Naomi Lightman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3673069 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Naomi Lightman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Naomi |
| FAMILY NAME | Lightman |
| SIGNATURE | LIGHTMAN N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Calgary |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6070-0381 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 96 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure
This study examines whether, and under what conditions, unpaid and paid care work are associated with reduced psychological wellbeing. The article begins by laying out a shared theoretical framework for understanding the psychological consequences of care among both unpaid and paid carers. It then tests the empirical implications of this framework, conducting multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey and European Social Survey…
Converging economies of care? Immigrant women workers across 17 countries and four care regimes
This study analyses 17 care economies using 2016 Luxembourg Income Study data to contribute to extant debate regarding the ongoing utility of care regimes as a classificatory schema for cross-national comparison. Examining similarities and differences in the provision of low-status work in health, education, social work, and domestic services – the ‘care economy’ – the data reveal devaluation of the labour done by immigrant women care workers, ne…
The High Costs of Caring: Measuring the Prevalence and Consequences of Birth-Related Career Interruptions for Immigrant Care Workers in Canada
Le présent article examine la question de la prévalence et des conséquences du retrait du marché du travail du personnel immigrant des soins à autrui au Canada après la naissance d’un enfant. Les analyses ont été menées principalement à partir des données issues de la Base de données longitudinales sur les immigrants (BDIM) de 2009-2018, en comparant un échantillon de personnes immigrantes entrées au Canada par le biais du Programme des aides fam…
Satisfaction with social care in the UK: Assessing the interactive effects of age and ideology
Social care is a pressing policy issue in the UK, where it is widely acknowledged that the status quo—including who pays, profits, and receives/delivers care—is unsustainable. Yet we know relatively little about the factors shaping satisfaction with the current system, as most prior research has been either descriptive in nature or focused on assessing funding priorities. This study investigates determinants of social care satisfaction for the UK…
Differential Economic Inclusion: The Conversion of Symbolic Capital to Material Capital in Canada's Fractured Labour Market
This study analyzes data from the 2020 General Social Survey to examine how the economic conversion value of formal and informal social capital differs for immigrants across gender identification and "visible minority" status relative to white native-born Canadians. Using a Bourdieusian theoretical framework, the study assesses the social structures and symbolic economy of the labour market as a social field. Results show that while white men are…
“Island Girls”: Caribbean Women Care Workers in Canada
This paper employs a quantitative intersectional analysis to explore the current labour market participation of Caribbean women care workers in Canada within the nexus of gender, race, and immigration status characterizing the care economy. Historically, Caribbean women were thought of as the quintessential migrant care workers; however, little or no recent analyses in Canada have used quantitative methods to analyse their current position. Using…
How should the government treat asylum seekers? The role of labour market vulnerability and migration in Europe
Gender, Class and the Cost of Unpaid Care: An Analysis of 25 Countries
This article examines the relationship between gender, class and unpaid care for children and elderly household members across twenty-five countries. Using the microdata files of the 2015–2017 Luxembourg Income Study, we demonstrate that household income quintile shapes the relationship between resident caregiving and a) women’s diminished share of household income and b) the associated “wage penalty” women experience in paid employment, examinin…
Caring during the Covid‐19 crisis: Intersectional exclusion of immigrant women health care aides in Canadian long‐term care
Long-term care (LTC) facilities have emerged as the single most critical location for the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across Canada and internationally. Yet the voices of health care aides (HCAs), an overwhelmingly female and racialized workforce who provide essential daily care to LTC residents, have largely been ignored to-date. This community-based research study provides new data collected from 25 in-depth individual interviews with imm…
An intersectional pathway penalty: Filipina immigrant women inside and outside Canada’s Live‐In Caregiver Program
This study uses Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Immigration Database to examine the ‘intersectional pathway penalty’ experienced by immigrant women from the Philippines entering Canada between 1996 and 2016 through three immigration categories. Estimating a series of growth curve models of employment income for 642,885 women, we compare Filipina immigrants’ earnings trajectories with female immigrants from other source countries to highlight how…
Women's Work: Welfare State Spending and the Gendered and Classed Dimensions of Unpaid Care
This study is the first to explicitly assess the connections between welfare state spending and the gendered and classed dimensions of unpaid care work across 29 European nations. Our research uses multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey data, examining childcare and housework burdens for people living with at least one child under the age of 18. Two key findings emerge: First, by disaggregating different types of unpaid car…
Comparing Care Regimes: Worker Characteristics and Wage Penalties in the Global Care Chain
This study uses 2010–2014 Luxembourg Income Study data to measure care work quantitatively within and across four care regimes, with a particular focus on the reliance on migrant women for low-wage, low-status work in health, education, social work, and domestic services. Care regimes are examined in order to highlight similarities and differences in twelve care economies: while liberal and corporatist care regimes are found to display a “migrant…
Immigrant sentiment and labour market vulnerability: Economic perceptions of immigration in dualized labour markets
Bonus or Burden? Care Work, Inequality, and Job Satisfaction in Eighteen European Countries
While existing research highlights the feminized and devalued nature of care work, the relationship between care work and job satisfaction has not yet been tested cross-nationally. England (2005) outlines two theoretical frameworks that guide our thinking about this potential relationship: the Prisoner of Love framework suggests that, notwithstanding the explicit and implicit costs of care work, the intrinsic benefits of caring provide ‘psychic i…
Measuring economic exclusion for racialized minorities, immigrants and women in Canada: Results from 2000 and 2010
In this article, the authors examine patterns of economic exclusion in Canada’s labor market in 2000 and 2010. Using Canada’s Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics data, the authors devise a unique Economic Exclusion Index to capture disparities in income, employment precarity, and wealth. The authors find evidence of persistent disadvantage tied to immigrant status, race, and gender in Canada’s labor market; specifically, individuals identified a…
The migrant in the market: Care penalties and immigration in eight liberal welfare regimes
This article disaggregates high- and low-status care work across eight liberal welfare regimes: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Using Luxembourg Income Study data, descriptive and multivariate analyses provide support for a ‘migrant in the market’ model of employment, notwithstanding variation across countries. The data demonstrate a wage penalty in both high- and low-status care…
Discounted labour? Disaggregating care work in comparative perspective
This article contrasts the earnings of high‐ and low‐status care workers in Canada, the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan (China) using the micro‐data files of the Luxembourg Income Study. By disaggregating existing definitions of care work, the author identifies occupations with lower and higher degrees of “social closure”, revealing the associated care penalties and care bonuses cross‐nationally. She also empirically measur…
Situating secondary schooling in the transnational social field: Contestation and conflict in Greater Toronto Area classrooms
This article situates secondary schooling within the evolving transnational social field. Drawing on 43 interviews with teachers and former students with transnational connections in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, I examine how transnational practices and dispositions fit within existing curricular and pedagogical frameworks in secondary schools. It is suggested that the ‘ways of being’ and ‘ways of belonging’ for transnational students …
Sorting or Shaping? The Gendered Economic Outcomes of Immigration Policy in Canada
Using a growth model analysis of Canada's Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), we establish a significant relationship between application status — i.e., the distinction in immigration policy between primary and secondary migrants — and individual wages. This relationship is associated with an earnings disadvantage for secondary migrants, who are disproportionately female. The disadvantage persists over time, even when individual h…
The Empirical Measurement of a Theoretical Concept: Tracing Social Exclusion among Racial Minority and Migrant Groups in Canada
This paper provides an in-depth description and case application of a conceptual model of social exclusion: aiming to advance existing knowledge on how to conceive of and identify this complex idea, evaluate the methodologies used to measure it, and reconsider what is understood about its social realities toward a meaningful and measurable conception of social inclusion. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual tools of social fields and systems o…
The Intersecting Dynamics of Social Exclusion: Age, Gender, Race and Immigrant Status in Canada's Labour Market
Through the use of a social exclusion framework and analysis of recent data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (2009), a national longitudinal database, this empirical research investigates the mechanisms through which social groups are made and socio-economic outcomes are determined in Canada today. Our objective is to explore and describe the social characteristics and personal attributes that intersect to direct divergent economic r…
The Intersecting Dynamics of Social Exclusion: Age, Gender, Race and Immigrant Status in Canada's Labour Market
Through the use of a social exclusion framework and analysis of recent data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (2009), a national longitudinal database, this empirical research investigates the mechanisms through which social groups are made and socio-economic outcomes are determined in Canada today. Our objective is to explore and describe the social characteristics and personal attributes that intersect to direct divergent economic r…
An intersectional pathway penalty: Filipina immigrant women inside and outside Canada’s Live‐In Caregiver Program
This study uses Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Immigration Database to examine the ‘intersectional pathway penalty’ experienced by immigrant women from the Philippines entering Canada between 1996 and 2016 through three immigration categories. Estimating a series of growth curve models of employment income for 642,885 women, we compare Filipina immigrants’ earnings trajectories with female immigrants from other source countries to highlight how…
Sorting or Shaping? The Gendered Economic Outcomes of Immigration Policy in Canada
Using a growth model analysis of Canada's Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), we establish a significant relationship between application status — i.e., the distinction in immigration policy between primary and secondary migrants — and individual wages. This relationship is associated with an earnings disadvantage for secondary migrants, who are disproportionately female. The disadvantage persists over time, even when individual h…
Measuring economic exclusion for racialized minorities, immigrants and women in Canada: Results from 2000 and 2010
In this article, the authors examine patterns of economic exclusion in Canada’s labor market in 2000 and 2010. Using Canada’s Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics data, the authors devise a unique Economic Exclusion Index to capture disparities in income, employment precarity, and wealth. The authors find evidence of persistent disadvantage tied to immigrant status, race, and gender in Canada’s labor market; specifically, individuals identified a…
The Empirical Measurement of a Theoretical Concept: Tracing Social Exclusion among Racial Minority and Migrant Groups in Canada
This paper provides an in-depth description and case application of a conceptual model of social exclusion: aiming to advance existing knowledge on how to conceive of and identify this complex idea, evaluate the methodologies used to measure it, and reconsider what is understood about its social realities toward a meaningful and measurable conception of social inclusion. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual tools of social fields and systems o…
Immigrant sentiment and labour market vulnerability: Economic perceptions of immigration in dualized labour markets
Women's Work: Welfare State Spending and the Gendered and Classed Dimensions of Unpaid Care
This study is the first to explicitly assess the connections between welfare state spending and the gendered and classed dimensions of unpaid care work across 29 European nations. Our research uses multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey data, examining childcare and housework burdens for people living with at least one child under the age of 18. Two key findings emerge: First, by disaggregating different types of unpaid car…
Comparing Care Regimes: Worker Characteristics and Wage Penalties in the Global Care Chain
This study uses 2010–2014 Luxembourg Income Study data to measure care work quantitatively within and across four care regimes, with a particular focus on the reliance on migrant women for low-wage, low-status work in health, education, social work, and domestic services. Care regimes are examined in order to highlight similarities and differences in twelve care economies: while liberal and corporatist care regimes are found to display a “migrant…
The migrant in the market: Care penalties and immigration in eight liberal welfare regimes
This article disaggregates high- and low-status care work across eight liberal welfare regimes: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Using Luxembourg Income Study data, descriptive and multivariate analyses provide support for a ‘migrant in the market’ model of employment, notwithstanding variation across countries. The data demonstrate a wage penalty in both high- and low-status care…
Caring during the Covid‐19 crisis: Intersectional exclusion of immigrant women health care aides in Canadian long‐term care
Long-term care (LTC) facilities have emerged as the single most critical location for the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across Canada and internationally. Yet the voices of health care aides (HCAs), an overwhelmingly female and racialized workforce who provide essential daily care to LTC residents, have largely been ignored to-date. This community-based research study provides new data collected from 25 in-depth individual interviews with imm…
Bonus or Burden? Care Work, Inequality, and Job Satisfaction in Eighteen European Countries
While existing research highlights the feminized and devalued nature of care work, the relationship between care work and job satisfaction has not yet been tested cross-nationally. England (2005) outlines two theoretical frameworks that guide our thinking about this potential relationship: the Prisoner of Love framework suggests that, notwithstanding the explicit and implicit costs of care work, the intrinsic benefits of caring provide ‘psychic i…
Situating secondary schooling in the transnational social field: Contestation and conflict in Greater Toronto Area classrooms
This article situates secondary schooling within the evolving transnational social field. Drawing on 43 interviews with teachers and former students with transnational connections in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, I examine how transnational practices and dispositions fit within existing curricular and pedagogical frameworks in secondary schools. It is suggested that the ‘ways of being’ and ‘ways of belonging’ for transnational students …
The High Costs of Caring: Measuring the Prevalence and Consequences of Birth-Related Career Interruptions for Immigrant Care Workers in Canada
Le présent article examine la question de la prévalence et des conséquences du retrait du marché du travail du personnel immigrant des soins à autrui au Canada après la naissance d’un enfant. Les analyses ont été menées principalement à partir des données issues de la Base de données longitudinales sur les immigrants (BDIM) de 2009-2018, en comparant un échantillon de personnes immigrantes entrées au Canada par le biais du Programme des aides fam…
The Intersecting Dynamics of Social Exclusion: Age, Gender, Race and Immigrant Status in Canada's Labour Market
Through the use of a social exclusion framework and analysis of recent data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (2009), a national longitudinal database, this empirical research investigates the mechanisms through which social groups are made and socio-economic outcomes are determined in Canada today. Our objective is to explore and describe the social characteristics and personal attributes that intersect to direct divergent economic r…
The Empirical Measurement of a Theoretical Concept: Tracing Social Exclusion among Racial Minority and Migrant Groups in Canada
This paper provides an in-depth description and case application of a conceptual model of social exclusion: aiming to advance existing knowledge on how to conceive of and identify this complex idea, evaluate the methodologies used to measure it, and reconsider what is understood about its social realities toward a meaningful and measurable conception of social inclusion. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual tools of social fields and systems o…
Situating secondary schooling in the transnational social field: Contestation and conflict in Greater Toronto Area classrooms
This article situates secondary schooling within the evolving transnational social field. Drawing on 43 interviews with teachers and former students with transnational connections in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, I examine how transnational practices and dispositions fit within existing curricular and pedagogical frameworks in secondary schools. It is suggested that the ‘ways of being’ and ‘ways of belonging’ for transnational students …
Sorting or Shaping? The Gendered Economic Outcomes of Immigration Policy in Canada
Using a growth model analysis of Canada's Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), we establish a significant relationship between application status — i.e., the distinction in immigration policy between primary and secondary migrants — and individual wages. This relationship is associated with an earnings disadvantage for secondary migrants, who are disproportionately female. The disadvantage persists over time, even when individual h…
Discounted labour? Disaggregating care work in comparative perspective
This article contrasts the earnings of high‐ and low‐status care workers in Canada, the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan (China) using the micro‐data files of the Luxembourg Income Study. By disaggregating existing definitions of care work, the author identifies occupations with lower and higher degrees of “social closure”, revealing the associated care penalties and care bonuses cross‐nationally. She also empirically measur…
Measuring economic exclusion for racialized minorities, immigrants and women in Canada: Results from 2000 and 2010
In this article, the authors examine patterns of economic exclusion in Canada’s labor market in 2000 and 2010. Using Canada’s Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics data, the authors devise a unique Economic Exclusion Index to capture disparities in income, employment precarity, and wealth. The authors find evidence of persistent disadvantage tied to immigrant status, race, and gender in Canada’s labor market; specifically, individuals identified a…
The migrant in the market: Care penalties and immigration in eight liberal welfare regimes
This article disaggregates high- and low-status care work across eight liberal welfare regimes: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Using Luxembourg Income Study data, descriptive and multivariate analyses provide support for a ‘migrant in the market’ model of employment, notwithstanding variation across countries. The data demonstrate a wage penalty in both high- and low-status care…
Immigrant sentiment and labour market vulnerability: Economic perceptions of immigration in dualized labour markets
Bonus or Burden? Care Work, Inequality, and Job Satisfaction in Eighteen European Countries
While existing research highlights the feminized and devalued nature of care work, the relationship between care work and job satisfaction has not yet been tested cross-nationally. England (2005) outlines two theoretical frameworks that guide our thinking about this potential relationship: the Prisoner of Love framework suggests that, notwithstanding the explicit and implicit costs of care work, the intrinsic benefits of caring provide ‘psychic i…
Comparing Care Regimes: Worker Characteristics and Wage Penalties in the Global Care Chain
This study uses 2010–2014 Luxembourg Income Study data to measure care work quantitatively within and across four care regimes, with a particular focus on the reliance on migrant women for low-wage, low-status work in health, education, social work, and domestic services. Care regimes are examined in order to highlight similarities and differences in twelve care economies: while liberal and corporatist care regimes are found to display a “migrant…
Gender, Class and the Cost of Unpaid Care: An Analysis of 25 Countries
This article examines the relationship between gender, class and unpaid care for children and elderly household members across twenty-five countries. Using the microdata files of the 2015–2017 Luxembourg Income Study, we demonstrate that household income quintile shapes the relationship between resident caregiving and a) women’s diminished share of household income and b) the associated “wage penalty” women experience in paid employment, examinin…
Caring during the Covid‐19 crisis: Intersectional exclusion of immigrant women health care aides in Canadian long‐term care
Long-term care (LTC) facilities have emerged as the single most critical location for the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across Canada and internationally. Yet the voices of health care aides (HCAs), an overwhelmingly female and racialized workforce who provide essential daily care to LTC residents, have largely been ignored to-date. This community-based research study provides new data collected from 25 in-depth individual interviews with imm…
An intersectional pathway penalty: Filipina immigrant women inside and outside Canada’s Live‐In Caregiver Program
This study uses Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Immigration Database to examine the ‘intersectional pathway penalty’ experienced by immigrant women from the Philippines entering Canada between 1996 and 2016 through three immigration categories. Estimating a series of growth curve models of employment income for 642,885 women, we compare Filipina immigrants’ earnings trajectories with female immigrants from other source countries to highlight how…
Women's Work: Welfare State Spending and the Gendered and Classed Dimensions of Unpaid Care
This study is the first to explicitly assess the connections between welfare state spending and the gendered and classed dimensions of unpaid care work across 29 European nations. Our research uses multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey data, examining childcare and housework burdens for people living with at least one child under the age of 18. Two key findings emerge: First, by disaggregating different types of unpaid car…
“Island Girls”: Caribbean Women Care Workers in Canada
This paper employs a quantitative intersectional analysis to explore the current labour market participation of Caribbean women care workers in Canada within the nexus of gender, race, and immigration status characterizing the care economy. Historically, Caribbean women were thought of as the quintessential migrant care workers; however, little or no recent analyses in Canada have used quantitative methods to analyse their current position. Using…
How should the government treat asylum seekers? The role of labour market vulnerability and migration in Europe
Differential Economic Inclusion: The Conversion of Symbolic Capital to Material Capital in Canada's Fractured Labour Market
This study analyzes data from the 2020 General Social Survey to examine how the economic conversion value of formal and informal social capital differs for immigrants across gender identification and "visible minority" status relative to white native-born Canadians. Using a Bourdieusian theoretical framework, the study assesses the social structures and symbolic economy of the labour market as a social field. Results show that while white men are…
Converging economies of care? Immigrant women workers across 17 countries and four care regimes
This study analyses 17 care economies using 2016 Luxembourg Income Study data to contribute to extant debate regarding the ongoing utility of care regimes as a classificatory schema for cross-national comparison. Examining similarities and differences in the provision of low-status work in health, education, social work, and domestic services – the ‘care economy’ – the data reveal devaluation of the labour done by immigrant women care workers, ne…
The High Costs of Caring: Measuring the Prevalence and Consequences of Birth-Related Career Interruptions for Immigrant Care Workers in Canada
Le présent article examine la question de la prévalence et des conséquences du retrait du marché du travail du personnel immigrant des soins à autrui au Canada après la naissance d’un enfant. Les analyses ont été menées principalement à partir des données issues de la Base de données longitudinales sur les immigrants (BDIM) de 2009-2018, en comparant un échantillon de personnes immigrantes entrées au Canada par le biais du Programme des aides fam…
Satisfaction with social care in the UK: Assessing the interactive effects of age and ideology
Social care is a pressing policy issue in the UK, where it is widely acknowledged that the status quo—including who pays, profits, and receives/delivers care—is unsustainable. Yet we know relatively little about the factors shaping satisfaction with the current system, as most prior research has been either descriptive in nature or focused on assessing funding priorities. This study investigates determinants of social care satisfaction for the UK…
When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure
This study examines whether, and under what conditions, unpaid and paid care work are associated with reduced psychological wellbeing. The article begins by laying out a shared theoretical framework for understanding the psychological consequences of care among both unpaid and paid carers. It then tests the empirical implications of this framework, conducting multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey and European Social Survey…
Political science (17 works) · Economics (16 works) · Demographic economics (15 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (15 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Immigration (12 works) · Labour economics (11 works) · Economic growth (9 works) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (8 works) · Care work (7 works)