerten
The study reconstructs the sex ratio of 121 stillborn and neonate individuals from the early modern burial site Aegerten, Switzerland. The immature individuals, who were not baptised before death, were buried along the walls of the church. To perform a molecular sex identification, bone samples from the infants were collected from different skeletal elements. Ancient DNA (aDNA) was isolated by a combination of automated phenol/chloroform extracti…
Determination of biological kinship through aDNA analysis
Molecular sex determination and aDNA typings were carried out on a group of five prehistoric individuals. Due to the burial situation and the individual ages the group was assumed to be a family consisting of the parents and three children. DNA was extracted from teeth and bone samples of all skeletons. The aDNA typings based on the PCR amplification of four different microsatellite DNA loci, so-called human short tandem repeats (STR). Results of…
The postcranial skeletal Neanderthal remains of Le Moustier, France
Neither Biblical Plague nor Pristine Myth
The historical superabundance of passenger pigeons in North America and of house sparrows in Central Europe is anthropogenic; that is, the result of human actions, in these cases with unintended consequences. In this article we concentrate on the superabundance of sparrows in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and outline the reasons for it. Both the passenger pigeon and the sparrow examples serve as ideal types for misplaced understanding o…
Geographical Variation of Subsistence Strategies in Early Mediaeval Populations of Southwestern Germany
Brief communication
This study introduces a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based multiplex approach to improve the certainty of molecular sex identification on archaeological skeletal material. We coamplified amelogenin, two X‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) (DXS6789 and DXS9898), and two Y‐specific STRs (DYS391 and DYS392). The amplification results of this multiplex approach back each other up, and enable a reliable sex identification. This coamplificatio…
Palaeogenetic analysis of (pre)historic artifacts and its significance for anthropology
The possibility of isolating ancient DNA (aDNA) from all kinds of (pre)historic anthropogenetic artifacts opens new perspectives. This study applies palaeogenetic techniques to three anthropological issues: 1. Palaeodiet. DNA sequences from organic residues in vessels identify Precolumbian Aztec diet. 2. (Pre)historic husbandry and economic structures. aDNA data can reveal the species and the genetic evolutionary stage of animals and plants and s…
STR Allelic Frequencies in a German Skeleton Collection
Chromosomal DNA was isolated from bones from a German skeleton collection (Goslar, 18th century) and detected by PCR. Nine microsatellite regions were amplified by multiplex reactions using the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus kit and analysed to obtain their allelic distribution. A statistical evaluation of the results revealed no allelic differentiation between the historic sample and a modern German one at each locus.
Evaluation of morphological sex determinations by molecular analyses
The study presents an evaluation of morphological sex determinations of adult skeletal individuals based on traits of the ossa coxae and the cranium. The evaluation criterion was genetic analysis of the amelogenine gene, which represents parts of the X- and the Y-chromosome (Mannucci et al. 1994). The study was carried out on 33 human skeletons from an early modern burial site in Lower Saxony. In this skeletal series, 88% of the morphological sex…
Palaeoepidemiology of infectious diseases using aDNA analyses
Herrmann Bernd, Hummel Susanne. Palaeoepidemiology of infectious diseases using aDNA analyses: pros and cons. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 10 fascicule 1-2, 1998. pp. 195-200
Molecular sex determination by skeletal remains of stillborn and neonate individuals of the burial place Aegerten, Switzerland
The morphological and morphometrical analyses of skeletal remains usually give reliable access to the gender of mature individuals while the analyses of skeletal remains of immature individuals allocate only 70-90% of the individuals. However, the use of modern techniques like the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) enables a sex identification also if fragmentary material or skeletal remains of children are investigated. The present study reconstruc…
Reproducibility of aDNA typing
The reproducibility of short tandem repeat (STR) amplification of aDNA extracts is limited by means of formation of artifacts during PCR. One of these artifacts, the so called allelic-dropout (failure of the amplification of alleles), may result in false-homozygote typing of a sample, if genotyping is based on the analysis of a single amplification product. 30 tooth- and bone samples collected from 17 individuals of three burial sites were invest…
On the position of corpse on the pyre
The postcranial skeletal Neanderthal remains of Le Moustier, France
Surface marks on bones from a neolithic collective grave (odagsen, lower saxony). A study on differential diagnosis
Mensch und Umwelt im Mittelalter. Mit Beitragen von Klaus Arnold
Trace Elements in Environmental History
Prähistorische Anthropologie
Comments on the S. Ehrhardt's publication (1990)
The uncommented publication of data on Setukesen people (SE Estonia), which were collected in 1942, by the scientific journal Homo (40, 159-175, 1990) is remarkably unreceptive to discussions within the scientific community at large. Therefore some basic considerations on scientific ethics in anthropology are outlined. Unfortunately Homo has refused to publish this statement which was written on appointment of the advisory board of the German Soc…
aDNA - A new approach to old questions
aDNA-analyses are presented for ancient bones, teeth, soft tissues and dried body fluids. The implications and perspectives for Historical Anthropology are discussed. Methods are described on examples of molecular sex determination and kinship analysis. Finally, first amplifications of DNA-sequences from pathogenes of tuberculosis and plague from ancient skeletal material are reported.
Ancient DNA
Complex DNA in Ancient Human Bones
Geographical Variation of Subsistence Strategies in Early Mediaeval Populations of Southwestern Germany
Molecular sex determination by skeletal remains of stillborn and neonate individuals of the burial place Aegerten, Switzerland
The morphological and morphometrical analyses of skeletal remains usually give reliable access to the gender of mature individuals while the analyses of skeletal remains of immature individuals allocate only 70-90% of the individuals. However, the use of modern techniques like the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) enables a sex identification also if fragmentary material or skeletal remains of children are investigated. The present study reconstruc…
Evidence for DNA single-copy loci from prehistoric teeth. DNA protection depending on burial site
DNA-extracts from prehistoric roots of teeth were analyzed by PCR to investigate microsatellite-systems. At the same time the x/y-chromosome specific system Amel A/B was investigated. The samples were collected from different burial conditions of similar age. Factors leading to limited DNA-degradation are given. For the first time reproducible Quadruplex-amplification on single-copy loci of prehistoric tissue was obtained in samples from the Lich…
Determination of biological kinship through aDNA analysis
Molecular sex determination and aDNA typings were carried out on a group of five prehistoric individuals. Due to the burial situation and the individual ages the group was assumed to be a family consisting of the parents and three children. DNA was extracted from teeth and bone samples of all skeletons. The aDNA typings based on the PCR amplification of four different microsatellite DNA loci, so-called human short tandem repeats (STR). Results of…
Assignment of isolated skeletal elements by aDNA typing
Analysis of ancient DNA of material found in the Lichtensteinhöhle, a burial site of the Younger Bronze Age has been used for the first time to assign isolated skeletal elements to corresponding individuals. The method involved DNA typing through amplification of five Short Tandem Repeat loci which are also used in forensic genetics for the determination of kinship and identification. From all of the examined bone samples DNA was successfully ext…
Reproducibility of aDNA typing
The reproducibility of short tandem repeat (STR) amplification of aDNA extracts is limited by means of formation of artifacts during PCR. One of these artifacts, the so called allelic-dropout (failure of the amplification of alleles), may result in false-homozygote typing of a sample, if genotyping is based on the analysis of a single amplification product. 30 tooth- and bone samples collected from 17 individuals of three burial sites were invest…
Palaeoepidemiology of infectious diseases using aDNA analyses
Herrmann Bernd, Hummel Susanne. Palaeoepidemiology of infectious diseases using aDNA analyses: pros and cons. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 10 fascicule 1-2, 1998. pp. 195-200
Diet, Status and Decomposition at Weingarten
The selective advantage of cystic fibrosis heterozygotes tested by aDNA analysis
Recently a heterozygote advantage was suggested to explain the high incidence (1:25 carrier individuals in Europeans) of the cystic fibrosis gene. This selective advantage was speculated to be due to a high resistance to chloride-secreting diarrhea, including cholera. Up to now the major efforts to test directly this hypothesis have been limited to animal models. We propose to verify the hypothesis directly on a sample of human individuals who di…
Differentiation between occupational and dietary-related intake of barium in the skeleton
On the basis of the reconstruction of general nutritional patterns by trace element data on historic populations, an examination on occupational Ba intakes in the skeleton was carried out for a historical metallurgy population. The concentrations of the trace elements Ba, Sr, and Pb as well as the matrix element Ca were determined by AAS analysis. Their correlations within the population were analysed statistically. Evidence of a correlation betw…
Palaeogenetic analysis of (pre)historic artifacts and its significance for anthropology
The possibility of isolating ancient DNA (aDNA) from all kinds of (pre)historic anthropogenetic artifacts opens new perspectives. This study applies palaeogenetic techniques to three anthropological issues: 1. Palaeodiet. DNA sequences from organic residues in vessels identify Precolumbian Aztec diet. 2. (Pre)historic husbandry and economic structures. aDNA data can reveal the species and the genetic evolutionary stage of animals and plants and s…
STR Allelic Frequencies in a German Skeleton Collection
Chromosomal DNA was isolated from bones from a German skeleton collection (Goslar, 18th century) and detected by PCR. Nine microsatellite regions were amplified by multiplex reactions using the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus kit and analysed to obtain their allelic distribution. A statistical evaluation of the results revealed no allelic differentiation between the historic sample and a modern German one at each locus.
Megaplex DNA typing can provide a strong indication of the authenticity of ancient DNA amplifications by clearly recognizing any possible type of modern contamination
Recent experiments revealed the perfect applicability of megaplex typing by autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) to degraded DNA. The advantages of megaplex approaches lie in reduced amounts of sample material that are necessary and in remarkable time saving. Furthermore, megaplex typing clearly recognizes possible contaminations and thus has a large potential for indicating authenticity in ancient DNA analysis. This is demonstrated by three exa…
Evaluation of morphological sex determinations by molecular analyses
The study presents an evaluation of morphological sex determinations of adult skeletal individuals based on traits of the ossa coxae and the cranium. The evaluation criterion was genetic analysis of the amelogenine gene, which represents parts of the X- and the Y-chromosome (Mannucci et al. 1994). The study was carried out on 33 human skeletons from an early modern burial site in Lower Saxony. In this skeletal series, 88% of the morphological sex…
Reconstruction of kinship by fecal DNA analysis of Orangutans
Genetic analysis is a useful tool for assigning biological relationships. Thus, it will improve genetic management of wild animal populations and breeding colonies. Kinship analysis will give new insights into the behavior, sociobiology and genetic management of orangutans. In this study, chromosomal DNA from orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp.) was extracted from excrements. Feces samples were screened for up to nine microsatellite markers from relat…
Biology (29 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (20 obras) · Gene (19 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Genetics (18 obras) · Ancient DNA (17 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (14 obras) · Population (14 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (13 obras) · Medicine (13 obras)