Jonathan M Golding
Biographic Data
| ID | 3697861 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jonathan M Golding |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jonathan M |
| FAMILY NAME | Golding |
| SIGNATURE | GOLDING J M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kentucky |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1126-1882 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 59 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Perceptions of the potential transmission of the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV): Legal decision-making in civil court
The present study analyzed legal decision-making in a human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) civil trial. Male and female community members read a trial summary in which a female plaintiff (either sober or intoxicated at the time of sexual intercourse) alleged that a male defendant failed to disclose his HIV status prior to having sex. Participants provided judgements about the case (e.g. case decision, plaintiff and defendant credibility). The prim…
Proving Love or Instilling Fear? Gender Differences in Perceptions and Jury Deliberations of Stalking Among College Students
We examined how college students perceived and discussed an intimate partner stalking case during mock jury deliberations. Specifically, undergraduates constituting 22 mixed-gender mock juries provided individual pre- and postdeliberation verdicts and deliberated in mixed-gender groups. We used Pathfinder analyses to derive semantic networks from their written pre- and postdeliberation verdict reasoning and the transcribed jury deliberations. Dur…
Perceptions of “Stealthing” in Civil Court
This study investigated how jurors perceive victim intoxication in a civil case involving "stealthing," the nonconsensual removal of a condom during sexual intercourse. Participants read a trial summary and made case judgments. Results revealed: (a) more plaintiff decisions when the victim was sober compared to intoxicated; (b) the effect of victim intoxication on case decision was indirectly affected by pro-victim judgments; and (c) the victim's…
Type of Corporal Punishment and Charge Severity Shape Mock Jurors’ Judgments in a Child Physical Abuse Case
Surveying Non-Consensual Drink Spiking Among College and Online Samples
Perceptions of male-perpetrated sexual assault: The impact of victim gender and perceived sexual orientation
Legal Decision-Making in an Adult Rape Case Involving DNA Evidence
This study investigated how jurors use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evidence in an adult rape trial with a female victim and a male stranger defendant. Community members read a trial summary and then made case judgments (e.g., verdict). Results showed: (a) DNA evidence led to more pro-victim judgments (e.g., more guilty verdicts) than those who did not receive DNA evidence; (b) women were more pro-victim than men; (c) pro-victim judgments indirect…
Whom Would You Help? The Impact of Perpetrator and Victim Gender on Bystander Behavior During a Sexual Assault
We examined the impact of perpetrator and victim gender on bystander helping choices and assault perceptions. Participants (32 females, 37 males) read about two simultaneously occurring sexual assaults, indicated which victim they would help, and gave their perceptions of the assaults. We used a within-participants design that fully manipulated the perpetrator and victim gender for both assaults. Results showed female victims of male perpetrators…
When Driving Under the Influence Leads to Manslaughter: Perceptions of Plea Bargains
The present study examined perceptions of driving under the influence (DUI) manslaughter cases that result in plea bargains. Participants (32 women, 23 men) read a vignette describing a DUI case in which the intoxicated driver hit and killed another person and were then asked to answer questions about their perceptions of the case. We used a within-participant design and manipulated the age of the victim, the type of plea bargain, and the locatio…
Mock Juror Perceptions of a Male or Female Adult Rape Victim Crying in the Courtroom
This study investigated the impact of victim crying and gender on perceptions of rape cases. Participants (N = 240, 51.5% male, 48.1% female) completed a 2 (victim crying) × 2 (victim gender) × 2 (participant gender) between-participants design with case judgments (e.g., verdict) as the DVs. Results found that a rape victim crying during testimony increased pro-victim judgments compared to when the victim did not cry, that female mock jurors were…
The Impact of Victim Demeanor on Jurors’ Perceptions of a Sexual Harassment Victim
Despite the prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace, little research has investigated the role of victim demeanor in perceptions of sexual harassment cases. The present study varied whether the victim cried while testifying by using drawings of the victim. Participants were presented with a civil trial summary and asked to make trial-related judgments. Overall, factors representing participants' perceptions of victim credibility and vict…
The influence of jailhouse informant testimony on jury deliberation
The Sobering Effects of Jailhouse Informant Testimony on Perceptions of an Intoxicated Rape Victim
This study investigated the impact of jailhouse informant (JI) testimony on mock-jurors’ perceptions of an alcohol-facilitated rape trial. Male and female participants (N = 186) read a rape trial summary of an adult female after attending a concert. The trial varied whether the victim was intoxicated or sober and whether a JI testified that the defendant confessed to the rape. The results indicated that participants were more pro-victim (e.g., vo…
Will jurors believe nonbelievers? Perceptions of atheist rape victims in the courtroom
Strength Versus Sensitivity: The Impact of Attorney Gender on Juror Perceptions and Trial Outcomes in a Rape Case
We examined the impact of attorney gender on perceptions of a criminal rape trial. Community members ( N = 208) read a trial summary describing a rape scenario in which the gender of the prosecuting and defense attorney were manipulated. The results revealed indirect effects of prosecuting and defense attorney gender on verdict through perceptions of characteristics related to attorney competency. Qualitative analyses further showed that the term…
Do Judicial Instructions Aid in Distinguishing Between Reliable and Unreliable Jailhouse Informants
Jailhouse informants are a leading cause of wrongful convictions. In an attempt to preempt such miscarriages of justice, several states (e.g., Connecticut and California) have mandated that judicial instructions be provided to act as a safeguard against false testimony. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these instructions in helping jurors distinguish between reliable and unreliable jailhouse informants. Participants read a trial transcri…
The Impact of Threat Type and Prior Abuse History on Perceptions of Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion
Intimate partner sexual victimization often involves perpetrators using threats to coerce victims into sexual activity. However, little research has investigated perceptions of this coercion. We presented 99 community members with intimate partner sexual coercion vignettes that varied abuse history (between-participants) and type of threat used to coerce the victim into sex (within-participants; that is, physical assault, financial, children take…
She Is his Girlfriend—I Believe this Is a Different Situation”: Gender Differences in Perceptions of the Legality of Intimate Partner Rape
Associations Between Sexual Behavior Norm Beliefs in Relationships and Intimate Partner Rape Judgments
Using a community sample ( n = 296), we investigated the associations between sexual behavior norm beliefs, acceptance of partner rape, judgments that non-consensual partner sex is "wrong not rape," and decisions if non-consensual partner sex should be charged as rape. Sexual behavior norm beliefs were associated both directly and indirectly with latter components in the model related to acceptance of non-consensual partner sex judgments and char…
Mock Juror Gender Biases and Perceptions of Self-Defense Claims in Intimate Partner Homicide
Factors impacting juror perceptions of battered women who kill their abusers: Delay and sleeping status
Community members (N 187) rendered judgments about a case of a battered woman who killed her abuser allegedly in self-defense. The experiment was designed to isolate the effects of time delay before killing and the victim’s sleeping status, as prior research has confounded these two variables. Results showed that delay affected conviction rates only for women; men convicted at high rates regardless of delay, whereas women convicted at higher rate…
Mock Jurors’ Perception of Stalking: The Impact of Gender and Expressed Fear
The Perception of Elder Sexual Abuse in the Courtroom
This study explored mock juror perceptions of elder sexual mistreatment (ESM). In Experiment 1, 118 participants read a fictional criminal trial summary of an ESM case in which a 76-year-old woman was allegedly abused by either her son or a neighbor. In Experiment 2 (n = 360), the ESM occurred in either a nursing home or the elder's home and the alleged perpetrator was either her son or a nursing home worker. Conviction rates were relatively low …
Directed Forgetting of a Single Item
In two experiments, we investigated directed forgetting of a single item. We presented participants with two phone numbers to remember and instructed half of the participants to forget the first phone number. The first number was either learned on a single trial (Experiment 1) or on three trials (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, there was evidence of directed forgetting as a result of differential encoding; the forget instruction affected recall a…
The effect of hearsay witness age in a child sexual assault trial
Superordinate goal inferences: Are they automatically generated during comprehension
Long, Golding, and Graesser (1992) and Long, Golding, Graesser, and Clark (1990) have reported evidence that readers spontaneously generate superordinate goal inferences as they read action statements in stories when they have sufficient time to do so (i.e., a long delay between presentation of the inference‐eliciting sentence and the test probe). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether readers generate these inferences under re…
Causal connectives increase inference generation
The influence of interclause connectives on inference generation was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, participants supplied lexical decisions on inference words following the word‐by‐word presentation of sentences containing the connective because and when the clauses were presented as two independent sentences (i.e., no connective). The results indicated that the causal knowledge‐based inferences were generated in the connective c…
Mock Juror Gender Biases and Perceptions of Self-Defense Claims in Intimate Partner Homicide
Jurors' Reactions to Child Witnesses
Adults often do not know when to believe children. There are few places where this uncertainty is more consequential than in a court of law where jurors may be forced to base their verdict largely on the testimony of children. Legal and cultural stereotypes undermine children's credibility as witnesses by portraying them as basically honest but highly manipulable, unable to differentiate fantasy from reality, and lacking in cognitive sophisticati…
Mock Jurors’ Perception of Stalking: The Impact of Gender and Expressed Fear
What makes a good answer to a question: Testing a psychological model of question answering in the context of narrative text
Two experiments tested the QUEST model of question answering (Graesser & Franklin, 1990) in the context of short stories. QUEST specifies how individuals answer why and how questions by searching through various sources of information after comprehending a text. The sources of information include the passage structure and the generic knowledge structures that are associated with the content words in the query. After these information sources are …
The Impact of Victim Demeanor on Jurors’ Perceptions of a Sexual Harassment Victim
Despite the prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace, little research has investigated the role of victim demeanor in perceptions of sexual harassment cases. The present study varied whether the victim cried while testifying by using drawings of the victim. Participants were presented with a civil trial summary and asked to make trial-related judgments. Overall, factors representing participants' perceptions of victim credibility and vict…
The Impact of Threat Type and Prior Abuse History on Perceptions of Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion
Intimate partner sexual victimization often involves perpetrators using threats to coerce victims into sexual activity. However, little research has investigated perceptions of this coercion. We presented 99 community members with intimate partner sexual coercion vignettes that varied abuse history (between-participants) and type of threat used to coerce the victim into sex (within-participants; that is, physical assault, financial, children take…
She Is his Girlfriend—I Believe this Is a Different Situation”: Gender Differences in Perceptions of the Legality of Intimate Partner Rape
Associations Between Sexual Behavior Norm Beliefs in Relationships and Intimate Partner Rape Judgments
Using a community sample ( n = 296), we investigated the associations between sexual behavior norm beliefs, acceptance of partner rape, judgments that non-consensual partner sex is "wrong not rape," and decisions if non-consensual partner sex should be charged as rape. Sexual behavior norm beliefs were associated both directly and indirectly with latter components in the model related to acceptance of non-consensual partner sex judgments and char…
The effect of hearsay witness age in a child sexual assault trial
Answering when questions about future events in the context of a calendar system
Three experiments tested a model of question answering called WHEN, which explains the answer descriptions that are generated when adults answer when questions (Golding, Magliano, & Hemphill, 1992). College students answered questions about future events in the context of a 12‐month calendar year. The WHEN model specifies how the time of the future event is expressed as a function of the temporal interval between the present point in time and the…
The buck stops here: A survey of the financial status of PhD graduate students in psychology, 1966–1987
Jurors' Reactions to Child Witnesses
Adults often do not know when to believe children. There are few places where this uncertainty is more consequential than in a court of law where jurors may be forced to base their verdict largely on the testimony of children. Legal and cultural stereotypes undermine children's credibility as witnesses by portraying them as basically honest but highly manipulable, unable to differentiate fantasy from reality, and lacking in cognitive sophisticati…
Assessing the occurrence of elaborative inferences: Lexical decision versus naming
The buck stops here: A survey of the financial status of PhD graduate students in psychology, 1966–1987
The buck stops here: A survey of the financial status of PhD graduate students in psychology, 1966-1987
What makes a good answer to a question: Testing a psychological model of question answering in the context of narrative text
Two experiments tested the QUEST model of question answering (Graesser & Franklin, 1990) in the context of short stories. QUEST specifies how individuals answer why and how questions by searching through various sources of information after comprehending a text. The sources of information include the passage structure and the generic knowledge structures that are associated with the content words in the query. After these information sources are …
Superordinate goal inferences: Are they automatically generated during comprehension
Long, Golding, and Graesser (1992) and Long, Golding, Graesser, and Clark (1990) have reported evidence that readers spontaneously generate superordinate goal inferences as they read action statements in stories when they have sufficient time to do so (i.e., a long delay between presentation of the inference‐eliciting sentence and the test probe). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether readers generate these inferences under re…
Causal connectives increase inference generation
The influence of interclause connectives on inference generation was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, participants supplied lexical decisions on inference words following the word‐by‐word presentation of sentences containing the connective because and when the clauses were presented as two independent sentences (i.e., no connective). The results indicated that the causal knowledge‐based inferences were generated in the connective c…
Answering when questions about future events in the context of a calendar system
Three experiments tested a model of question answering called WHEN, which explains the answer descriptions that are generated when adults answer when questions (Golding, Magliano, & Hemphill, 1992). College students answered questions about future events in the context of a 12‐month calendar year. The WHEN model specifies how the time of the future event is expressed as a function of the temporal interval between the present point in time and the…
The effect of hearsay witness age in a child sexual assault trial
The effect of hearsay witness age in a child sexual assault trial
Directed Forgetting of a Single Item
In two experiments, we investigated directed forgetting of a single item. We presented participants with two phone numbers to remember and instructed half of the participants to forget the first phone number. The first number was either learned on a single trial (Experiment 1) or on three trials (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, there was evidence of directed forgetting as a result of differential encoding; the forget instruction affected recall a…
The Perception of Elder Sexual Abuse in the Courtroom
This study explored mock juror perceptions of elder sexual mistreatment (ESM). In Experiment 1, 118 participants read a fictional criminal trial summary of an ESM case in which a 76-year-old woman was allegedly abused by either her son or a neighbor. In Experiment 2 (n = 360), the ESM occurred in either a nursing home or the elder's home and the alleged perpetrator was either her son or a nursing home worker. Conviction rates were relatively low …
Factors impacting juror perceptions of battered women who kill their abusers: Delay and sleeping status
Community members (N 187) rendered judgments about a case of a battered woman who killed her abuser allegedly in self-defense. The experiment was designed to isolate the effects of time delay before killing and the victim’s sleeping status, as prior research has confounded these two variables. Results showed that delay affected conviction rates only for women; men convicted at high rates regardless of delay, whereas women convicted at higher rate…
Mock Jurors’ Perception of Stalking: The Impact of Gender and Expressed Fear
Mock Juror Gender Biases and Perceptions of Self-Defense Claims in Intimate Partner Homicide
Associations Between Sexual Behavior Norm Beliefs in Relationships and Intimate Partner Rape Judgments
Using a community sample ( n = 296), we investigated the associations between sexual behavior norm beliefs, acceptance of partner rape, judgments that non-consensual partner sex is "wrong not rape," and decisions if non-consensual partner sex should be charged as rape. Sexual behavior norm beliefs were associated both directly and indirectly with latter components in the model related to acceptance of non-consensual partner sex judgments and char…
She Is his Girlfriend—I Believe this Is a Different Situation”: Gender Differences in Perceptions of the Legality of Intimate Partner Rape
Do Judicial Instructions Aid in Distinguishing Between Reliable and Unreliable Jailhouse Informants
Jailhouse informants are a leading cause of wrongful convictions. In an attempt to preempt such miscarriages of justice, several states (e.g., Connecticut and California) have mandated that judicial instructions be provided to act as a safeguard against false testimony. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these instructions in helping jurors distinguish between reliable and unreliable jailhouse informants. Participants read a trial transcri…
The Impact of Threat Type and Prior Abuse History on Perceptions of Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion
Intimate partner sexual victimization often involves perpetrators using threats to coerce victims into sexual activity. However, little research has investigated perceptions of this coercion. We presented 99 community members with intimate partner sexual coercion vignettes that varied abuse history (between-participants) and type of threat used to coerce the victim into sex (within-participants; that is, physical assault, financial, children take…
The Sobering Effects of Jailhouse Informant Testimony on Perceptions of an Intoxicated Rape Victim
This study investigated the impact of jailhouse informant (JI) testimony on mock-jurors’ perceptions of an alcohol-facilitated rape trial. Male and female participants (N = 186) read a rape trial summary of an adult female after attending a concert. The trial varied whether the victim was intoxicated or sober and whether a JI testified that the defendant confessed to the rape. The results indicated that participants were more pro-victim (e.g., vo…
Will jurors believe nonbelievers? Perceptions of atheist rape victims in the courtroom
Strength Versus Sensitivity: The Impact of Attorney Gender on Juror Perceptions and Trial Outcomes in a Rape Case
We examined the impact of attorney gender on perceptions of a criminal rape trial. Community members ( N = 208) read a trial summary describing a rape scenario in which the gender of the prosecuting and defense attorney were manipulated. The results revealed indirect effects of prosecuting and defense attorney gender on verdict through perceptions of characteristics related to attorney competency. Qualitative analyses further showed that the term…
The influence of jailhouse informant testimony on jury deliberation
When Driving Under the Influence Leads to Manslaughter: Perceptions of Plea Bargains
The present study examined perceptions of driving under the influence (DUI) manslaughter cases that result in plea bargains. Participants (32 women, 23 men) read a vignette describing a DUI case in which the intoxicated driver hit and killed another person and were then asked to answer questions about their perceptions of the case. We used a within-participant design and manipulated the age of the victim, the type of plea bargain, and the locatio…
Mock Juror Perceptions of a Male or Female Adult Rape Victim Crying in the Courtroom
This study investigated the impact of victim crying and gender on perceptions of rape cases. Participants (N = 240, 51.5% male, 48.1% female) completed a 2 (victim crying) × 2 (victim gender) × 2 (participant gender) between-participants design with case judgments (e.g., verdict) as the DVs. Results found that a rape victim crying during testimony increased pro-victim judgments compared to when the victim did not cry, that female mock jurors were…
Psychology (28 works) · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies (19 works) · Perception (18 works) · Medicine (17 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Poison control (16 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Political science (14 works) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (12 works) · Law (12 works)