Tamar Herzog
Biographic Data
| ID | 3677299 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tamar Herzog |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tamar |
| FAMILY NAME | Herzog |
| SIGNATURE | HERZOG T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0009-0002-8200-1906 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 37 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Informação Na Época Moderna: Coletar E Conhecer Na Espanha E Seu Império
Historians of the Spanish empire have described it often as a political formation that was held together by chains of papers. If the Portuguese controlled sea routes, the English took possession of the land, and the French traded with natives, what Spaniards did best was to develop an efficient and powerful administration. This portrait, though presenting Spain as a highly exceptional case, was nonetheless based also on observing the larger devel…
Converting and Mixing
This article asks how familiarity with debates about the conversion of indigenous and Afro-Latin Americans, as well as about colonial mixing, can contribute to illuminating discussions regarding the experiences of former Jews in Iberian territories. The aim is not to survey similarities and differences but instead to highlight questions that have preoccupied historians of Latin America yet have not been central to those studying the Jewish experi…
The Cambridge History of Latin American Law in Global Perspective
Covering the precolonial period to the present, The Cambridge History of Latin American Law in Global Perspective provides a comprehensive overview of Latin American law, revealing the vast commonalities and differences within the continent as well as entanglements with countries around the world. Bringing together experts from across the Americas and Europe, this innovative treatment of Latin American law explains how law operated in different h…
Imagining Indigenous Consent and Indigenous Right to Resist in Colonial Latin America
This text examines Portuguese and Spanish documentation to show that Iberians invoked a variety of ways by which the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas could consent to their presence and domination. According to these sources, indigenous consent could be explicit or implicit, and it could be free or coerced, with each one of these situations giving rise to a distinct assessment of indigenous right to resist. By observing developments both in…
Lo que los conflictos nos enseñan sobre el derecho a la tierra
This text describes the precariousness of land rights in colonial Latin America. Drawing attention to usage rights and possession, rather than property rights, it surveys debates in the colonial courts regarding who the land belongs to, how it is assigned and conserved by communities, families, and individuals, and what can these do to protect their entitlements. It re-examines what composiciones de tierra were, the rights of caciques to communal…
The Cambridge History of Nationhood and Nationalism
This major new reference work with contributions from an international team of scholars provides a comprehensive account of ideas and practices of nationhood and nationalism from antiquity to the present. It considers both continuities and discontinuities, engaging critically and analytically with the scholarly literature in the field. Volume I starts with a series of case studies of classical civilizations. It then explores a wide range of pivot…
Property, Territory, and Jurisdiction in Colonial Ibero-America
This chapter seeks to problematize the assertion that international law is the product of empire. It briefly surveys European theories regarding property, territory, and jurisdiction, inquires on their implementation in colonial domains, ponders on the relations between what transpired on each side of the ocean, and asks whether these developments contributed to the formation of international law. Contemporary scholars sometimes suggest that inte…
People of the Iberian Borderlands: Community and Conflict between Spain and Portugal, 1640–1715, written by David Martín Marcos
The Uses and Abuses of Legal Pluralism: A View from the Sideline
This text takes issue with how present day debates regarding legal pluralism affect our vision of the past, as well as limit the horizons of possibilities in the future. It suggests that the genealogy of these debates determined what would be seen, and what ignored, and that, as a result, it has privileged some aspects, while forgetting the importance of others
Immemorial (and native) customs in early modernity: Europe and the Americas
This text asks how a greater familiarity with European law would change our vision of colonial territories, most particularly, Latin America. Concentrating on the study of immemorial and native customs in both European and American territories, it argues that these customs were not necessarily ancient or authentic. Instead, they authorised making legal exceptions to the general rule in a legal universe that was dramatically different from our own…
Early Modern Citizenship in Europe and the Americas: A Twenty Years’ Conversation
This text interrogates the relations between a book and its readers. It describes why I wrote Defining Nations: Immigrants and Citizens in Early Modern Spain and Spanish America some twenty years ago in terms of what I wanted to ask and answer, and it depicts how readers have used it since. Besides considering how the study of early modern citizenship changed over time, the aim is to encourage a conversation regarding how scholarship develops, as…
Maarten Prak’s Citizens without Nations and the Legal History of Spain
This text summarizes some of the findings regarding municipal citizenship (vecindad) and membership in the kingdom community (naturaleza) in Spain from the middle ages to the twentieth century and compares and contrasts them with the conclusions reached by Maarten Prak. Basically agreeing with his main discoveries, it nonetheless argues that in Spain, at least, many of the features described by Prak did not disappear in the aftermaths of the Fren…
Despoblación y repoblación en la España Moderna: Cuestiones para un debate
Se estudia el debate del siglo XVIII en torno de la repoblación de los despoblados con el fin de repensar los criterios barajados en la época. Nos preguntamos cómo se identificaban los despoblados, por qué se los quería reformar y cuál era el papel de la memoria en estos procesos. Igualmente se indaga cómo se entendía la utilidad pública y qué relevancia tienen estos debates en la actualidad
Indigenous Reducciones and Spanish Resettlement: Placing Colonial and European History in Dialogue
Arguing for the urgent need to place colonial and European history in dialogue, this text criticizes the literature that examines campaigns to resettle the native population of Spanish America in villages, identified as reducciones or congregaciones. It argues that, rather than a colonial technology aimed at controlling and exploiting the colonized, campaigns to resettle individuals also took place in Spain and that, in Spanish America, they also…
AHR Conversation: Walls, Borders, and Boundaries in World History
Since 2006, the AHR has published nine “Conversations,” each on a subject of interest to a wide range of historians.1 For each the process has been the same: the Editor convenes a group of scholars with an interest in the topic, who, via e-mail over the course of several months, conduct a conversation, which is then lightly edited and footnoted, finally appearing (with one exception) in the December issue. The goal has been to provide readers wit…
Edge of Empire: Atlantic Networks and Revolution in Bourbon Rio de la Plata, Fabrício Prado
Andrew Fitzmaurice. Sovereignty, Property and Empire, 1500–2000
Frontiers of Possession: Spain and Portugal in Europe and the Americas
Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America
Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native disposse…
Identities and Processes of Identification in the Atlantic World
We tend to think about the inhabitants of the Atlantic world as members of discrete groups. We thus argue that ‘Spaniards’ had encountered ‘Indians’, ‘Europeans’ competed with one another, and ‘Africans’ were imported as slaves. Although these categories may be meaningful to us, like all identities and processes of identification, they were dynamic constructions in constant flux. Having gradually emerged during the early modern period and to a gr…
Naturales y extranjeros: Sobre La Construcción De Categorías en El Mundo Hispánico
This essay examines the meaning, uses and extension of the concepts 'native' and 'foreigner' in both Spain and Spanish America during the Early Modern period. It argues: i. that the distinction between natives and foreigners was not always important, not even relevant; ii. that discussions regarding these categories only happened when actors identified particular interests that they were willing to defend; iii. that nativeness and foreignness wer…
Laura Giraudo (coord.): Derechos, costumbres y jurisdicciones indígenas en la América Latina contemporánea. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2008
LAURA GIRAUDO (coord.): Derechos, costumbres y jurisdicciones indígenasen la América Latina contemporánea. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos yConstitucionales, 2008
Law, Labor, and Civic Identities in the British and Spanish Empires
Patrones, clientes y amigos: El poder burocrático indiano en la España del siglo XVIII
In this book, Peralta Ruiz analyzes the network of personal and institutional relations that in the eighteenth century connected the secretaries of state and of the navy and the Indies (secretarios de Estado and secretarios del Despacho de Marina e Indias) with individuals in the New World. Arguing that these networks were established by appealing to family ties and common origin, he posits that equally important to their constitution and mainten…
Desde la otra orilla: Cartas de Indias en el Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid (Siglos XVI - XVIII)
In a beautifully presented book, Ma. del Carmen Martínez Martínez has collected, transcribed, and annotated 277 letters written between 1537 and 1819 by different individuals who were either in the Americas or on their way to and from the New World. These letters were found in the archives of the Chancillería de Valladolid, the court viewing and reviewing lawsuits proceeding, roughly speaking, from the northern half of Spain. Although motivated b…
Naturales y extranjeros: Sobre La Construcción De Categorías en El Mundo Hispánico
This essay examines the meaning, uses and extension of the concepts 'native' and 'foreigner' in both Spain and Spanish America during the Early Modern period. It argues: i. that the distinction between natives and foreigners was not always important, not even relevant; ii. that discussions regarding these categories only happened when actors identified particular interests that they were willing to defend; iii. that nativeness and foreignness wer…
Indigenous Reducciones and Spanish Resettlement: Placing Colonial and European History in Dialogue
Arguing for the urgent need to place colonial and European history in dialogue, this text criticizes the literature that examines campaigns to resettle the native population of Spanish America in villages, identified as reducciones or congregaciones. It argues that, rather than a colonial technology aimed at controlling and exploiting the colonized, campaigns to resettle individuals also took place in Spain and that, in Spanish America, they also…
Communities Becoming a Nation: Spain and Spanish America in the Wake of Modernity (and Thereafter)
Herzog challenges a traditional narrative of the emergence of the nation state in her study of Spain and the New World, arguing that citizenship in Spain and in Spanish America was rooted in the early modern period, and remained rooted thereafter, in local practices of participation and community rites, which allowed municipalities to decide who the ‘national’ citizens were. Her study reveals that it was in fact the practice of colonial expansion…
Terres et déserts, société et sauvagerie: De la communauté en Amérique et en Castille à l’époque moderne
Cet article envisage le débat concernant le regroupement des Indiens en villages (réductions au Pérou,congregacionesen Nouvelle-Espagne) dans l'Amérique espagnole coloniale. Plutôt qu'une stratégie visant à l'extraction des ressources, cette politique correspond à une représentation selon laquelle ceux qui vivaient sans enracinement communautaire étaient une menace sociale, car ils vivaient sans roi, ni religion, ni terre. Et leur conduite, allég…
Early Modern Citizenship in Europe and the Americas: A Twenty Years’ Conversation
This text interrogates the relations between a book and its readers. It describes why I wrote Defining Nations: Immigrants and Citizens in Early Modern Spain and Spanish America some twenty years ago in terms of what I wanted to ask and answer, and it depicts how readers have used it since. Besides considering how the study of early modern citizenship changed over time, the aim is to encourage a conversation regarding how scholarship develops, as…
AHR Conversation: Walls, Borders, and Boundaries in World History
Since 2006, the AHR has published nine “Conversations,” each on a subject of interest to a wide range of historians.1 For each the process has been the same: the Editor convenes a group of scholars with an interest in the topic, who, via e-mail over the course of several months, conduct a conversation, which is then lightly edited and footnoted, finally appearing (with one exception) in the December issue. The goal has been to provide readers wit…
The Uses and Abuses of Legal Pluralism: A View from the Sideline
This text takes issue with how present day debates regarding legal pluralism affect our vision of the past, as well as limit the horizons of possibilities in the future. It suggests that the genealogy of these debates determined what would be seen, and what ignored, and that, as a result, it has privileged some aspects, while forgetting the importance of others
Identities and Processes of Identification in the Atlantic World
We tend to think about the inhabitants of the Atlantic world as members of discrete groups. We thus argue that ‘Spaniards’ had encountered ‘Indians’, ‘Europeans’ competed with one another, and ‘Africans’ were imported as slaves. Although these categories may be meaningful to us, like all identities and processes of identification, they were dynamic constructions in constant flux. Having gradually emerged during the early modern period and to a gr…
Redes personales y capitales institucionales: La Real Hacienda y el cabildo de Quito a mediados del siglo XVIII
Las relaciones entre redes personales y capitales institucionales, están en el centro de reflexión de este artículo. Tomando como ejemplo el papel de quien fuera tesorero de la Real Hacienda de Quito en las décadas de 1730 y 1740, quisiera argumentar a favor de la imposibilidad de entender el establecimiento de relaciones sociales, sin la mediación de las instituciones y viceversa. Por un lado, el éxito obtenido en un terreno, se reflejaba en la …
El rescate de una fuente histórica: Los libros de visita de cárcel (El caso de Quito, 1738-1750)
El trabajo describe las visitas de cárcel en general y en la ciudad de Quito en particular, poniendo énfasis sobre su ejecución práctica y sus resultados. Desea atraer la atención de los historiadores sobre los libros de visita, hasta el presente poco estudiados, demostrando su posible contribución a la investigación, tanto social como judicial, del mundo colonial hispanoamericano. Permite conclusiones sobre la división de competencias, la distri…
El rescate de una fuente histórica: Los libros de visita de cárcel (El caso de Quito, 1738-1750)
La Gaceta de Lima (1756-1761): La reestructuración de la realidad y sus funciones
No presenta resumen
El rescate de una fuente histórica: Los libros de visita de cárcel (El caso de Quito, 1738-1750)
El trabajo describe las visitas de cárcel en general y en la ciudad de Quito en particular, poniendo énfasis sobre su ejecución práctica y sus resultados. Desea atraer la atención de los historiadores sobre los libros de visita, hasta el presente poco estudiados, demostrando su posible contribución a la investigación, tanto social como judicial, del mundo colonial hispanoamericano. Permite conclusiones sobre la división de competencias, la distri…
El rescate de una fuente histórica: Los libros de visita de cárcel (El caso de Quito, 1738-1750)
Las Reformas Borbónicas a escala humana La extinción y el restablecimiento de la Audiencia de Quito (1718-1722)
El siglo XVIII es sinónimo, tanto en España como en América, de ilustración y reformas. Durante su curso se llevó a cabo un intento, más o menos serio según las distintas opiniones, de cambiar las estructuras administrativas y fiscales de los territorios bajo el control de la monarquía hispana. Al parecer, se buscó una mayor eficacia administrativa y una centralización de las estructuras. Se percibía como un asalto de la monarquía, dispuesta a re…
Frontera y poblamiento: Estudios de historia y antropología de Colombia y Ecuador - CHANTAL Caillavet y Ximena PachÓN: Bogotá, Ifea, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas y Departamento d…
"Frontera y poblamiento" recoge los trabajos de ocho investigadores que se interesan en un marco común, tanto temático como geográfico: estudian un solo espacio de referencia -que cubre las actuales repúblicas de Colombia y Ecuador- y un único tema -la relación entre comunidad y territorio. La similitud entre sus contribuciones, sin embargo, no es más que formal; en cada una de ellas se debate entre diferentes conceptos de territorialidad y de fr…
A Stranger in a Strange Land: The Conversion of Foreigners into Community Members in Colonial Latin America (17th-18th Centuries)
(1997). 'A Stranger in a Strange Land': The Conversion of Foreigners into Community Members in Colonial Latin America (17th-18th Centuries) Social Identities: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 247-264
Redes personales y capitales institucionales: La Real Hacienda y el cabildo de Quito a mediados del siglo XVIII
Las relaciones entre redes personales y capitales institucionales, están en el centro de reflexión de este artículo. Tomando como ejemplo el papel de quien fuera tesorero de la Real Hacienda de Quito en las décadas de 1730 y 1740, quisiera argumentar a favor de la imposibilidad de entender el establecimiento de relaciones sociales, sin la mediación de las instituciones y viceversa. Por un lado, el éxito obtenido en un terreno, se reflejaba en la …
La mosaïque indienne: Mobilité, stratification sociale et métissage dans le corregimiento de Cuenca (Equateur) du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle
Jacques Poloni-Simard studies the evolution of the Indian community in Cuenca (present day Ecuador) between 1557 and 1780. He analyzes the economic situation in the region, as well as the institutions implemented by the Spaniards, in order to evaluate Indian response and adaptation to them. He suggests that three distinct periods existed. The first (1557–1619) was a period of destruction and exploitation. During this period, Indian effort was mai…
Aliens in Medieval Law: The Origins of Modern Citizenship . Keechang Kim
Defining Nations: Immigrants and Citizens in Early Modern Spain and Spanish America
In this book Tamar Herzog explores the emergence of a specifically Spanish concept of community in both Spain and Spanish America in the eighteenth century. Challenging the assumption that communities were the natural result of common factors such as language or religion, or that they were artificially imagined, Herzog reexamines early modern categories of belonging. She argues that the distinction between those who were Spaniards and those who w…
Upholding Justice: Society, State, and the Penal System in Quito (1650-1750)
Chapter 9. Early Modern Spanish Citizenship: Inclusion and Exclusion in the Old and the New World
Modern Inquisitions: Peru and the Colonial Origins of the Civilized World
In this book, Irene Silverblatt wishes to demonstrate the modernity of Spanish colonialism by looking at the persecution of heretics in the viceroyalty of Peru. Arguing against those who perceive Spain and the Inquisition as premodern entities (mostly Anglo-American authors), she asserts that both used bureaucratic procedures to obtain a conformity that enabled the creation of states and nations. Coinciding with early modern colonialism, the birt…
Nombres y apellidos: Cómo se llamaban las personas en Castilla e Hispanoamérica durante la época moderna
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Communities Becoming a Nation: Spain and Spanish America in the Wake of Modernity (and Thereafter)
Herzog challenges a traditional narrative of the emergence of the nation state in her study of Spain and the New World, arguing that citizenship in Spain and in Spanish America was rooted in the early modern period, and remained rooted thereafter, in local practices of participation and community rites, which allowed municipalities to decide who the ‘national’ citizens were. Her study reveals that it was in fact the practice of colonial expansion…
Terres et déserts, société et sauvagerie: De la communauté en Amérique et en Castille à l’époque moderne
Cet article envisage le débat concernant le regroupement des Indiens en villages (réductions au Pérou,congregacionesen Nouvelle-Espagne) dans l'Amérique espagnole coloniale. Plutôt qu'une stratégie visant à l'extraction des ressources, cette politique correspond à une représentation selon laquelle ceux qui vivaient sans enracinement communautaire étaient une menace sociale, car ils vivaient sans roi, ni religion, ni terre. Et leur conduite, allég…
Desde la otra orilla: Cartas de Indias en el Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid (Siglos XVI - XVIII)
In a beautifully presented book, Ma. del Carmen Martínez Martínez has collected, transcribed, and annotated 277 letters written between 1537 and 1819 by different individuals who were either in the Americas or on their way to and from the New World. These letters were found in the archives of the Chancillería de Valladolid, the court viewing and reviewing lawsuits proceeding, roughly speaking, from the northern half of Spain. Although motivated b…
Patrones, clientes y amigos: El poder burocrático indiano en la España del siglo XVIII
In this book, Peralta Ruiz analyzes the network of personal and institutional relations that in the eighteenth century connected the secretaries of state and of the navy and the Indies (secretarios de Estado and secretarios del Despacho de Marina e Indias) with individuals in the New World. Arguing that these networks were established by appealing to family ties and common origin, he posits that equally important to their constitution and mainten…
Laura Giraudo (coord.): Derechos, costumbres y jurisdicciones indígenas en la América Latina contemporánea. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2008
LAURA GIRAUDO (coord.): Derechos, costumbres y jurisdicciones indígenasen la América Latina contemporánea. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos yConstitucionales, 2008
Law, Labor, and Civic Identities in the British and Spanish Empires
Identities and Processes of Identification in the Atlantic World
We tend to think about the inhabitants of the Atlantic world as members of discrete groups. We thus argue that ‘Spaniards’ had encountered ‘Indians’, ‘Europeans’ competed with one another, and ‘Africans’ were imported as slaves. Although these categories may be meaningful to us, like all identities and processes of identification, they were dynamic constructions in constant flux. Having gradually emerged during the early modern period and to a gr…
Naturales y extranjeros: Sobre La Construcción De Categorías en El Mundo Hispánico
This essay examines the meaning, uses and extension of the concepts 'native' and 'foreigner' in both Spain and Spanish America during the Early Modern period. It argues: i. that the distinction between natives and foreigners was not always important, not even relevant; ii. that discussions regarding these categories only happened when actors identified particular interests that they were willing to defend; iii. that nativeness and foreignness wer…
Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America
Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native disposse…
Frontiers of Possession: Spain and Portugal in Europe and the Americas
Edge of Empire: Atlantic Networks and Revolution in Bourbon Rio de la Plata, Fabrício Prado
Political science (27 works) · Law (21 works) · History (20 works) · Art (18 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Latin American history and culture (15 works) · Historical Studies in Latin America (14 works) · Humanities (14 works) · Politics (12 works) · Colonialism (10 works)