Richard M Smith
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3687625 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Richard M Smith |
| NOMBRES | Richard M |
| APELLIDO | Smith |
| FIRMA | SMITH R M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1098-3613 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 117 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1927 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The Semiotics of Solidarity
This paper examines reinterpretations of solidarity with Latin America through a student-led project at the University of Leeds. The project, ‘Thinking Inside the Box: 1973’ (hereafter, TITB), was a collaboration between the University of London – specifically, King’s College London, Queen Mary University of London, and the London School of Economics – and the Universities of Leeds and Liverpool in 2023. The broader framework of TITB seeks to gen…
Dearth and Local Political Responses
A Caring County? Social Welfare in Hertfordshire from 1600
No longer is the history of welfare dominated, as it once was, by histories of legislation and administration. Recipients of welfare in their local and familial contexts now attract much attention
Convergence or divergence? Mortality in London, its suburbs and its hinterland between 1550 and 1700
Cet article compare les caractéristiques de la mortalité des Londoniens à l’époque moderne selon qu’ils vivent dans la banlieue, le centre-ville de Londres, ou au-delà, dans la partie essentiellement rurale du Middlesex qui entoure la métropole, le long de la Tamise. Entre 1550 et 1750, Londres a cru au point de devenir le plus grand centre urbain d’Europe, mais la ville n’a été en mesure de le faire que grâce à l’apport de la migration, puisqu’a…
Handel's Israelite Oratorio Libretti
Libretti exist at the interface of authorship, musical composition, performance, dramatic practice, intellectual contexts, audience reception, and national trends, so there can be plenty to say about them. Given that scrutinizing them in isolation from their music is still often considered unworthwhile, it’s gratifying to see Oxford University Press publishing a monograph on Handel’s oratorio libretti. Deborah Rooke (an Old Testament scholar), ho…
Kinship in Britain and beyond from the early modern to the present
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Bricks and Mortar
Diets in Transition
Medieval Society and the Manor Court
Journal Article Medieval Society and the Manor Court Get access Razi Zvi Smith Richard M., eds., Medieval Society and the Manor Court. New York: Clarendon Press, 1966. xiii, 709 pp. $130.00. Edwin R. Dewindt Edwin R. Dewindt University of Detroit Mercy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 42, Issue 1, January 1998, Pages 90–95, https://doi.org/10.2307/846024 Published: …
A Comparison of the Rasch Separate Calibration and between-Fit Methods of Detecting Item Bias
The objective of this study is to compare two methods of detecting item bias within the framework of Rasch measurement. To accomplish this objective, it was first necessary to arrive at a clear understanding of the definition of bias as commonly used with Rasch measurement models. The comparison between the two methods was based on the Type I error rates in data that contain no bias and the power of the statistics to detect item bias when bias is…
A Comparison of the Power of Rasch Total and Between-Item Fit Statistics to Detect Measurement Disturbances
This study investigates the properties of the total and between fit statistics commonly used in Rasch model calibration and analysis programs to assess the fit of items to various Rasch models. There are two aspects of the study: an examination of the distributional properties of the item between fit statistics when the data fit the dichotomous model and a comparison of the power of the item between and total fit statistics to detect various type…
Detecting Item Bias in the Rasch Rating Scale Model
This study employs simulated data to assess the appropriateness of using the separate calibration and between fit approaches to detecting item bias in the Rasch rating scale model. The development of these methods in the dichotomous Rasch model is discussed to delineate these methods from those often used in the true-score model or in multi-item parameter latent trait models. The results indicate that the Type I error rates for the null distribut…
Medicine and Charity before the Welfare State
A Comparison of two Methods of Test Equating in the Rasch Model
Two approaches to equating, the common item equating method (weighted and unweighted) and the one-step, missing data calibration method, used with Rasch (1960/1980) measurement models are compared. The data used in the analysis were taken from six equivalent forms of a perceptual ability test administered as part of the Dental Admission Test. Simulated data patterned after the observed item difficulties were also analyzed to form a frame of refer…
The Distributional Properties of Rasch Item Fit Statistics
This study reports the results of an empirical investigation of the distributional properties of the item fit statistics that are commonly used in Rasch model calibration programs as indices of the fit of the responses to individual items to the measurement model. There are two aspects of this study: an investigation of the distributional properties of the item fit statistics when the data fit the model, and the power of the item fit statistics t…
Monogamy, landed property and demographic regimes in pre-industrial Europe
In any consideration of possible relationships between monogamous marriage, resource exploitation and fertility in the European past, generalizations are hard to make with confidence. However, Europe provides an interesting milieu within which to review certain issues to do with these inter-connections because it is the continent which supposedly fostered the emergence of a marital regime that is believed to have been highly distinctive, perhaps …
Pre-industrial Economic Growth
Journal Article Pre-industrial Economic Growth: Social Organization and Technological Progress in Europe Get access Pre-industrial Economic Growth: Social Organization and Technological Progress in Europe. By KARL GUNNAR PERSSON. (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988. Pp. viii + 159. £25.00 hardback. ISBN 0631 14963 5.) Richard M. Smith Richard M. Smith All Souls College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goog…
The Distributional Properties of Rasch Standardized Residuals
This study was concerned with an investigation of the distributional properties of the standardized residual that is commonly used in Rasch model calibration programs to develop various indices of item and person fit. There were two aspects of this study: (a) an investigation of the distributional properties of the standardized residuals when the data fit the model and (b) the power of the standardized residual to detect measurement disturbances.…
The World We Have Gained
Land, Kinship and Life-Cycle
The World We Have Gained
This collection of 15 studies by various authors concerns aspects of historical demography associated with the work of Peter Laslett. The essays range back in time as far as the fourteenth century and span topics as diverse but demonstrably interconnected as internal migration family structure and employment marriage and widowhood inheritance and remarriage the determinants of marital fertility maternal mortality and illegitimacy. Data sources in…
Person Fit in the Rasch Model
The idea of whether a person's response pattern is "believable" given his estimated ability is one of the central issues in measurement. This article traces the development of this idea from Thurstone to Rasch. It also presents the rationale behind the development of person analysis in the Rasch model. Finally, it presents data based on simulated response patterns which provide insight into the power and Type I error rates of the Rasch unweighted…
Women's Property Rights Under Customary Law
MEDIEVAL England fell into that broader Eurasian region within which property from conjugal estates devolved on both men and women, either by inheritance or by certain mechanisms of pre mortem endowment. Although males were generally preferred heirs, demographic realities ensured that women would be found in a sizeable minority of instances as residual heirs. Given likely conditions of mortality and fertility, a wife would often have needed to be…
Land, Kinship, and Life-Cycle
Land, Kinship and Life Cycle
Fertility, Economy, and Household Formation in England over Three Centuries
This paper using pretransitional England as a case-study assesses long term trends in family organization and associated fertility in a society in which parity-dependent fertility control was for the most part absent. It also considers the means by which institutions especially those to do with labor organizations and family welfare mediated between trends in real incomes and completed family sizes. The study concludes that the distinctiveness of…
The People of Tuscany and Their Families in the Fifteenth Century
The author reviews the findings presented by Herlihy and Klapisch-Zuber in their analysis of trends in the incidence of and age at marriage in fifteenth-century Tuscany. The validity of their findings is evaluated by a comparison of Tuscan marriage patterns with those of morthern and northwestern Europe from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century (ANNOTATION)
Kin and Neighbors in a Thirteenth-Century Suffolk Community
Legal Windows Onto Historical Populations’? Recent Research on Demography and the Manor Court in Medieval England
The stategic role played by population movement, and its interaction with agrarian environment, in current theories of medieval economic development stands in sharp contrast to the relatively sparse direct evidence that can be marshalled to elucidate demographic change in medieval England. Indeed, work done to date has relied largely upon indirect indicators such as rents, prices, and wages or landscape changes associated with processess of recla…
Some Thoughts on ‘Hereditary’ and ‘Proprietary’ Rights in Land under Customary Law in Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Century England
A recent polemical essay by Alan Macfarlane constructed a picture of the social structure of medieval rural England premised on the notion that there was little difference in the nature of family attachment to land between freeholders and those who held their property ‘according to the customs of the manor.’ This essay has received severe criticism from R. H. Hilton, who argues that it ‘ignores the implications of the considerable predominance in…
Diets in Transition
The Structured Dependence of the Elderly as a Recent Development
There has recently emerged in the writings of those who have adopted an overtly ‘radical’ approach to social work and the welfare state, a coherent interpretation of how the status of older persons is lowered in the course of the development of industrial capitalism. The focus in these recent writings is on the social creation of dependent status and the structural determinants of the competitive relationship between elderly individuals and young…
Some Reflections on the Evidence for the Origins of the 'European Marriage Pattern' in England
The author examines the evidence for a transition from early marriage and high proportions marrying in medieval England to the European marriage pattern of late marriage for both sexes and relatively low proportions marrying. The social and economic background is discussed and comparisons with other countries are included (ANNOTATION)
Shades Still on the Window’
English manorial-court documentation, in many respects unique among European countries for its information pertaining to the bulk of rural dwellers in the middle ages, has long provided the most voluminous evidence for studying many aspects of medieval society. We have no doubt that it will continue to do so; yet, as the metaphorical title of our original essay was intended to convey, the ‘window’ through which we may view this society has finite…
The rise of the western world
Hypothèses sur la nuptialité en Angleterre aux XIIIe-XIVesiècles
Le médiéviste qui examine la nuptialité en Angleterre au début des Temps modernes découvre un phénomène culturel spécifique, qu'on retrouve rarement dans un contexte plus large. Rien n'oppose autant la société anglaise ou celle de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest aux autres sociétés traditionnelles que le régime matrimonial. Après la puberté, les femmes, dans presque toutes les sociétés traditionnelles, sont épouses ou veuves. Il n'en va pas de même en Ang…
Encouraging Counselor Trainee Affective Group Behavior by Social Modeling
Can the planned social modeling of affective, group-focused, personal responses significantly increase such group behaviors in counselor trainees? In the study reported here 32 counselor trainees were randomly assigned to four practicum discussion groups: two video social model groups, one video lecture group, and one discussion group (eight in each group). Pre- and post-response frequencies were analyzed from audiotapes of the counseling groups …
A Caring County? Social Welfare in Hertfordshire from 1600
No longer is the history of welfare dominated, as it once was, by histories of legislation and administration. Recipients of welfare in their local and familial contexts now attract much attention
Bricks and Mortar
Women's Property Rights Under Customary Law
MEDIEVAL England fell into that broader Eurasian region within which property from conjugal estates devolved on both men and women, either by inheritance or by certain mechanisms of pre mortem endowment. Although males were generally preferred heirs, demographic realities ensured that women would be found in a sizeable minority of instances as residual heirs. Given likely conditions of mortality and fertility, a wife would often have needed to be…
Land, Kinship and Life Cycle
Poverty, Nutrition, and Growth
Postgraduate Study in Child Hygiene in the United States and Canada
Postgraduate Study in Child Hygiene in the United States and Canada Richard M. Smith CopyRight*Read before the Child Hygiene Section of the American Public Health Association at the Sixtieth Annual Meeting at Montreal, Canada, September 17, 1931. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.22.7.715 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Encouraging Counselor Trainee Affective Group Behavior by Social Modeling
Can the planned social modeling of affective, group-focused, personal responses significantly increase such group behaviors in counselor trainees? In the study reported here 32 counselor trainees were randomly assigned to four practicum discussion groups: two video social model groups, one video lecture group, and one discussion group (eight in each group). Pre- and post-response frequencies were analyzed from audiotapes of the counseling groups …
The early growth of the European economy
The rise of the western world
The economy of Europe in an age of crisis, 1600–1750
Kin and Neighbors in a Thirteenth-Century Suffolk Community
Some Reflections on the Evidence for the Origins of the 'European Marriage Pattern' in England
The author examines the evidence for a transition from early marriage and high proportions marrying in medieval England to the European marriage pattern of late marriage for both sexes and relatively low proportions marrying. The social and economic background is discussed and comparisons with other countries are included (ANNOTATION)
The People of Tuscany and Their Families in the Fifteenth Century
The author reviews the findings presented by Herlihy and Klapisch-Zuber in their analysis of trends in the incidence of and age at marriage in fifteenth-century Tuscany. The validity of their findings is evaluated by a comparison of Tuscan marriage patterns with those of morthern and northwestern Europe from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century (ANNOTATION)
Fertility, Economy, and Household Formation in England over Three Centuries
This paper using pretransitional England as a case-study assesses long term trends in family organization and associated fertility in a society in which parity-dependent fertility control was for the most part absent. It also considers the means by which institutions especially those to do with labor organizations and family welfare mediated between trends in real incomes and completed family sizes. The study concludes that the distinctiveness of…
Bastardy and Its Comparative History
Bastardy and Its Comparative History
Some Thoughts on ‘Hereditary’ and ‘Proprietary’ Rights in Land under Customary Law in Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Century England
A recent polemical essay by Alan Macfarlane constructed a picture of the social structure of medieval rural England premised on the notion that there was little difference in the nature of family attachment to land between freeholders and those who held their property ‘according to the customs of the manor.’ This essay has received severe criticism from R. H. Hilton, who argues that it ‘ignores the implications of the considerable predominance in…
On Putting the Child Before the Marriage
Smiths reply to an article by Birdsall on fertility and economic change in eighteenth and nineteenth century Europe refutes many of Birdsalls arguments. Smiths original argument was misunderstood. Birdsall appears to apply a theory of fertility change based on an economic interpretation of perceived costs and advantages of children in the household. This approach is not novel. It derives from a theory of fertility transition concerned with the ch…
Hypothèses sur la nuptialité en Angleterre aux XIIIe-XIVesiècles
Le médiéviste qui examine la nuptialité en Angleterre au début des Temps modernes découvre un phénomène culturel spécifique, qu'on retrouve rarement dans un contexte plus large. Rien n'oppose autant la société anglaise ou celle de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest aux autres sociétés traditionnelles que le régime matrimonial. Après la puberté, les femmes, dans presque toutes les sociétés traditionnelles, sont épouses ou veuves. Il n'en va pas de même en Ang…
Legal Windows Onto Historical Populations’? Recent Research on Demography and the Manor Court in Medieval England
The stategic role played by population movement, and its interaction with agrarian environment, in current theories of medieval economic development stands in sharp contrast to the relatively sparse direct evidence that can be marshalled to elucidate demographic change in medieval England. Indeed, work done to date has relied largely upon indirect indicators such as rents, prices, and wages or landscape changes associated with processess of recla…
The Structured Dependence of the Elderly as a Recent Development
There has recently emerged in the writings of those who have adopted an overtly ‘radical’ approach to social work and the welfare state, a coherent interpretation of how the status of older persons is lowered in the course of the development of industrial capitalism. The focus in these recent writings is on the social creation of dependent status and the structural determinants of the competitive relationship between elderly individuals and young…
A Comparison of Rasch Person Analysis and Robust Estimators
Measurement disturbances, e.g., guessing, startup, plodding, etc., often result in an examinee's ability being either over- or underestimated by the maximum likelihood estimation employed in latent trait psychometric models. Several authors have suggested methods to lessen the impact of unexpected responses on the ability estimation process. This study uses simulated data to compare the standard maximum likelihood estimation with two forms of rob…
Shades Still on the Window’
English manorial-court documentation, in many respects unique among European countries for its information pertaining to the bulk of rural dwellers in the middle ages, has long provided the most voluminous evidence for studying many aspects of medieval society. We have no doubt that it will continue to do so; yet, as the metaphorical title of our original essay was intended to convey, the ‘window’ through which we may view this society has finite…
Land, Kinship and Life-Cycle
Person Fit in the Rasch Model
The idea of whether a person's response pattern is "believable" given his estimated ability is one of the central issues in measurement. This article traces the development of this idea from Thurstone to Rasch. It also presents the rationale behind the development of person analysis in the Rasch model. Finally, it presents data based on simulated response patterns which provide insight into the power and Type I error rates of the Rasch unweighted…
Women's Property Rights Under Customary Law
MEDIEVAL England fell into that broader Eurasian region within which property from conjugal estates devolved on both men and women, either by inheritance or by certain mechanisms of pre mortem endowment. Although males were generally preferred heirs, demographic realities ensured that women would be found in a sizeable minority of instances as residual heirs. Given likely conditions of mortality and fertility, a wife would often have needed to be…
Land, Kinship, and Life-Cycle
Land, Kinship and Life Cycle
The World We Have Gained
Sociology (23 obras) · History (19 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Geography (16 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (16 obras) · History (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras) · Law (9 obras) · Statistics (9 obras) · Demography (8 obras)