Julius Ruiz
Biographic Data
| ID | 3692366 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Julius Ruiz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Julius |
| FAMILY NAME | Ruiz |
| SIGNATURE | RUÍZ J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0015-0845 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 20 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Freedom, Faith & Sovereignty
The Centre Cannot Hold
Fraude y violencia en las elecciones del Frente Popular, by Manuel Álvarez Tardío and Roberto Villa García
The February 1936 parliamentary elections in Spain were the most important national vote in that country’s twentieth-century history. It would prove to be the last Spanish democratic election until June 1977. For the nearly forty years of the Franco regime, apologists for the military rebellion of July 1936 denied that the leftist Popular Front had emerged victorious at the polls. In early 1939, a Nationalist special commission ruled that the rig…
Notices of Periodicals and Occasional Publications mainly from 2017
in response and riposte to Constantine's reshaped Christianity.Journal of Ecclesiastical History, lxviii The origins of the Vandals' reputation as persecutors of Catholicism in North Africa and Spain in the fifth century is convincingly reassessed by E. Fournier.Their conquest of Africa was initially understood as normal warfare, without religious motivation.Tentative suggestions by Augustine which provided a way to interpret the devastation in t…
S tanley G. P ayne . Alcalá Zamora and the Failure of the Spanish Republic, 1931–1936
Political biography is firmly back in fashion in Spain. Historians have largely abandoned the rigid Marxist schemas of their forebears in their attempts to explain the tumultuous political events of the 1930s. Individuals matter. There are major biographies of most of the major political figures of the Second Republic, including Santos Juliá’s life of Republican premier and second president Manuel Azaña (Vida y tiempo de Manuel Azaña [2008]), Jul…
Hitler’s Shadow Empire
During the Spanish Civil War, many antifascists were convinced that the military rebellion of July 1936 was the nefarious work of the Nazis. As Orwell memorably put it in Homage to Catalonia, he went to Barcelona in December 1936 having accepted ‘the News Chronicle–New Statesman version of the war as the defence of civilisation against a maniacal outbreak by an army of Colonel Blimps in the pay of Hitler’. In reality, members of the Nazi elite th…
Do not panic
The English rock band, Hawkwind, was amongst the founders of the genre known as “space rock”. From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, their work also included references to Cold War issues. An examination of their concert appearances, musical output and printed matter reveals that relevant material often reflected the “imagination of disaster” made famous in an essay by Susan Sontag. As well, there are correlations between the waxing and waning …
Penetrating global consciousness
War chariots and armoured beasts of war played a major role in wars and influenced the outcomes of battles. The industrial era and age of total war saw new transmutations of this tool of war. When the first tanks rolled out at the battle of the Somme in September 1916, and a year later, an entire tank corps at Cambrai, a mobile tool of war was born that would weave itself deeply into battle space and global social consciousness, in fact humanity …
“The theatre with the most meagre audience”
How the First World War is envisaged and commemorated in Australia has been the subject of many studies, which focus on the European war. Seemingly forgotten is the occupation of New Guinea, which has received recent interest as Australia’s first war action. This article analyses the first transient war memorials, namely the exhibiting of war trophies in local shop windows. The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Forces brought home and s…
New liberalism, new language? The use of collectivist concepts in the budget speeches of 1893–95 and 1906–14
The article considers the Budget Speeches of Asquith and Lloyd George during the period of the Liberal social reforms of 1906–14. It examines how these Budget speeches conceptualised the debate surrounding these reforms and discusses the extent to which this conceptualisation can be seen as reflecting the discursive character of a New Liberalism. The focus is on key collectivist concepts—“the state”, “the community”, “the people” and “the nation”…
The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War
This book deals with one of most controversial issues of the Spanish Civil War (1936–9): the 'Red Terror'. Approximately 50,000 Spaniards were extrajudicially executed in Republican Spain following the failure of the military rebellion in July 1936. This mass killing of 'fascists' seriously undermined attempts by the legally constituted Republican government to present itself in foreign quarters as fighting a war for democracy. This study, based …
The Red Terror and the Spanish Civil War
The Life and Death of the Spanish Republic
The last decade has witnessed the welcome republication of classic contemporary accounts of the Spanish Civil War. Apart from Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia, interested readers can now easily purchase copies of Franz Borkenau’s The Spanish Cockpit, a 1937 study of the changing fortunes of the revolution in Republican Spain, and George Steer’s The Tree of Gernika, the Times correspondent’s 1938 account of the war in the Basque Country. Henry Buckley…
Unearthing Franco's Legacy
The recent furore over Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón’s failed attempts to indict Franco and thirty-four of his closest associates for crimes against humanity shows the extent to which the brutal Francoist repression and its legacy have become fiercely contested issues in Spain. Garzón’s investigation was initiated on the request of Recovery of Historical Memory associations that have emerged in the last decade to demand justice for Franco’s …
Fighting the International Conspiracy
This article examines the persecution of Spanish Freemasonry under the Franco regime (1936–75). It emphasises the significance of the Francoist conviction that a ‘Judeo-Masonic-Communist’ conspiracy not only made the Civil War ‘inevitable’ but also continued to threaten Spain after final victory in 1939. Thus in March 1940, Franco felt compelled to create a special repressive framework to fight Freemasonry in the ‘Law for the repression of Freema…
Work and Don't Lose Hope’
This article examines the use of forced labour in Republican Spain during the civil war. Although much has recently been written on Francoist camps, very little research has been undertaken on their Republican counterparts. As a consequence the significance of Republican camps has not been recognised. Although some historians argue that the Republicans used forced labour only in a desperate attempt to avoid military defeat, this article demonstra…
Seventy Years On
The issue of repression remains one of the most controversial issues arising from the Spanish Civil War and General Franco's unconditional victory in 1939. This article discusses the (mainly Spanish) historiography of both Francoist and Republican political violence, and questions the widely held belief that a `pact of forgetfulness' characterized Spanish historians' treatment of the subject following the death of Franco in November 1975. It argu…
If You Tolerate This
Journal Article ‘If You Tolerate This...’: The Spanish Civil War in the Age of Total War Get access ‘If You Tolerate This...’: The Spanish Civil War in the Age of Total War, ed. Martin Baumeister and Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 2009; pp. 300. £36). J. Ruiz J. Ruiz University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXIV, Issue 511, …
Spain Transformed
The publication of a book in English detailing recent trends of research on the last years of Francoist Spain is well overdue. Between 1959 and 1975 Spain became a modern industrial nation. As two of the contributors to this excellent volume, Pablo Martín Aceña and Elena Martínez have written, ‘Spain stepped into the First World and joined the exclusive club of those countries with a p.a. income of $2000 or more’ (p. 34). Yet this is the first co…
Defending the Republic
During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–39, an estimated 50,000 executions took place in the Republican zone. Of these, around 9000 were killed in the Spanish capital. Explanations of Republican violence still tend to assume that it was the work of ‘uncontrollables’ and frequently cite Agapito García Atadell as an example. Atadell led a brigade of 48 men that spread terror in Madrid during the summer of 1936 before he attempted to escape for Cuba th…
Franco's Justice
Madrid became one of the key symbols of Republican resistance to General Franco during the Spanish Civil War following the Nationalists' failure to take the city in the winter of 1936-7. Yet despite the defiant cries of 'No pasarán', they did eventually pass on 28 March 1939. This book examines the consequences in Madrid of Franco's unconditional victory in the Spanish Civil War. Using recently available archival material, this book shows how the…
A Spanish Genocide? Reflections on the Francoist Repression after the Spanish Civil War
This article considers whether the Franco regime pursued a genocidal policy against Republicans after the formal ending of hostilities on 1 April 1939. In post-war Spain, the primary mechanism for punishing Republicans was military tribunals. Francoist military justice was based on the assumption that responsibility for the civil war lay with the Republic: defendants were tried for the crime of ‘military rebellion’. This was, as Ramón Serrano Suñ…
Seventy Years On
The issue of repression remains one of the most controversial issues arising from the Spanish Civil War and General Franco's unconditional victory in 1939. This article discusses the (mainly Spanish) historiography of both Francoist and Republican political violence, and questions the widely held belief that a `pact of forgetfulness' characterized Spanish historians' treatment of the subject following the death of Franco in November 1975. It argu…
Spain Transformed
The publication of a book in English detailing recent trends of research on the last years of Francoist Spain is well overdue. Between 1959 and 1975 Spain became a modern industrial nation. As two of the contributors to this excellent volume, Pablo Martín Aceña and Elena Martínez have written, ‘Spain stepped into the First World and joined the exclusive club of those countries with a p.a. income of $2000 or more’ (p. 34). Yet this is the first co…
A Spanish Genocide? Reflections on the Francoist Repression after the Spanish Civil War
This article considers whether the Franco regime pursued a genocidal policy against Republicans after the formal ending of hostilities on 1 April 1939. In post-war Spain, the primary mechanism for punishing Republicans was military tribunals. Francoist military justice was based on the assumption that responsibility for the civil war lay with the Republic: defendants were tried for the crime of ‘military rebellion’. This was, as Ramón Serrano Suñ…
Work and Don't Lose Hope’
This article examines the use of forced labour in Republican Spain during the civil war. Although much has recently been written on Francoist camps, very little research has been undertaken on their Republican counterparts. As a consequence the significance of Republican camps has not been recognised. Although some historians argue that the Republicans used forced labour only in a desperate attempt to avoid military defeat, this article demonstra…
Freedom, Faith & Sovereignty
If You Tolerate This
Journal Article ‘If You Tolerate This...’: The Spanish Civil War in the Age of Total War Get access ‘If You Tolerate This...’: The Spanish Civil War in the Age of Total War, ed. Martin Baumeister and Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 2009; pp. 300. £36). J. Ruiz J. Ruiz University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXIV, Issue 511, …
Franco's Justice
Madrid became one of the key symbols of Republican resistance to General Franco during the Spanish Civil War following the Nationalists' failure to take the city in the winter of 1936-7. Yet despite the defiant cries of 'No pasarán', they did eventually pass on 28 March 1939. This book examines the consequences in Madrid of Franco's unconditional victory in the Spanish Civil War. Using recently available archival material, this book shows how the…
A Spanish Genocide? Reflections on the Francoist Repression after the Spanish Civil War
This article considers whether the Franco regime pursued a genocidal policy against Republicans after the formal ending of hostilities on 1 April 1939. In post-war Spain, the primary mechanism for punishing Republicans was military tribunals. Francoist military justice was based on the assumption that responsibility for the civil war lay with the Republic: defendants were tried for the crime of ‘military rebellion’. This was, as Ramón Serrano Suñ…
Defending the Republic
During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–39, an estimated 50,000 executions took place in the Republican zone. Of these, around 9000 were killed in the Spanish capital. Explanations of Republican violence still tend to assume that it was the work of ‘uncontrollables’ and frequently cite Agapito García Atadell as an example. Atadell led a brigade of 48 men that spread terror in Madrid during the summer of 1936 before he attempted to escape for Cuba th…
Spain Transformed
The publication of a book in English detailing recent trends of research on the last years of Francoist Spain is well overdue. Between 1959 and 1975 Spain became a modern industrial nation. As two of the contributors to this excellent volume, Pablo Martín Aceña and Elena Martínez have written, ‘Spain stepped into the First World and joined the exclusive club of those countries with a p.a. income of $2000 or more’ (p. 34). Yet this is the first co…
Work and Don't Lose Hope’
This article examines the use of forced labour in Republican Spain during the civil war. Although much has recently been written on Francoist camps, very little research has been undertaken on their Republican counterparts. As a consequence the significance of Republican camps has not been recognised. Although some historians argue that the Republicans used forced labour only in a desperate attempt to avoid military defeat, this article demonstra…
Seventy Years On
The issue of repression remains one of the most controversial issues arising from the Spanish Civil War and General Franco's unconditional victory in 1939. This article discusses the (mainly Spanish) historiography of both Francoist and Republican political violence, and questions the widely held belief that a `pact of forgetfulness' characterized Spanish historians' treatment of the subject following the death of Franco in November 1975. It argu…
If You Tolerate This
Journal Article ‘If You Tolerate This...’: The Spanish Civil War in the Age of Total War Get access ‘If You Tolerate This...’: The Spanish Civil War in the Age of Total War, ed. Martin Baumeister and Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 2009; pp. 300. £36). J. Ruiz J. Ruiz University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXIV, Issue 511, …
Fighting the International Conspiracy
This article examines the persecution of Spanish Freemasonry under the Franco regime (1936–75). It emphasises the significance of the Francoist conviction that a ‘Judeo-Masonic-Communist’ conspiracy not only made the Civil War ‘inevitable’ but also continued to threaten Spain after final victory in 1939. Thus in March 1940, Franco felt compelled to create a special repressive framework to fight Freemasonry in the ‘Law for the repression of Freema…
Unearthing Franco's Legacy
The recent furore over Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón’s failed attempts to indict Franco and thirty-four of his closest associates for crimes against humanity shows the extent to which the brutal Francoist repression and its legacy have become fiercely contested issues in Spain. Garzón’s investigation was initiated on the request of Recovery of Historical Memory associations that have emerged in the last decade to demand justice for Franco’s …
The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War
This book deals with one of most controversial issues of the Spanish Civil War (1936–9): the 'Red Terror'. Approximately 50,000 Spaniards were extrajudicially executed in Republican Spain following the failure of the military rebellion in July 1936. This mass killing of 'fascists' seriously undermined attempts by the legally constituted Republican government to present itself in foreign quarters as fighting a war for democracy. This study, based …
The Red Terror and the Spanish Civil War
The Life and Death of the Spanish Republic
The last decade has witnessed the welcome republication of classic contemporary accounts of the Spanish Civil War. Apart from Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia, interested readers can now easily purchase copies of Franz Borkenau’s The Spanish Cockpit, a 1937 study of the changing fortunes of the revolution in Republican Spain, and George Steer’s The Tree of Gernika, the Times correspondent’s 1938 account of the war in the Basque Country. Henry Buckley…
Do not panic
The English rock band, Hawkwind, was amongst the founders of the genre known as “space rock”. From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, their work also included references to Cold War issues. An examination of their concert appearances, musical output and printed matter reveals that relevant material often reflected the “imagination of disaster” made famous in an essay by Susan Sontag. As well, there are correlations between the waxing and waning …
Penetrating global consciousness
War chariots and armoured beasts of war played a major role in wars and influenced the outcomes of battles. The industrial era and age of total war saw new transmutations of this tool of war. When the first tanks rolled out at the battle of the Somme in September 1916, and a year later, an entire tank corps at Cambrai, a mobile tool of war was born that would weave itself deeply into battle space and global social consciousness, in fact humanity …
“The theatre with the most meagre audience”
How the First World War is envisaged and commemorated in Australia has been the subject of many studies, which focus on the European war. Seemingly forgotten is the occupation of New Guinea, which has received recent interest as Australia’s first war action. This article analyses the first transient war memorials, namely the exhibiting of war trophies in local shop windows. The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Forces brought home and s…
New liberalism, new language? The use of collectivist concepts in the budget speeches of 1893–95 and 1906–14
The article considers the Budget Speeches of Asquith and Lloyd George during the period of the Liberal social reforms of 1906–14. It examines how these Budget speeches conceptualised the debate surrounding these reforms and discusses the extent to which this conceptualisation can be seen as reflecting the discursive character of a New Liberalism. The focus is on key collectivist concepts—“the state”, “the community”, “the people” and “the nation”…
Hitler’s Shadow Empire
During the Spanish Civil War, many antifascists were convinced that the military rebellion of July 1936 was the nefarious work of the Nazis. As Orwell memorably put it in Homage to Catalonia, he went to Barcelona in December 1936 having accepted ‘the News Chronicle–New Statesman version of the war as the defence of civilisation against a maniacal outbreak by an army of Colonel Blimps in the pay of Hitler’. In reality, members of the Nazi elite th…
Fraude y violencia en las elecciones del Frente Popular, by Manuel Álvarez Tardío and Roberto Villa García
The February 1936 parliamentary elections in Spain were the most important national vote in that country’s twentieth-century history. It would prove to be the last Spanish democratic election until June 1977. For the nearly forty years of the Franco regime, apologists for the military rebellion of July 1936 denied that the leftist Popular Front had emerged victorious at the polls. In early 1939, a Nationalist special commission ruled that the rig…
Notices of Periodicals and Occasional Publications mainly from 2017
in response and riposte to Constantine's reshaped Christianity.Journal of Ecclesiastical History, lxviii The origins of the Vandals' reputation as persecutors of Catholicism in North Africa and Spain in the fifth century is convincingly reassessed by E. Fournier.Their conquest of Africa was initially understood as normal warfare, without religious motivation.Tentative suggestions by Augustine which provided a way to interpret the devastation in t…
S tanley G. P ayne . Alcalá Zamora and the Failure of the Spanish Republic, 1931–1936
Political biography is firmly back in fashion in Spain. Historians have largely abandoned the rigid Marxist schemas of their forebears in their attempts to explain the tumultuous political events of the 1930s. Individuals matter. There are major biographies of most of the major political figures of the Second Republic, including Santos Juliá’s life of Republican premier and second president Manuel Azaña (Vida y tiempo de Manuel Azaña [2008]), Jul…
The Centre Cannot Hold
Freedom, Faith & Sovereignty
Law (19 works) · Political science (19 works) · History (16 works) · Politics (16 works) · Spanish Civil War (12 works) · Art (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Italian Fascism and Post-war Society (10 works) · History (8 works) · Economic history (7 works)