David Clayton
Biographic Data
| ID | 3675139 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David Clayton |
| GIVEN NAMES | David |
| FAMILY NAME | Clayton |
| SIGNATURE | CLAYTON D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of York |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8470-0906 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 24 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 18 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Bad Weather and State-Building
This article contributes to the water history of Hong Kong by using new archival and media sources to investigate an under-explored water crisis. This crisis, which was caused by climatic and economic factors, was mitigated by emergency measures that lasted from May 1963 to June 1964. Without these emergency measures, which affected supply and demand for mains water, local reservoirs would have become exhausted. The article shows how Hong Kong go…
Like an unbridled horse that runs away with you’
This study explored the uses of digital technologies by older and disabled people who were social distancing and shielding during the early Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. The study considers the benefits, difficulties, and technical support needs of these groups of people during this time. Using a case study methodology, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 11 older and disabled people recruited from a local digital support service, and their s…
Roundtable
Buy British’
This article uses newly available state and business records to investigate the effectiveness of Buy British policies when Britain was a member of the EEC between the early 1970s and the mid-1980s – a period of rapid import penetration and deindustrialisation. We show that government pursued a range of overt and covert measures to combat these economic problems. Overt measures sought to encourage domestic consumers to buy British; covert measures…
Conflict and conciliation
This article focuses on a long-standing riddle: what explains the quiescence of Hong Kong workers? Building on a literature written by social historians, industrial relations experts and social scientists, and using qualitative and quantitative data created by governments, the article discusses the effects of the de-radicalization of the working class; acute macroeconomic instability; ‘paternalistic’ and discriminatory labour management strategie…
Peter Lowe, Contending with Nationalism and Communism
Christopher Baxter, The Great Power Struggle in East Asia, 1944–50
Trade-Offs and Rip-Offs
Hong Kong's development as an industrial exporter was advantaged by a flexible institutional regime, which generated gains from imitation-led industrialisation and which allowed the mobilisation of public and private resources to enable a transition to a more stringent enforcement regime for intellectual property. Fragmentary industrial structures raised monitoring costs for trademark proprietors and gave opportunities for infringers to exploit i…
Advertising expenditure in 1950s Britain
Advertising as a proportion of national income rose from the late 1940s and peaked in the mid-to-late 1950s. This growth however exhibited inflection points in 1949 and 1951 which coincided with political economy shifts. During this period of growth all sectors producing consumer goods increased expenditure on advertising; expenditure on advertising by the tobacco, and the clothing and footwear sectors rose the most relative to consumer spending …
From ‘Free’ to ‘Fair’ Trade
By the mid-1950s the Colonial Office was working closely with officials in a rapidly industrialising Hong Kong to improve employment conditions by extending statutory rights to factory workers. From 1958 it wanted to accelerate the pace of legislative change to respond to the demands of social and business lobby groups. The colonial administration in Hong Kong was reluctant to regulate industry more stringently but, as pressure from Britain inten…
The consumption of radio broadcast technologies in Hong Kong, c.1930–1960 1
This article uses previously under‐exploited quantitative and qualitative primary sources in Hong Kong, the US, and the UK to chronicle how radio broadcast technologies extended in a Less Developed Country. As incomes were rising and the price of radio receiving sets was falling, demand‐side forces were strong in Hong Kong. Yet, these forces alone cannot explain the pattern of diffusion observed. Innovations accelerated the take‐up of radios. The…
Imperialism Revisited
Communist China's integration into world diplomatic and trading systems in the 1950s was troublesome: relations with British governments and British business interests were no exception. The book exam
Statistical Models in Epidemiology
Approximate Inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Statistical approaches to overdispersion, correlated errors, shrinkage estimation, and smoothing of regression relationships may be encompassed within the framework of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Given an unobserved vector of random effects, observations are assumed to be conditionally independent with means that depend on the linear predictor through a specified link function and conditional variances that are specified by a varia…
Empirical Bayes Estimates of Age-Standardized Relative Risks for Use in Disease Mapping
There have been many attempts in recent years to map incidence and mortality from diseases such as cancer. Such maps usually display either relative rates in each district, as measured by a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) or some similar index, or the statistical significance level for a test of the difference between the rates in that district and elsewhere. Neither of these approaches is fully satisfactory and we propose a new approach using…
Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II
Our first paper reviewed methods for modelling variation in cancer incidence and mortality rates in terms of either period effects or cohort effects in the general multiplicative risk model. There we drew attention to the difficulty of attributing regular trends to either period or cohort influences. In this paper we turn to the more realistic problem in which neither period nor cohort effects alone lead to an adequate description of the data. We…
Occurrence of cancer in Asians and non-Asians
Cancer registration data for a defined geographical area, covering a seven year period, were modified to include the variable "Asian ethnic origin." The data were then used to test the hypothesis that a difference would be found between Asians and non-Asians in the pattern of cancer by site. Whereas the incidence of cancer of all sites appeared to be significantly lower in Asians (p less than 0.05), after taking account of this, and adjusting for…
The elderly in residential care
A census in which 4514 people aged 65 and over had been enumerated in all types of institutional care both within and outside the National Health Service in Leicestershire was taken as a starting point for the present investigation. This entire population was followed up for one year to determine its mortality experience. Mortality was described by three measures: (a) the proportion surviving for one year from the date of the census, (b) the stan…
The elderly in residential care
A census in which 4514 people aged 65 and over had been enumerated in all types of institutional care both within and outside the National Health Service in Leicestershire was taken as a starting point for the present investigation. This entire population was followed up for one year to determine its mortality experience. Mortality was described by three measures: (a) the proportion surviving for one year from the date of the census, (b) the stan…
From ‘Free’ to ‘Fair’ Trade
By the mid-1950s the Colonial Office was working closely with officials in a rapidly industrialising Hong Kong to improve employment conditions by extending statutory rights to factory workers. From 1958 it wanted to accelerate the pace of legislative change to respond to the demands of social and business lobby groups. The colonial administration in Hong Kong was reluctant to regulate industry more stringently but, as pressure from Britain inten…
The consumption of radio broadcast technologies in Hong Kong, c.1930–1960 1
This article uses previously under‐exploited quantitative and qualitative primary sources in Hong Kong, the US, and the UK to chronicle how radio broadcast technologies extended in a Less Developed Country. As incomes were rising and the price of radio receiving sets was falling, demand‐side forces were strong in Hong Kong. Yet, these forces alone cannot explain the pattern of diffusion observed. Innovations accelerated the take‐up of radios. The…
Statistical Models in Epidemiology
Conflict and conciliation
This article focuses on a long-standing riddle: what explains the quiescence of Hong Kong workers? Building on a literature written by social historians, industrial relations experts and social scientists, and using qualitative and quantitative data created by governments, the article discusses the effects of the de-radicalization of the working class; acute macroeconomic instability; ‘paternalistic’ and discriminatory labour management strategie…
Like an unbridled horse that runs away with you’
This study explored the uses of digital technologies by older and disabled people who were social distancing and shielding during the early Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. The study considers the benefits, difficulties, and technical support needs of these groups of people during this time. Using a case study methodology, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 11 older and disabled people recruited from a local digital support service, and their s…
Buy British’
This article uses newly available state and business records to investigate the effectiveness of Buy British policies when Britain was a member of the EEC between the early 1970s and the mid-1980s – a period of rapid import penetration and deindustrialisation. We show that government pursued a range of overt and covert measures to combat these economic problems. Overt measures sought to encourage domestic consumers to buy British; covert measures…
Advertising expenditure in 1950s Britain
Advertising as a proportion of national income rose from the late 1940s and peaked in the mid-to-late 1950s. This growth however exhibited inflection points in 1949 and 1951 which coincided with political economy shifts. During this period of growth all sectors producing consumer goods increased expenditure on advertising; expenditure on advertising by the tobacco, and the clothing and footwear sectors rose the most relative to consumer spending …
Occurrence of cancer in Asians and non-Asians
Cancer registration data for a defined geographical area, covering a seven year period, were modified to include the variable "Asian ethnic origin." The data were then used to test the hypothesis that a difference would be found between Asians and non-Asians in the pattern of cancer by site. Whereas the incidence of cancer of all sites appeared to be significantly lower in Asians (p less than 0.05), after taking account of this, and adjusting for…
The elderly in residential care
A census in which 4514 people aged 65 and over had been enumerated in all types of institutional care both within and outside the National Health Service in Leicestershire was taken as a starting point for the present investigation. This entire population was followed up for one year to determine its mortality experience. Mortality was described by three measures: (a) the proportion surviving for one year from the date of the census, (b) the stan…
Occurrence of cancer in Asians and non-Asians
Cancer registration data for a defined geographical area, covering a seven year period, were modified to include the variable "Asian ethnic origin." The data were then used to test the hypothesis that a difference would be found between Asians and non-Asians in the pattern of cancer by site. Whereas the incidence of cancer of all sites appeared to be significantly lower in Asians (p less than 0.05), after taking account of this, and adjusting for…
Empirical Bayes Estimates of Age-Standardized Relative Risks for Use in Disease Mapping
There have been many attempts in recent years to map incidence and mortality from diseases such as cancer. Such maps usually display either relative rates in each district, as measured by a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) or some similar index, or the statistical significance level for a test of the difference between the rates in that district and elsewhere. Neither of these approaches is fully satisfactory and we propose a new approach using…
Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II
Our first paper reviewed methods for modelling variation in cancer incidence and mortality rates in terms of either period effects or cohort effects in the general multiplicative risk model. There we drew attention to the difficulty of attributing regular trends to either period or cohort influences. In this paper we turn to the more realistic problem in which neither period nor cohort effects alone lead to an adequate description of the data. We…
Approximate Inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Statistical approaches to overdispersion, correlated errors, shrinkage estimation, and smoothing of regression relationships may be encompassed within the framework of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Given an unobserved vector of random effects, observations are assumed to be conditionally independent with means that depend on the linear predictor through a specified link function and conditional variances that are specified by a varia…
Statistical Models in Epidemiology
Imperialism Revisited
Communist China's integration into world diplomatic and trading systems in the 1950s was troublesome: relations with British governments and British business interests were no exception. The book exam
The consumption of radio broadcast technologies in Hong Kong, c.1930–1960 1
This article uses previously under‐exploited quantitative and qualitative primary sources in Hong Kong, the US, and the UK to chronicle how radio broadcast technologies extended in a Less Developed Country. As incomes were rising and the price of radio receiving sets was falling, demand‐side forces were strong in Hong Kong. Yet, these forces alone cannot explain the pattern of diffusion observed. Innovations accelerated the take‐up of radios. The…
From ‘Free’ to ‘Fair’ Trade
By the mid-1950s the Colonial Office was working closely with officials in a rapidly industrialising Hong Kong to improve employment conditions by extending statutory rights to factory workers. From 1958 it wanted to accelerate the pace of legislative change to respond to the demands of social and business lobby groups. The colonial administration in Hong Kong was reluctant to regulate industry more stringently but, as pressure from Britain inten…
Advertising expenditure in 1950s Britain
Advertising as a proportion of national income rose from the late 1940s and peaked in the mid-to-late 1950s. This growth however exhibited inflection points in 1949 and 1951 which coincided with political economy shifts. During this period of growth all sectors producing consumer goods increased expenditure on advertising; expenditure on advertising by the tobacco, and the clothing and footwear sectors rose the most relative to consumer spending …
Trade-Offs and Rip-Offs
Hong Kong's development as an industrial exporter was advantaged by a flexible institutional regime, which generated gains from imitation-led industrialisation and which allowed the mobilisation of public and private resources to enable a transition to a more stringent enforcement regime for intellectual property. Fragmentary industrial structures raised monitoring costs for trademark proprietors and gave opportunities for infringers to exploit i…
Peter Lowe, Contending with Nationalism and Communism
Christopher Baxter, The Great Power Struggle in East Asia, 1944–50
Conflict and conciliation
This article focuses on a long-standing riddle: what explains the quiescence of Hong Kong workers? Building on a literature written by social historians, industrial relations experts and social scientists, and using qualitative and quantitative data created by governments, the article discusses the effects of the de-radicalization of the working class; acute macroeconomic instability; ‘paternalistic’ and discriminatory labour management strategie…
Roundtable
Buy British’
This article uses newly available state and business records to investigate the effectiveness of Buy British policies when Britain was a member of the EEC between the early 1970s and the mid-1980s – a period of rapid import penetration and deindustrialisation. We show that government pursued a range of overt and covert measures to combat these economic problems. Overt measures sought to encourage domestic consumers to buy British; covert measures…
Like an unbridled horse that runs away with you’
This study explored the uses of digital technologies by older and disabled people who were social distancing and shielding during the early Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. The study considers the benefits, difficulties, and technical support needs of these groups of people during this time. Using a case study methodology, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 11 older and disabled people recruited from a local digital support service, and their s…
Bad Weather and State-Building
This article contributes to the water history of Hong Kong by using new archival and media sources to investigate an under-explored water crisis. This crisis, which was caused by climatic and economic factors, was mitigated by emergency measures that lasted from May 1963 to June 1964. Without these emergency measures, which affected supply and demand for mains water, local reservoirs would have become exhausted. The article shows how Hong Kong go…
Political science (11 works) · Law (8 works) · Economics (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Politics (5 works) · Business (4 works) · History (4 works) · Medicine (4 works) · Computer Science (3 works)