Erik Jan Zurcher
Biographic Data
| ID | 3698909 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Erik Jan Zurcher |
| GIVEN NAMES | Erik Jan |
| FAMILY NAME | Zurcher |
| SIGNATURE | ZÜRCHER E J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Leiden University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 35 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
The Great National Assembly of Turkey and Its Place Between Sultanate and Republic
È ormai una consuetudine affermare che all’Impero Ottomano sia succeduta la Repubblica di Turchia. Tuttavia, non è vero. Quando il sultanato ottomano fu abolito nel novembre del 1922, l’abolizione in sé non fu contestata in modo feroce. I dibattiti si concentrarono su altre due questioni: sulla creazione di un Califfato “spirituale” (una novità assoluta nel mondo dell’Islam) e soprattutto sulle garanzie per il mantenimento del sistema di governo …
The Unionist presence in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1912
This article investigates the way the Young Turk Committee of Union and Progress, which was essentially an organisation with roots in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire and in the Western Anatolian province of Aydın, established itself in the provincial centres of Eastern Anatolia and the Arab provinces after the revolution of July 1908. It then seeks out the patterns that can be discerned in the composition of the local branches, and i…
Contextualizing the ideology of the Turkish national resistance movement
The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after the end of World War I and that was eventually successful in overturning the peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Entente, has become such an important part of the history of the emergence of the Turkish nation state, that it is studied almost exclusively in that context: as republican prehistory. As a result almost no effort has bee…
The Young Turk revolution: Comparisons and connections
This article consists of a comparative analysis on the one hand, and an attempt to trace influences and connections, on the other. In the comparative part, it seeks to determine the place of the Ottoman constitutional revolution of July 1908 in the global wave of revolutions in the decade before the First World War. It accepts that there is a high degree of similarity in the liberal constitutionalist ideology of the revolutionary movements, but e…
Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War
The article analyses the system of government of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by looking at three elements: the constitutional-parliamentarian monarchy, the Committee of Union and Progress and the army. The analysis takes place along two axes: one in which the functioning of, and the power relations between, the different institutional elements are analysed, and one based on a series of case studies of important decision-making m…
Jihad and Islam in World War I
This books investigates the background and nature of the Ottoman Jihad proclamation, but also its effects in the wider Middle East. It looks at the German hopes and British fears of a worldwide rising of Muslims in the colonial empires. It also discusses the fierce academic debates caused by the Jihad proclamation, in which the 1915 manifesto of Leiden Islam scholar Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (“Holy War Made in Germany”) played a key role. This …
Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination
Less than two weeks before Adolf Hitler's failed putsch in Munich on 8−9 November 1923, the weekly Heimatland, officially the press organ of the “Deutsche Kampfbund” but also a paper closely related to the embryonic Nazi Party, called on its front page for the establishment of an “Ankara government” in Germany (“Her die Angora-Regierung!”). The paper argued that the revival of Germany could start only far away from the capital, in Bavaria, just a…
Monologue to Conversation: Comparative Approaches in Turkish Historiography
Comparative studies developed late in the field of Ottoman and Turkish history and, when they did, that was due primarily to external influences: the impact of world system theory, the flowering of nationalism studies and the growth of empire studies that was triggered by the fall of the Soviet Union. The comparative methodologies employed have become progressively more sophisticated and because historians of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey are now…
Macedonians in Anatolia: The Importance of the Macedonian Roots of the Unionists for their Policies in Anatolia after 1914
The article looks at statements and acts of the core members of the Committee of Union and Progress in the run-up to the constitutional revolution of 1908 to determine whether these express ideas that later guided them in their policies in Anatolia. The main argument is that the Balkan War of 1912–13, in which the European provinces were largely lost, was an important catalyst that led to a radicalization of policies but that in fact the basic ou…
Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500–2000
Though fighting is clearly hard work, historians have not paid much attention to warfare and military service as forms of labor. This collection does just that, bringing together the usually disparate fields of military and labor history. The contributors - including Robert Johnson, Frank Tallett, and Gilles Veinstein - undertake the first systematic comparative analysis of military labor across Europe, Africa, America, the Middle East, and Asia.…
Fighting for a Living
Fighting for a Living investigates the circumstances that have produced starkly different systems of recruiting and employing soldiers in different parts of the globe over the last 500 years. It does so on the basis of a wide range of case studies taken from Europe, Africa, America, the Middle East and Asia. The novelty of "Fighting for a Living" is that it is not military history in the traditional sense (concentrating at wars and battles or on …
Turkey: A Short History, by Norman Stone
Norman Stone is, of course, well known for his excellent studies on Russian and European history written in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as for his strong and controversial views on many aspects of recent European and world history. Since 1997 he has held a chair of international relations at the University of Bilkent in Ankara, and he has now marked his long association with Turkey by writing an overview history of the country for a general read…
Atatürk as a Young Turk
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
How Europeans adopted Anatolia and created Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. In the first 20 years of its existence, the political leadership of the republic embarked on a process of nation building in Anatolia and at the same time changed the face of Turkish society, stamping on it a particular brand of secular modernity. This article tries to find out what were the common characteristics of the small band of men who made up the leadership of the republic and to what extent the…
The vocabulary of Muslim nationalism
This article is about the language of politics and religion in the Middle East. It argues that the national struggle of the Ottomans after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I was not aimed at the establishment of a Turkish state, as later Turkish historiography has claimed. A careful analysis of the terminology employed by the leadership of the national movement in its official documents during the early phase (1918-1920) shows that i…
Conscription as Military Labour: The Historical Context
For most of the nineteenth and twentieth century, universal conscription has been by far the predominant system of military recruitment, but the phenomenon has received surprisingly little attention from social historians. This lack of attention is all the more surprising if one considers the interesting position occupied by conscription at the crossroads of wage and non-wage labour and free and unfree labour. The following articles by Khaled Fah…
The Ottoman Conscription System, 1844–1914
The introduction of conscription in the Ottoman Empire of course was closely linked to the introduction of a European-style army, but it did not coincide with it. As is well known, the first attempt to create an army which was trained, equipped and dressed in the contemporary European fashion, was made by Sultan Selim III in 1792. His Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) army by all accounts was quite an impressive achievement in itself. Starting from a str…
Between Death and Desertion
To the editor
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic: The Progressive Republican Party, 1924-1925
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic. The Progressive Republican Party 1924 - 1925
Young Turk memoirs as a historical source: Kazim Karabekir's Istiklal Harbimiz
Historians of the Western world generally take it for granted that good historical research, especially when it is concerned with the modern period, has to be based on primary sources. In the language of the historian this nearly always means archives. For the historian of the Middle East, however, it is often impossible to consult the relevant archives. The older collections are often inadequately systematized or catalogued and the modern archiv…
The Ottoman Conscription System, 1844–1914
The introduction of conscription in the Ottoman Empire of course was closely linked to the introduction of a European-style army, but it did not coincide with it. As is well known, the first attempt to create an army which was trained, equipped and dressed in the contemporary European fashion, was made by Sultan Selim III in 1792. His Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) army by all accounts was quite an impressive achievement in itself. Starting from a str…
Conscription as Military Labour: The Historical Context
For most of the nineteenth and twentieth century, universal conscription has been by far the predominant system of military recruitment, but the phenomenon has received surprisingly little attention from social historians. This lack of attention is all the more surprising if one considers the interesting position occupied by conscription at the crossroads of wage and non-wage labour and free and unfree labour. The following articles by Khaled Fah…
The vocabulary of Muslim nationalism
This article is about the language of politics and religion in the Middle East. It argues that the national struggle of the Ottomans after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I was not aimed at the establishment of a Turkish state, as later Turkish historiography has claimed. A careful analysis of the terminology employed by the leadership of the national movement in its official documents during the early phase (1918-1920) shows that i…
Monologue to Conversation: Comparative Approaches in Turkish Historiography
Comparative studies developed late in the field of Ottoman and Turkish history and, when they did, that was due primarily to external influences: the impact of world system theory, the flowering of nationalism studies and the growth of empire studies that was triggered by the fall of the Soviet Union. The comparative methodologies employed have become progressively more sophisticated and because historians of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey are now…
Macedonians in Anatolia: The Importance of the Macedonian Roots of the Unionists for their Policies in Anatolia after 1914
The article looks at statements and acts of the core members of the Committee of Union and Progress in the run-up to the constitutional revolution of 1908 to determine whether these express ideas that later guided them in their policies in Anatolia. The main argument is that the Balkan War of 1912–13, in which the European provinces were largely lost, was an important catalyst that led to a radicalization of policies but that in fact the basic ou…
Atatürk as a Young Turk
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
How Europeans adopted Anatolia and created Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. In the first 20 years of its existence, the political leadership of the republic embarked on a process of nation building in Anatolia and at the same time changed the face of Turkish society, stamping on it a particular brand of secular modernity. This article tries to find out what were the common characteristics of the small band of men who made up the leadership of the republic and to what extent the…
The Unionist presence in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1912
This article investigates the way the Young Turk Committee of Union and Progress, which was essentially an organisation with roots in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire and in the Western Anatolian province of Aydın, established itself in the provincial centres of Eastern Anatolia and the Arab provinces after the revolution of July 1908. It then seeks out the patterns that can be discerned in the composition of the local branches, and i…
Contextualizing the ideology of the Turkish national resistance movement
The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after the end of World War I and that was eventually successful in overturning the peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Entente, has become such an important part of the history of the emergence of the Turkish nation state, that it is studied almost exclusively in that context: as republican prehistory. As a result almost no effort has bee…
The Young Turk revolution: Comparisons and connections
This article consists of a comparative analysis on the one hand, and an attempt to trace influences and connections, on the other. In the comparative part, it seeks to determine the place of the Ottoman constitutional revolution of July 1908 in the global wave of revolutions in the decade before the First World War. It accepts that there is a high degree of similarity in the liberal constitutionalist ideology of the revolutionary movements, but e…
Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War
The article analyses the system of government of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by looking at three elements: the constitutional-parliamentarian monarchy, the Committee of Union and Progress and the army. The analysis takes place along two axes: one in which the functioning of, and the power relations between, the different institutional elements are analysed, and one based on a series of case studies of important decision-making m…
Young Turk memoirs as a historical source: Kazim Karabekir's Istiklal Harbimiz
Historians of the Western world generally take it for granted that good historical research, especially when it is concerned with the modern period, has to be based on primary sources. In the language of the historian this nearly always means archives. For the historian of the Middle East, however, it is often impossible to consult the relevant archives. The older collections are often inadequately systematized or catalogued and the modern archiv…
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic. The Progressive Republican Party 1924 - 1925
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic: The Progressive Republican Party, 1924-1925
To the editor
Between Death and Desertion
Conscription as Military Labour: The Historical Context
For most of the nineteenth and twentieth century, universal conscription has been by far the predominant system of military recruitment, but the phenomenon has received surprisingly little attention from social historians. This lack of attention is all the more surprising if one considers the interesting position occupied by conscription at the crossroads of wage and non-wage labour and free and unfree labour. The following articles by Khaled Fah…
The Ottoman Conscription System, 1844–1914
The introduction of conscription in the Ottoman Empire of course was closely linked to the introduction of a European-style army, but it did not coincide with it. As is well known, the first attempt to create an army which was trained, equipped and dressed in the contemporary European fashion, was made by Sultan Selim III in 1792. His Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) army by all accounts was quite an impressive achievement in itself. Starting from a str…
The vocabulary of Muslim nationalism
This article is about the language of politics and religion in the Middle East. It argues that the national struggle of the Ottomans after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I was not aimed at the establishment of a Turkish state, as later Turkish historiography has claimed. A careful analysis of the terminology employed by the leadership of the national movement in its official documents during the early phase (1918-1920) shows that i…
How Europeans adopted Anatolia and created Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. In the first 20 years of its existence, the political leadership of the republic embarked on a process of nation building in Anatolia and at the same time changed the face of Turkish society, stamping on it a particular brand of secular modernity. This article tries to find out what were the common characteristics of the small band of men who made up the leadership of the republic and to what extent the…
Atatürk as a Young Turk
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500–2000
Though fighting is clearly hard work, historians have not paid much attention to warfare and military service as forms of labor. This collection does just that, bringing together the usually disparate fields of military and labor history. The contributors - including Robert Johnson, Frank Tallett, and Gilles Veinstein - undertake the first systematic comparative analysis of military labor across Europe, Africa, America, the Middle East, and Asia.…
Fighting for a Living
Fighting for a Living investigates the circumstances that have produced starkly different systems of recruiting and employing soldiers in different parts of the globe over the last 500 years. It does so on the basis of a wide range of case studies taken from Europe, Africa, America, the Middle East and Asia. The novelty of "Fighting for a Living" is that it is not military history in the traditional sense (concentrating at wars and battles or on …
Turkey: A Short History, by Norman Stone
Norman Stone is, of course, well known for his excellent studies on Russian and European history written in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as for his strong and controversial views on many aspects of recent European and world history. Since 1997 he has held a chair of international relations at the University of Bilkent in Ankara, and he has now marked his long association with Turkey by writing an overview history of the country for a general read…
Monologue to Conversation: Comparative Approaches in Turkish Historiography
Comparative studies developed late in the field of Ottoman and Turkish history and, when they did, that was due primarily to external influences: the impact of world system theory, the flowering of nationalism studies and the growth of empire studies that was triggered by the fall of the Soviet Union. The comparative methodologies employed have become progressively more sophisticated and because historians of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey are now…
Macedonians in Anatolia: The Importance of the Macedonian Roots of the Unionists for their Policies in Anatolia after 1914
The article looks at statements and acts of the core members of the Committee of Union and Progress in the run-up to the constitutional revolution of 1908 to determine whether these express ideas that later guided them in their policies in Anatolia. The main argument is that the Balkan War of 1912–13, in which the European provinces were largely lost, was an important catalyst that led to a radicalization of policies but that in fact the basic ou…
Jihad and Islam in World War I
This books investigates the background and nature of the Ottoman Jihad proclamation, but also its effects in the wider Middle East. It looks at the German hopes and British fears of a worldwide rising of Muslims in the colonial empires. It also discusses the fierce academic debates caused by the Jihad proclamation, in which the 1915 manifesto of Leiden Islam scholar Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (“Holy War Made in Germany”) played a key role. This …
Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination
Less than two weeks before Adolf Hitler's failed putsch in Munich on 8−9 November 1923, the weekly Heimatland, officially the press organ of the “Deutsche Kampfbund” but also a paper closely related to the embryonic Nazi Party, called on its front page for the establishment of an “Ankara government” in Germany (“Her die Angora-Regierung!”). The paper argued that the revival of Germany could start only far away from the capital, in Bavaria, just a…
The Young Turk revolution: Comparisons and connections
This article consists of a comparative analysis on the one hand, and an attempt to trace influences and connections, on the other. In the comparative part, it seeks to determine the place of the Ottoman constitutional revolution of July 1908 in the global wave of revolutions in the decade before the First World War. It accepts that there is a high degree of similarity in the liberal constitutionalist ideology of the revolutionary movements, but e…
Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War
The article analyses the system of government of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by looking at three elements: the constitutional-parliamentarian monarchy, the Committee of Union and Progress and the army. The analysis takes place along two axes: one in which the functioning of, and the power relations between, the different institutional elements are analysed, and one based on a series of case studies of important decision-making m…
Contextualizing the ideology of the Turkish national resistance movement
The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after the end of World War I and that was eventually successful in overturning the peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Entente, has become such an important part of the history of the emergence of the Turkish nation state, that it is studied almost exclusively in that context: as republican prehistory. As a result almost no effort has bee…
The Unionist presence in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1912
This article investigates the way the Young Turk Committee of Union and Progress, which was essentially an organisation with roots in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire and in the Western Anatolian province of Aydın, established itself in the provincial centres of Eastern Anatolia and the Arab provinces after the revolution of July 1908. It then seeks out the patterns that can be discerned in the composition of the local branches, and i…
The Great National Assembly of Turkey and Its Place Between Sultanate and Republic
È ormai una consuetudine affermare che all’Impero Ottomano sia succeduta la Repubblica di Turchia. Tuttavia, non è vero. Quando il sultanato ottomano fu abolito nel novembre del 1922, l’abolizione in sé non fu contestata in modo feroce. I dibattiti si concentrarono su altre due questioni: sulla creazione di un Califfato “spirituale” (una novità assoluta nel mondo dell’Islam) e soprattutto sulle garanzie per il mantenimento del sistema di governo …
Political science (20 works) · Law (16 works) · Turkey's Politics and Society (14 works) · History (13 works) · Historical Turkish Studies (12 works) · History (12 works) · Law (12 works) · Politics (12 works) · Ancient history (10 works) · Sociology (9 works)