Kristin Smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 3699477 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kristin Smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kristin |
| FAMILY NAME | Smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Toronto Metropolitan University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1898-2631 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 121 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
An Evaluation Framework for “Provenancing” to Enhance Te Tiriti o Waitangi Responsiveness in Environmental Science Research
The Aotearoa Impacts and Mitigation of Microplastics (AIM 2 ) government funded research project supported biophysical and social science research to better understand the sources and environmental impacts of microplastics contaminants and to reduce the impacts on the environment. A Māori‐centered co‐design approach resulted in a Tiriti Responsiveness Evaluation Framework (TREF) and insights on how research can better support meaningful inquiry w…
Earnings inequality and the expansion of care services in the United States, 1985–2019
Earnings in care services are lower than in other industries, particularly among professional and managerial employees, and are more compressed than in other industries. The growth of primarily female employment in care services since the 1980s has buffered overall increases in wage inequality while slowing convergence in the gender wage differential
Gender Inequality, Bargaining, and Pay in Care Services in the United States
The authors argue that paid providers of care services in the United States (in health, education, and social service industries) are less able than providers of business services to capture value-added or to extract rents because limited consumer sovereignty, incomplete information regarding quality, and large positive externalities reduce their relative market power. In addition, many care jobs enforce normative responsibility for others and re…
Cohort Differences in Occupational Retention among Computer Science Degree Holders
Although women's representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) employment has increased significantly over the past few decades, their presence remains low in fields like computer science. Using the National Science Foundation's Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), this paper assesses the factors shaping employment in STEM and non-STEM occupations among men and women with bachelor's degrees in co…
The Flip Side of Turnover
Scholars have explored the ways that conventional economic theory does not fully explain the distribution and characteristics of caring labor – the work, unpaid and paid, of caring for those who are young, elderly, or disabled. This paper explores a critical dimension of paid care – high turnover rates in the lowest-wage segment of the sector (including childcare, nursing homes, home health). Using longitudinal data from the 2008 Survey of Income…
Mass balance, accumulation dynamics and high-altitude warfare
Since 1984 the Indian and Pakistani armies have been locked in the world’s highest war on Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram Himalaya. This remote location is the world’s only nuclear trijunction as well as a source of drinking water for significant portions of India and Pakistan, and its possession is considered by both governments to be key to their national security. In the past, alpine battles were fought predominantly on glaciers with a precip…
Critical Pedagogy in Online Social Work Education
Neoliberal universities embrace the logic of acceleration where the quickening of daily life for both educators and students is driven by desires for efficient forms of productivity and measurable outcomes of work. From this perspective, time is governed by expanding capacities of the digital world that speed up the pace of work while blurring the boundaries between workplace, home, and leisure. In this article, we draw from findings from qualita…
Essential Workers and Care Penalties in the United States
The new category of workers officially labeled “essential” in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States includes a large percentage of women working in care services. In many of these services, health risks are often considered part of the job and are uncompensated by hazard pay. Building on previous feminist research explaining the devaluation of care work, this paper uses the most recent available data from the US Current P…
Melissa Gregg, Counterproductive
What it Means to Do Gender Differently
Recent changes in policies, laws, and public opinion have brought discussions about gender and gender-related topics to the forefront of cultural discourse. In spite of increased acceptance of gender nonconformity in public laws and Supreme Court rulings, we continue to see acts of hostility towards people who express their gender in nontraditional ways on both macro-system and individual levels. Viewing questions surrounding the issues of gender…
A Tale of Two Majors
We examine factors contributing to the gender gap in employment in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) among men and women with bachelor's degrees in computer science and engineering, the two largest and most male-dominated STEM fields. Data come from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) from 1995 to 2008. Different factors are associated with persistence in STEM jobs amon…
Family Income Composition
Family income has increased overall in the United States since the 1950s, but increased prosperity has not been distributed evenly, with family economic well‐being increasing more for some families than others. The end result has been increased family income inequality. Married couple families with a wife in the labor force have seen the largest gains over the decades. In general, families experienced increased prosperity over the 1950s and 1960s…
Unravelling Encounters
This multidisciplinary book brings together a series of critical engagements regarding the notion of ethical practice. As a whole, the book explores the question of how the current neo-liberal, socio-political moment and its relationship to the historical legacies of colonialism, white settlement, and racism inform and shape our practices, pedagogies, and understanding of encounters in diverse settings. The contributors draw largely on the work o…
Unmasking the Conflicting Trends in Job Tenure by Gender in the United States, 1983-2008
Americans are convinced that employment stability has declined in recent decades, but previous research on this question has led to mixed conclusions. A key challenge is that trends for men and women are in opposite directions and appear to cancel each other out. We clarify this situation by examining trends in employer tenure by sex, marital status, and parental status. We find that married mothers are behind the increase in women's job tenure, …
Decolonizing Queer Pedagogy
Critical pedagogies in the neoliberal university
Universities everywhere have been transformed as a result of expectations of labour flexibility and the implementation of market‐oriented policies and practices including cost containment measures and efficiency‐driven management models. Online teaching can be seen as a reform to education constituted by a “common sense” vision for post‐secondary education survival. Critical pedagogical approaches in social work education, geared towards fosterin…
Exploring the spatial wage penalty for women
Identity Work and Critical Social Service Management
Managing Restructured Social Services
This paper reports the early findings of a qualitative, longitudinal study of women managing health and social services in southern Ontario—a context that has been subject to successive rounds of restructuring and managerial reforms. Study participants, all women with extensive practice backgrounds and long-standing commitments to progressive public services, were critical of yet deeply implicated in organizational practices they judged at odds w…
The Effect of Medicaid Wage Pass-Through Programs on the Wages of Direct Care Workers
BACKGROUND: Despite growing demand for nursing and home health care as the US population ages, compensation levels in the low-skill nursing labor market that provides the bulk of long-term care remain quite low. The challenge facing providers of long-term care is that Medicaid reimbursement rates for nursing home and home health care severely restrict the wage growth that is necessary to attract workers, resulting in high turnover and labor short…
Differentiated Trust in Democratic Institutions Among Religious Minorities
Studies have shown religious organizations to be among the most trusted institutions of civil society in Europe. Similarly, research has revealed that, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, church organizations boast far higher levels of trust than government organizations or nonreligious civil society institutions. In this study, the link between religion and trust in democratic institutions among individuals is explored in relation to the…
Coming to care
Coming to care: the work and family lives of workers caring for vulnerable children, by Julia Brannen, June Statham, Ann Mooney and Michaela Brockman." , 20(5), pp. 548–549
Self-care
We used a preferences-and-constraints model to develop four hypotheses to explain why parents may choose self-care (an unsupervised arrangement) as the primary child care arrangement for their children over supervised alternatives and tested them in a multivariate framework using 1995 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We found that the choice of self-care over supervised care alternatives is linked to the availability of p…
The Impact of 9/11 on the Middle East
Dispelling the Myths
We use 1995 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine how race and class are related to self-care among children 5 to 13 years old. We find that contrary to popular belief, self-care is less common among minority and lower-class children. We also find that factors such as income and neighborhood safety are related to self-care and can attenuate the relationships observed between race, class, and self-care. Our analyses a…
Unmasking the Conflicting Trends in Job Tenure by Gender in the United States, 1983-2008
Americans are convinced that employment stability has declined in recent decades, but previous research on this question has led to mixed conclusions. A key challenge is that trends for men and women are in opposite directions and appear to cancel each other out. We clarify this situation by examining trends in employer tenure by sex, marital status, and parental status. We find that married mothers are behind the increase in women's job tenure, …
Identity Work and Critical Social Service Management
Managing Restructured Social Services
This paper reports the early findings of a qualitative, longitudinal study of women managing health and social services in southern Ontario—a context that has been subject to successive rounds of restructuring and managerial reforms. Study participants, all women with extensive practice backgrounds and long-standing commitments to progressive public services, were critical of yet deeply implicated in organizational practices they judged at odds w…
A Tale of Two Majors
We examine factors contributing to the gender gap in employment in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) among men and women with bachelor's degrees in computer science and engineering, the two largest and most male-dominated STEM fields. Data come from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) from 1995 to 2008. Different factors are associated with persistence in STEM jobs amon…
Essential Workers and Care Penalties in the United States
The new category of workers officially labeled “essential” in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States includes a large percentage of women working in care services. In many of these services, health risks are often considered part of the job and are uncompensated by hazard pay. Building on previous feminist research explaining the devaluation of care work, this paper uses the most recent available data from the US Current P…
Self-care
We used a preferences-and-constraints model to develop four hypotheses to explain why parents may choose self-care (an unsupervised arrangement) as the primary child care arrangement for their children over supervised alternatives and tested them in a multivariate framework using 1995 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We found that the choice of self-care over supervised care alternatives is linked to the availability of p…
Gender Inequality, Bargaining, and Pay in Care Services in the United States
The authors argue that paid providers of care services in the United States (in health, education, and social service industries) are less able than providers of business services to capture value-added or to extract rents because limited consumer sovereignty, incomplete information regarding quality, and large positive externalities reduce their relative market power. In addition, many care jobs enforce normative responsibility for others and re…
Dispelling the Myths
We use 1995 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine how race and class are related to self-care among children 5 to 13 years old. We find that contrary to popular belief, self-care is less common among minority and lower-class children. We also find that factors such as income and neighborhood safety are related to self-care and can attenuate the relationships observed between race, class, and self-care. Our analyses a…
Exploring the spatial wage penalty for women
Decolonizing Queer Pedagogy
Differentiated Trust in Democratic Institutions Among Religious Minorities
Studies have shown religious organizations to be among the most trusted institutions of civil society in Europe. Similarly, research has revealed that, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, church organizations boast far higher levels of trust than government organizations or nonreligious civil society institutions. In this study, the link between religion and trust in democratic institutions among individuals is explored in relation to the…
Divided Government in Kuwait
What it Means to Do Gender Differently
Recent changes in policies, laws, and public opinion have brought discussions about gender and gender-related topics to the forefront of cultural discourse. In spite of increased acceptance of gender nonconformity in public laws and Supreme Court rulings, we continue to see acts of hostility towards people who express their gender in nontraditional ways on both macro-system and individual levels. Viewing questions surrounding the issues of gender…
Divided Government in Kuwait
The Impact of 9/11 on the Middle East
Dispelling the Myths
We use 1995 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine how race and class are related to self-care among children 5 to 13 years old. We find that contrary to popular belief, self-care is less common among minority and lower-class children. We also find that factors such as income and neighborhood safety are related to self-care and can attenuate the relationships observed between race, class, and self-care. Our analyses a…
Self-care
We used a preferences-and-constraints model to develop four hypotheses to explain why parents may choose self-care (an unsupervised arrangement) as the primary child care arrangement for their children over supervised alternatives and tested them in a multivariate framework using 1995 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We found that the choice of self-care over supervised care alternatives is linked to the availability of p…
Coming to care
Coming to care: the work and family lives of workers caring for vulnerable children, by Julia Brannen, June Statham, Ann Mooney and Michaela Brockman." , 20(5), pp. 548–549
Differentiated Trust in Democratic Institutions Among Religious Minorities
Studies have shown religious organizations to be among the most trusted institutions of civil society in Europe. Similarly, research has revealed that, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, church organizations boast far higher levels of trust than government organizations or nonreligious civil society institutions. In this study, the link between religion and trust in democratic institutions among individuals is explored in relation to the…
Managing Restructured Social Services
This paper reports the early findings of a qualitative, longitudinal study of women managing health and social services in southern Ontario—a context that has been subject to successive rounds of restructuring and managerial reforms. Study participants, all women with extensive practice backgrounds and long-standing commitments to progressive public services, were critical of yet deeply implicated in organizational practices they judged at odds w…
The Effect of Medicaid Wage Pass-Through Programs on the Wages of Direct Care Workers
BACKGROUND: Despite growing demand for nursing and home health care as the US population ages, compensation levels in the low-skill nursing labor market that provides the bulk of long-term care remain quite low. The challenge facing providers of long-term care is that Medicaid reimbursement rates for nursing home and home health care severely restrict the wage growth that is necessary to attract workers, resulting in high turnover and labor short…
Identity Work and Critical Social Service Management
Decolonizing Queer Pedagogy
Critical pedagogies in the neoliberal university
Universities everywhere have been transformed as a result of expectations of labour flexibility and the implementation of market‐oriented policies and practices including cost containment measures and efficiency‐driven management models. Online teaching can be seen as a reform to education constituted by a “common sense” vision for post‐secondary education survival. Critical pedagogical approaches in social work education, geared towards fosterin…
Exploring the spatial wage penalty for women
Unmasking the Conflicting Trends in Job Tenure by Gender in the United States, 1983-2008
Americans are convinced that employment stability has declined in recent decades, but previous research on this question has led to mixed conclusions. A key challenge is that trends for men and women are in opposite directions and appear to cancel each other out. We clarify this situation by examining trends in employer tenure by sex, marital status, and parental status. We find that married mothers are behind the increase in women's job tenure, …
Family Income Composition
Family income has increased overall in the United States since the 1950s, but increased prosperity has not been distributed evenly, with family economic well‐being increasing more for some families than others. The end result has been increased family income inequality. Married couple families with a wife in the labor force have seen the largest gains over the decades. In general, families experienced increased prosperity over the 1950s and 1960s…
Unravelling Encounters
This multidisciplinary book brings together a series of critical engagements regarding the notion of ethical practice. As a whole, the book explores the question of how the current neo-liberal, socio-political moment and its relationship to the historical legacies of colonialism, white settlement, and racism inform and shape our practices, pedagogies, and understanding of encounters in diverse settings. The contributors draw largely on the work o…
What it Means to Do Gender Differently
Recent changes in policies, laws, and public opinion have brought discussions about gender and gender-related topics to the forefront of cultural discourse. In spite of increased acceptance of gender nonconformity in public laws and Supreme Court rulings, we continue to see acts of hostility towards people who express their gender in nontraditional ways on both macro-system and individual levels. Viewing questions surrounding the issues of gender…
A Tale of Two Majors
We examine factors contributing to the gender gap in employment in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) among men and women with bachelor's degrees in computer science and engineering, the two largest and most male-dominated STEM fields. Data come from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) from 1995 to 2008. Different factors are associated with persistence in STEM jobs amon…
Melissa Gregg, Counterproductive
Critical Pedagogy in Online Social Work Education
Neoliberal universities embrace the logic of acceleration where the quickening of daily life for both educators and students is driven by desires for efficient forms of productivity and measurable outcomes of work. From this perspective, time is governed by expanding capacities of the digital world that speed up the pace of work while blurring the boundaries between workplace, home, and leisure. In this article, we draw from findings from qualita…
Essential Workers and Care Penalties in the United States
The new category of workers officially labeled “essential” in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States includes a large percentage of women working in care services. In many of these services, health risks are often considered part of the job and are uncompensated by hazard pay. Building on previous feminist research explaining the devaluation of care work, this paper uses the most recent available data from the US Current P…
The Flip Side of Turnover
Scholars have explored the ways that conventional economic theory does not fully explain the distribution and characteristics of caring labor – the work, unpaid and paid, of caring for those who are young, elderly, or disabled. This paper explores a critical dimension of paid care – high turnover rates in the lowest-wage segment of the sector (including childcare, nursing homes, home health). Using longitudinal data from the 2008 Survey of Income…
Mass balance, accumulation dynamics and high-altitude warfare
Since 1984 the Indian and Pakistani armies have been locked in the world’s highest war on Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram Himalaya. This remote location is the world’s only nuclear trijunction as well as a source of drinking water for significant portions of India and Pakistan, and its possession is considered by both governments to be key to their national security. In the past, alpine battles were fought predominantly on glaciers with a precip…
Gender Inequality, Bargaining, and Pay in Care Services in the United States
The authors argue that paid providers of care services in the United States (in health, education, and social service industries) are less able than providers of business services to capture value-added or to extract rents because limited consumer sovereignty, incomplete information regarding quality, and large positive externalities reduce their relative market power. In addition, many care jobs enforce normative responsibility for others and re…
Cohort Differences in Occupational Retention among Computer Science Degree Holders
Although women's representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) employment has increased significantly over the past few decades, their presence remains low in fields like computer science. Using the National Science Foundation's Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), this paper assesses the factors shaping employment in STEM and non-STEM occupations among men and women with bachelor's degrees in co…
Earnings inequality and the expansion of care services in the United States, 1985–2019
Earnings in care services are lower than in other industries, particularly among professional and managerial employees, and are more compressed than in other industries. The growth of primarily female employment in care services since the 1980s has buffered overall increases in wage inequality while slowing convergence in the gender wage differential
Sociology (15 works) · Political science (14 works) · Economics (11 works) · Demographic economics (9 works) · Labour economics (8 works) · Wage (7 works) · Business (6 works) · Economic growth (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (6 works)