Steve Herbert
Biographic Data
| ID | 3685591 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Steve Herbert |
| GIVEN NAMES | Steve |
| FAMILY NAME | Herbert |
| SIGNATURE | HERBERT S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 781 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Degradation or Redemption? A Parole Board Polices a Moral Boundary
Parole boards possess the notable power to grant release from prison, oftentimes well short of an incarcerated person’s legally allowable length of sentence. Although the exercise of that power is, at least in part, governed by law, extralegal considerations likely play an influential part in decisions to grant release. Indeed, the analysis offered here of parole board hearings in Washington State reveals, in particular, the work that board membe…
Policing Los Angeles: Race, Resistance, and the Rise of the Lapd
Too Easy to Keep: Life-Sentenced Prisoners and the Future of Mass Incarceration
“Some guys don’t break any rules. They do their jobs, they go to school, they don’t commit any infractions, they keep their cells clean and tidy, and they follow the rules. And usually those are our LWOPs [life without parole]. They’re usually our easiest keepers.” Too Easy to Keep directs much-needed attention toward a neglected group of American prisoners—the large and growing population of inmates serving life sentences. Drawing on extensive i…
Too Easy to Keep: Life-Sentenced Prisoners and the Future of Mass Incarceration
Life-sentenced prisoners are a growing proportion of America’s incarcerated population. Too Easy to Keep provides a thorough assessment of the consequences of this monumental shift. It examines the implications of growing numbers of life sentences for both prisoners serving that sentence and the prisons that house them. It draws upon extensive interviews with life-sentenced prisoners and prison staff in two Washington facilities. The data demonst…
Policing European metropolises: The politics of security in city-regions
Qualitative Data, Acquisition
This entry reviews some of the central challenges that a qualitative researcher faces in acquiring useful data. The focus is upon the two key modes of qualitative data gathering – ethnography and interviews. The entry reviews the key strengths and weaknesses of each of these methods, and considers when each might be employed most productively. As will be clear, gathering high‐quality qualitative data is neither quick nor easy, yet such data enabl…
Inside or outside? Expanding the narratives about life-sentenced prisoners
The number of life-sentenced prisoners in the United States is growing, an increase that deserves ongoing critical consideration. Such consideration is heightened by the fact that many lifers undergo significant personal transformations during their incarceration. This paper uses interviews with 21 life-sentenced prisoners in the state of Washington to document the degree of such transformations. These transformations create compelling questions …
Policing Social Marginality: Contrasting Approaches
Urban police officers concentrate much attention on individuals who experience various forms of inequality. Some police tactics that address the socially marginal garner public concern, especially when violence occurs. Solutions to such police-community tensions are elusive, in part because police cannot meaningfully reduce inequality. Yet there are better and worse ways to police the impoverished, and we use this article to contrast three genera…
Fear and Loathing in the San Juan Islands: Endangered Orcas and the Legitimacy of Environmental Law
Although a healthy environment is generally recognized as an important public good, environmental regulation often meets significant opposition. The legitimacy of environmental law is thus very much an uncertain political project, as is evident in many struggles over environmental protection. I use and extend literatures on legal consciousness, legal geographies, and environmental regulation to analyze a controversy that emerged over efforts to r…
The Regulation of Environmental Space
The need to regulate environmental problems is of ever-increasing urgency. Yet the complexity of environmental dynamics challenges any regulatory scheme. We use this essay to describe and assess some of these challenges. We deploy the terms scope and scale as analytic tools in this effort. We define and elaborate on these terms and then use them to analyze three especially critical dilemmas in environmental regulation: the fit between environment…
Introduction: Engaging Qualitative Geography
The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Geography
"After a heyday of dominance in the 1950s and 1960s, quantitative methods have been joined by an increased use of qualitative methods in research (Eyles and Smith, 1998; Limb and Dwyer, 2001; Hay, 2005; DeLyser, 2008). Indeed, Iain Hay (2005: 10) argues that, ‘In the last twenty-five years the pendulum of geographical methods within human geography has swung firmly from quantitative to qualitative methods ... Qualitative methods have been in the …
From Spy to Okay Guy: Trust and Validity in Fieldwork With the Police
Penal Boundaries: Banishment and the Expansion of Punishment
We use this article to argue for greater recognition of legally imposed spatial exclusion—banishment—as a (re)emerging and consequential social control practice. Although the new social control techniques that entail banishment are buttressed by a blend of civil, administrative, and criminal law, they are best understood as punitive in nature. This argument is supported by two empirical findings. First, interviews with the banished indicate that …
Contemporary geographies of exclusion III: To assist or punish
Processes of inclusion and exclusion raise profound questions. As scholars of exclusion, we need to determine where to train our focus; as citizens, we need to determine whether and how exclusion is deleterious. When exclusion is pursued as a form of punishment, it is most readily open to question. This review of recent literature makes clear that scholarship on exclusion is robust, multifaceted, and necessary
From the South Side to Susanville: Tracing the Logics and Geographies of Contemporary Segregation
I use this commentary on Loïc Wacquant's Urban Outcasts to extend his analysis beyond cities to rural areas. In the United States in particular, the marginalization and punishment of the urban poor finds expression in a robust landscape of incarceration in small towns. Prisoners from cities become economic inputs for depressed rural places, and reform the local workplace in ways that deserve interrogation. In all of these transformations, the uni…
This is home for us: Questioning Banishment From the Ground Up
Banishment is an increasingly common tool for urban social control. In Seattle and other cities, new tools give the police stronger authority to create and enforce zones of exclusion. Deployed most commonly in neighborhoods populated by homeless people and members of other disadvantaged populations, banishment orders seek to coerce individuals to relocate. As an attempt to reduce crime and disorder, however, we suggest that banishment fails. We d…
Banished: The New Social Control In Urban America
With urban poverty rising and affordable housing disappearing, the homeless and other “disorderly” people continue to occupy public space in many American cities. Concerned about the alleged ill effects their presence inflicts on property values and public safety, many cities have wholeheartedly embraced “zero-tolerance” or “broken window” policing efforts to clear the streets of unwanted people. Through an almost completely unnoticed set of prac…
Contemporary geographies of exclusion II: Lessons from Iowa
Processes of exclusion both presuppose and reinforce boundaries. Yet the realities of globalization mean that such political and cultural boundaries are regularly and increasingly transgressed. Cross-border traffic is simultaneously encouraged and feared; migrants who are welcomed because of their labor are often shunned because of their difference. Because of the tensions generated by the inevitable co-mingling in everyday space between insiders…
Inclusion under the Law as Exclusion from the City: Negotiating the Spatial Limitation of Citizenship in Seattle
We use this paper to argue that the contemporary tendency of urban governments to exclude a host of 'undesirables' from the city-such as the homeless, teens of color, and prostitutes-must be seen as part of a broader process by which the law includes, weighs, and assesses all urban denizens. We use three case studies from Seattle to demonstrate how the law enacts a vision of urban form which reflects and spatially enforces core normative liberal …
Coercion, Territoriality, Legitimacy: The Police and the Modern State
Dealing with disorder: Social control in the post-industrial city
Over the past two decades, municipal governments across the United States have adopted novel social control techniques including off-limits orders, parks exclusion laws, and other applications of trespass law. These new tools are used to exclude the socially marginal from contested public spaces. These new social control techniques fuse criminal and civil legal authority and are touted as `alternatives' to arrest and incarceration. Ironically, th…
Contemporary geographies of exclusion I: Traversing Skid Road
Introduction—the Policing of Immigration
(2008). Introduction—the Policing of Immigration. Urban Geography: Vol. 29, Policing Immigration, pp. 1-3
Riding Along with Police
In the summer of 2008 I sent out a call to thirty former students from three semesters between 2000 and 2005, to reflect on what they learned from the “ride-alongs” with police, whether the project has changed their views on social order and the state, on the practice of law enforcement, and on the process of gathering knowledge about social life in general. Ten responded, and their ideas show that the experience of police ethnography had a consi…
For ethnography
Ethnography is an underused methodology in geography. This neglect is especially injurious to the discipline because ethnography provides unreplicable insight into the processes and meanings that sustain and motivate social groups. These processes and meanings vary across space, and are central to the construction and transformation of landscapes; they are both place-bound and place-making. Ethnography's potential contribution to geography is thu…
Police Subculture Reconsidered
Most comprehensive discussions of the police acknowledge the inability of legal and bureaucratic regulations to determine officer behavior. Attention is turned instead toward the informal norms developed within the police subculture. These discussions, however, tend to overstress the chasm between the formal and informal. They also provide inadequate tools for understanding differentiation, conflict, and change within police departments. I addres…
Dealing with disorder: Social control in the post-industrial city
Over the past two decades, municipal governments across the United States have adopted novel social control techniques including off-limits orders, parks exclusion laws, and other applications of trespass law. These new tools are used to exclude the socially marginal from contested public spaces. These new social control techniques fuse criminal and civil legal authority and are touted as `alternatives' to arrest and incarceration. Ironically, th…
Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City
The entrenchment of neoliberalism in the United States has coincided with an unprecedented expansion of punishment practices that intensify social divisions rooted in class and race. We explore the political culture of this hyperpunitiveness through a discussion of two popularized explanations for urban crime: broken windows and situational crime prevention. These popular criminological theories help legitimate the deepening of social and spatial…
Hard Charger' or 'Station Queen'? Policing and the Masculinist State
Gender dynamics are continually displayed in police departments. A prevailing masculinism favors an aggressive patrol style and emphasizes felony arrests. By contrast, the dominant reform model in policing, community policing, trumpets close and cooperative relations with citizens. Community policing is thus resisted by masculinist officers who would rather chase 'bad guys' than attend neighborhood meetings. The author illustrates these gendered …
Penal Boundaries: Banishment and the Expansion of Punishment
We use this article to argue for greater recognition of legally imposed spatial exclusion—banishment—as a (re)emerging and consequential social control practice. Although the new social control techniques that entail banishment are buttressed by a blend of civil, administrative, and criminal law, they are best understood as punitive in nature. This argument is supported by two empirical findings. First, interviews with the banished indicate that …
The Trapdoor of Community
The devolution of state authority is frequently cited as a central component of neoliberalism. Such devolution reduces the state's obligations for the welfare of its subject populations. “Community” is often invoked as a potential recipient of heightened obligations, in part because of widespread and warm associations with the term. Although much academic work tracks the logic of neoliberal projects, little interrogates the assessment of devoluti…
Policing the Contemporary City: Fixing Broken Windows or Shoring Up Neo-Liberalism
Two principal models exist for reforming contemporary police departments: community policing and broken windows (or order maintenance) policing. Although the two types of reforms share some commonalities, they differ markedly in the level of citizen oversight they envision. It is thereby significant that the two movements are frequently conflated. I offer here an explanation for why this conflation occurs, focusing on three critical areas: police…
Policing Social Marginality: Contrasting Approaches
Urban police officers concentrate much attention on individuals who experience various forms of inequality. Some police tactics that address the socially marginal garner public concern, especially when violence occurs. Solutions to such police-community tensions are elusive, in part because police cannot meaningfully reduce inequality. Yet there are better and worse ways to police the impoverished, and we use this article to contrast three genera…
Morality in Law Enforcement: Chasing "Bad Guys" with the Los Angeles Police Department
Police officers regularly construct their work in terms of a morality that is so pronounced that it must arise from unique aspects of their role in society. I draw on fieldwork conducted in a patrol division of the Los Angeles Police Department to develop an explanation for the prevalence of police morality. Three components of the police function create potent dilemmas that their morality helps ameliorate: the contradiction between the police's …
This is home for us: Questioning Banishment From the Ground Up
Banishment is an increasingly common tool for urban social control. In Seattle and other cities, new tools give the police stronger authority to create and enforce zones of exclusion. Deployed most commonly in neighborhoods populated by homeless people and members of other disadvantaged populations, banishment orders seek to coerce individuals to relocate. As an attempt to reduce crime and disorder, however, we suggest that banishment fails. We d…
The Normative Ordering of Police Territoriality: Making and Marking Space with the Los Angeles Police Department
The power of police officers to shape social action depends fundamentally on their capacity to control space. Without effective territorial strategies, police officers would be unable to create order in the majority of incidents they handle. This paper draws upon fieldwork in one patrol division of the Los Angeles Police Department to illustrate the significance of territoriality to police efforts at social control. The fieldwork illuminates the …
The geopolitics of the police: Foucault, disciplinary power and the tactics of the Los Angeles Police Department
Tangled up in blue: Conflicting paths to police legitimacy
Police departments struggle to legitimate themselves to the publics they serve. This challenge is fundamentally related to different possible articulations of the relation between society and state. Three key articulations are critical to the relationship between the police and the citizenry, what I term subservience, separation and generativity. I explore each of these, and illustrate their presence in everyday police practice, drawing upon qual…
Contemporary geographies of exclusion I: Traversing Skid Road
The "Battle of Seattle" revisited: Or, seven views of a protest-zoning state
Degradation or Redemption? A Parole Board Polices a Moral Boundary
Parole boards possess the notable power to grant release from prison, oftentimes well short of an incarcerated person’s legally allowable length of sentence. Although the exercise of that power is, at least in part, governed by law, extralegal considerations likely play an influential part in decisions to grant release. Indeed, the analysis offered here of parole board hearings in Washington State reveals, in particular, the work that board membe…
Contemporary geographies of exclusion II: Lessons from Iowa
Processes of exclusion both presuppose and reinforce boundaries. Yet the realities of globalization mean that such political and cultural boundaries are regularly and increasingly transgressed. Cross-border traffic is simultaneously encouraged and feared; migrants who are welcomed because of their labor are often shunned because of their difference. Because of the tensions generated by the inevitable co-mingling in everyday space between insiders…
Inclusion under the Law as Exclusion from the City: Negotiating the Spatial Limitation of Citizenship in Seattle
We use this paper to argue that the contemporary tendency of urban governments to exclude a host of 'undesirables' from the city-such as the homeless, teens of color, and prostitutes-must be seen as part of a broader process by which the law includes, weighs, and assesses all urban denizens. We use three case studies from Seattle to demonstrate how the law enacts a vision of urban form which reflects and spatially enforces core normative liberal …
The end of the territorially-sovereign state? The case of crime control in the United States
Contemporary geographies of exclusion III: To assist or punish
Processes of inclusion and exclusion raise profound questions. As scholars of exclusion, we need to determine where to train our focus; as citizens, we need to determine whether and how exclusion is deleterious. When exclusion is pursued as a form of punishment, it is most readily open to question. This review of recent literature makes clear that scholarship on exclusion is robust, multifaceted, and necessary
Policing Los Angeles: Race, Resistance, and the Rise of the Lapd
The Regulation of Environmental Space
The need to regulate environmental problems is of ever-increasing urgency. Yet the complexity of environmental dynamics challenges any regulatory scheme. We use this essay to describe and assess some of these challenges. We deploy the terms scope and scale as analytic tools in this effort. We define and elaborate on these terms and then use them to analyze three especially critical dilemmas in environmental regulation: the fit between environment…
The Trials of Laurence Powell: Law, Space, and a 'Big Time Use of Force
This paper is intended as a contribution to a growing literature concerned with showing the importance of conceptions of space in interpretive legal struggles. The focus of the paper is on jury trials, where lawyers engage in an open contest to develop the most convincing narrative. It is suggested here that the geographic context of these narratives can help determine their plausibility. The author also argues for the necessity to recognize the …
Inside or outside? Expanding the narratives about life-sentenced prisoners
The number of life-sentenced prisoners in the United States is growing, an increase that deserves ongoing critical consideration. Such consideration is heightened by the fact that many lifers undergo significant personal transformations during their incarceration. This paper uses interviews with 21 life-sentenced prisoners in the state of Washington to document the degree of such transformations. These transformations create compelling questions …
Crime, Policing and Place: Essays in Environmental Criminology . David Evans, David Herbert and Nicholas Fyfe, eds.; The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History. Volume …
Venue V. Vicinage: The Siting of Trials and the Pursuit of Justice
The Trials of Laurence Powell: Law, Space, and a 'Big Time Use of Force
This paper is intended as a contribution to a growing literature concerned with showing the importance of conceptions of space in interpretive legal struggles. The focus of the paper is on jury trials, where lawyers engage in an open contest to develop the most convincing narrative. It is suggested here that the geographic context of these narratives can help determine their plausibility. The author also argues for the necessity to recognize the …
Policing Space: Territoriality and the Los Angeles Police Department
The Normative Ordering of Police Territoriality: Making and Marking Space with the Los Angeles Police Department
The power of police officers to shape social action depends fundamentally on their capacity to control space. Without effective territorial strategies, police officers would be unable to create order in the majority of incidents they handle. This paper draws upon fieldwork in one patrol division of the Los Angeles Police Department to illustrate the significance of territoriality to police efforts at social control. The fieldwork illuminates the …
The geopolitics of the police: Foucault, disciplinary power and the tactics of the Los Angeles Police Department
Morality in Law Enforcement: Chasing "Bad Guys" with the Los Angeles Police Department
Police officers regularly construct their work in terms of a morality that is so pronounced that it must arise from unique aspects of their role in society. I draw on fieldwork conducted in a patrol division of the Los Angeles Police Department to develop an explanation for the prevalence of police morality. Three components of the police function create potent dilemmas that their morality helps ameliorate: the contradiction between the police's …
On Prolonging the Conversation: Some Correctives and Continuances
Police Subculture Reconsidered
Most comprehensive discussions of the police acknowledge the inability of legal and bureaucratic regulations to determine officer behavior. Attention is turned instead toward the informal norms developed within the police subculture. These discussions, however, tend to overstress the chasm between the formal and informal. They also provide inadequate tools for understanding differentiation, conflict, and change within police departments. I addres…
The end of the territorially-sovereign state? The case of crime control in the United States
Reassessing Police and Police Studies
For ethnography
Ethnography is an underused methodology in geography. This neglect is especially injurious to the discipline because ethnography provides unreplicable insight into the processes and meanings that sustain and motivate social groups. These processes and meanings vary across space, and are central to the construction and transformation of landscapes; they are both place-bound and place-making. Ethnography's potential contribution to geography is thu…
Policing the Contemporary City: Fixing Broken Windows or Shoring Up Neo-Liberalism
Two principal models exist for reforming contemporary police departments: community policing and broken windows (or order maintenance) policing. Although the two types of reforms share some commonalities, they differ markedly in the level of citizen oversight they envision. It is thereby significant that the two movements are frequently conflated. I offer here an explanation for why this conflation occurs, focusing on three critical areas: police…
Hard Charger' or 'Station Queen'? Policing and the Masculinist State
Gender dynamics are continually displayed in police departments. A prevailing masculinism favors an aggressive patrol style and emphasizes felony arrests. By contrast, the dominant reform model in policing, community policing, trumpets close and cooperative relations with citizens. Community policing is thus resisted by masculinist officers who would rather chase 'bad guys' than attend neighborhood meetings. The author illustrates these gendered …
Introduction: Opening the Gate to Gatekeeper
Pop in San Diego: A Not-So-Local Story
The Trapdoor of Community
The devolution of state authority is frequently cited as a central component of neoliberalism. Such devolution reduces the state's obligations for the welfare of its subject populations. “Community” is often invoked as a potential recipient of heightened obligations, in part because of widespread and warm associations with the term. Although much academic work tracks the logic of neoliberal projects, little interrogates the assessment of devoluti…
Citizens, Cops, and Power: Recognizing the Limits of Community
Tangled up in blue: Conflicting paths to police legitimacy
Police departments struggle to legitimate themselves to the publics they serve. This challenge is fundamentally related to different possible articulations of the relation between society and state. Three key articulations are critical to the relationship between the police and the citizenry, what I term subservience, separation and generativity. I explore each of these, and illustrate their presence in everyday police practice, drawing upon qual…
Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City
The entrenchment of neoliberalism in the United States has coincided with an unprecedented expansion of punishment practices that intensify social divisions rooted in class and race. We explore the political culture of this hyperpunitiveness through a discussion of two popularized explanations for urban crime: broken windows and situational crime prevention. These popular criminological theories help legitimate the deepening of social and spatial…
Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California by Ruth Wilson Gilmore
Key Words: Californiapolitical economyprisons Additional informationNotes on contributorsSteve HerbertReviewed by
The "Battle of Seattle" revisited: Or, seven views of a protest-zoning state
Back and forth
Coercion, Territoriality, Legitimacy: The Police and the Modern State
Dealing with disorder: Social control in the post-industrial city
Over the past two decades, municipal governments across the United States have adopted novel social control techniques including off-limits orders, parks exclusion laws, and other applications of trespass law. These new tools are used to exclude the socially marginal from contested public spaces. These new social control techniques fuse criminal and civil legal authority and are touted as `alternatives' to arrest and incarceration. Ironically, th…
Sociology (40 works) · Political science (39 works) · Law (33 works) · Criminology (29 works) · Law (21 works) · Politics (18 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (13 works) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (13 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Computer Science (10 works)