Fartein Ask Torvik
Biographic Data
| ID | 370281 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Fartein Ask Torvik |
| GIVEN NAMES | Fartein Ask |
| FAMILY NAME | Torvik |
| SIGNATURE | TORVIK F A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Norwegian Institute of Public Health |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3984-5978 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Parental income and psychiatric disorders from age 10 to 40: A genetically informative population study
BACKGROUND: Lower parental income is associated with more psychiatric disorders among offspring, but it is unclear if this association reflects effects of parental income (social causation) or shared risk factors (social selection). Prior research finds contradictory results, which may be due to age differences between the studied offspring. METHODS: Here, we studied psychiatric disorders in the entire Norwegian population aged 10 to 40 years bet…
Multivariate maternal effects across the internalizing–externalizing spectrum in childhood: Results from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study
BACKGROUND: From a functionalist perspective, parenting behaviors have adaptive functions and are partly expressions of genetic variation. Maternal genes that have effects on children are often referred to as indirect maternal genetic effects. Indirect genetic effects provide a means for measuring the role of parenting without the need for specifying the relevant parental behaviors. We studied indirect maternal genetic effects to address both the…
Development of Negative Emotionality in Mothers Across 18 Years: Does Relationship Breakup Matter
INTRODUCTION: Negative emotionality (NE) tends to decrease with age. However, we lack information about how divorce and other social role experiences predict long-term development of NE in women after the transition to parenthood. METHODS: The current study used data from an 18-year longitudinal study with eight data collection waves, including 823 mothers living with their child's father at baseline. Mixed models and Random Intercept Cross-Lagge…
Changing Landscapes of Parenthood: Childbearing Among Same‐Sex and Different‐Sex Couples in the Nordic Countries
The Nordic countries of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland were among the first countries to acknowledge same‐sex couples’ partnership and parenthood rights in their legislation. We explore trends over time in the share of female same‐sex and different‐sex couples that have children following their legal union and variation by socioeconomic status. Using harmonized register data, we assess couples’ likelihood of having a child over time, with a…
Fertility among Norwegian Women and Men with Mental Disorders
We analysed the associations between mental disorders and women’s and men’s first-, second- and third-birth rates in 2010–2018, using register data for the full Norwegian population. Having had at least one consultation for depression in primary or specialised health care in the calendar year before the preceding year was associated with lower birth rates. According to a simulation, the birth-rate reduction corresponds to a reduction in completed…
The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being
No evidence of positive causal effects of maternal and paternal age at first birth on children's test scores at age 10 years
Research has shown that higher maternal and paternal age is positively associated with children's education. Debate continues as to whether these relationships are causal. This is of great interest given the postponement of first births in almost all developed countries during the twentieth century. Here we use an instrumental variable approach (Mendelian randomization) using maternal and paternal polygenic indices (PGIs) for age at first birth-w…
Childhood personality and academic performance: A sibling fixed‐effects study
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations between personality traits at age 8 and academic performance between ages 10 and 14, controlling for family confounds. BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown links between children's personality traits and their school performance. However, we lack evidence on whether these associations remain after genetic and environmental confounders are accounted for. METHOD: Sibling data from the Norwegian Mot…
School performance and the social gradient in young adult death in Norway
Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction Across the Transition to Parenthood: Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
The purpose of the study was to describe trajectories of relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood, and identify predictors of these trajectories. This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers (N = 43,517) reported on their relationship satisfaction at five timepoints from 17 weeks gestation to 5 years postpartum, as well as sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral covariate…
How interactions between ADHD and schools affect educational achievement: A family‐based genetically sensitive study
BACKGROUND: Children with ADHD tend to achieve less than their peers in school. It is unknown whether schools moderate this association. Nonrandom selection of children into schools related to variations in their ADHD risk poses a methodological problem. METHODS: We linked data on ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity and parent-child ADHD polygenic scores (PGS) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) to achievem…
On the importance of parenting in externalizing disorders: An evaluation of indirect genetic effects in families
BACKGROUND: Theoretical models of the development of childhood externalizing disorders emphasize the role of parents. Empirical studies have not been able to identify specific aspects of parental behaviors explaining a considerable proportion of the observed individual differences in externalizing problems. The problem is complicated by the contribution of genetic factors to externalizing problems, as parents provide both genes and environments t…
Genetic and environmental contributions to co-occurring ADHD and emotional problems in school-aged children
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience co-occurring emotional problems. ADHD with this comorbidity is associated with poorer outcomes than ADHD without comorbidity. Better understanding of the etiology of comorbidity could improve prevention of negative outcomes for children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 567 twin pairs, 3,632 sibling pairs, and 2,340 cousin pairs from the Norwegian Mother, Father and C…
Mechanisms linking parental educational attainment with child ADHD, depression, and academic problems: A study of extended families in The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Low educational attainment in parents is associated with child psychopathology. It is not clear whether the associations are due to risk factors that family members share or due to effects of maternal or paternal education on the offspring. We investigate whether associations between maternal and paternal educational attainment and child symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and academic problems are…
Education differences in sickness absence and the role of health behaviors: A prospective twin study
The associations between educational attainment, health behaviors, and sickness absence seem to be confounded by unobserved familial factors shared by co-twins. However, the association between health behaviors and sickness absence was consistent with a causal effect among men in the older cohort. Future studies should consider familial confounding, as well as sex and age/cohort differences, when assessing associations between education, health b…
Mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders and later cause-specific sick leave in young adult employees
Mood and anxiety disorders constituted independent risk factors for all cause sick leave, whereas alcohol use disorders seemed to be of less importance in young adulthood. Disorders characterised by distress were most strongly associated with sick leave granted for mental disorders, whereas disorders characterised by fear primarily predicted sick leave granted for somatic conditions. A large part of all sick leave is related to specific phobia, d…
Health, health behaviors, and health dissimilarities predict divorce: Results from the Hunt study
Poor health and health behaviors are associated with divorce. This study investigates the degree to which six health indicators and health behaviors among husbands and wives are prospectively related to divorce, and whether spousal similarities in these factors are related to a reduced risk of marital dissolution. Theoretically, a reduced risk is possible, because spousal similarity can help the couple’s adaptive processes. The data come from a g…
Socioeconomic status and sick leave granted for mental and somatic disorders: A prospective study of young adult twins
Low SES is associated with a higher level of sick leave granted for both mental and somatic disorders among young adults, but these associations are confounded by factors that are common to co-twins. Education and income are therefore not likely to strongly affect sick leave in young adulthood
Mental distress predicts divorce over 16 years: The Hunt study
Our results suggest that mentally distressed individuals are selected out of marriage. We also found support for a couple-level effect in which spouse similarity in mental distress to a certain degree seems to protect against divorce
More mental health problems after divorce in couples with high pre-divorce alcohol consumption than in other divorced couples: Results from the Hunt-study
Divorce seems to affect couples where one or both drink heavily more than couples with a low consumption. Also there was some evidence of a slower healing of mental health problems after divorce in alcohol exposed couples than in other couples. The results only reached significance for female high consumers and their spouses, but due to limited statistical power, safe conclusions about gender specific effects cannot be drawn
Alcohol use and spousal mental distress in a population sample: The nord-trøndelag health study
The results of our study indicate that alcohol-related problems constitute a clear risk factor for spousal mental distress. On the other hand, a high consumption of alcohol per se was related to lower levels of spousal mental distress, after adjusting for the alcohol-related problems perceived by the alcohol consumer him/herself. All effect sizes were small, but the trends were clear, challenging the notion that a high consumption of alcohol is e…
Paternal and maternal alcohol abuse and offspring mental distress in the general population: The Nord-Trøndelag health study
The results indicate graver consequences for offspring of alcohol abusing mothers compared to offspring of alcohol abusing fathers. However, small effect sizes suggest that adolescent offspring of alcohol abusing parents in general manage quite well
Parental alcohol use and adolescent school adjustment in the general population: Results from the Hunt study
Parental alcohol abuse is an independent risk factor for attention and conduct problems at school. Some of the risk associated with mothers' drinking is likely to be mediated by adolescent mental distress. Despite lowered adjustment on the externalizing dimensions, children of alcohol abusers report that they enjoy being at school as much as other children
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Parental alcohol use and adolescent school adjustment in the general population: Results from the Hunt study
Parental alcohol abuse is an independent risk factor for attention and conduct problems at school. Some of the risk associated with mothers' drinking is likely to be mediated by adolescent mental distress. Despite lowered adjustment on the externalizing dimensions, children of alcohol abusers report that they enjoy being at school as much as other children
Paternal and maternal alcohol abuse and offspring mental distress in the general population: The Nord-Trøndelag health study
The results indicate graver consequences for offspring of alcohol abusing mothers compared to offspring of alcohol abusing fathers. However, small effect sizes suggest that adolescent offspring of alcohol abusing parents in general manage quite well
More mental health problems after divorce in couples with high pre-divorce alcohol consumption than in other divorced couples: Results from the Hunt-study
Divorce seems to affect couples where one or both drink heavily more than couples with a low consumption. Also there was some evidence of a slower healing of mental health problems after divorce in alcohol exposed couples than in other couples. The results only reached significance for female high consumers and their spouses, but due to limited statistical power, safe conclusions about gender specific effects cannot be drawn
Alcohol use and spousal mental distress in a population sample: The nord-trøndelag health study
The results of our study indicate that alcohol-related problems constitute a clear risk factor for spousal mental distress. On the other hand, a high consumption of alcohol per se was related to lower levels of spousal mental distress, after adjusting for the alcohol-related problems perceived by the alcohol consumer him/herself. All effect sizes were small, but the trends were clear, challenging the notion that a high consumption of alcohol is e…
Health, health behaviors, and health dissimilarities predict divorce: Results from the Hunt study
Poor health and health behaviors are associated with divorce. This study investigates the degree to which six health indicators and health behaviors among husbands and wives are prospectively related to divorce, and whether spousal similarities in these factors are related to a reduced risk of marital dissolution. Theoretically, a reduced risk is possible, because spousal similarity can help the couple’s adaptive processes. The data come from a g…
Socioeconomic status and sick leave granted for mental and somatic disorders: A prospective study of young adult twins
Low SES is associated with a higher level of sick leave granted for both mental and somatic disorders among young adults, but these associations are confounded by factors that are common to co-twins. Education and income are therefore not likely to strongly affect sick leave in young adulthood
Mental distress predicts divorce over 16 years: The Hunt study
Our results suggest that mentally distressed individuals are selected out of marriage. We also found support for a couple-level effect in which spouse similarity in mental distress to a certain degree seems to protect against divorce
Mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders and later cause-specific sick leave in young adult employees
Mood and anxiety disorders constituted independent risk factors for all cause sick leave, whereas alcohol use disorders seemed to be of less importance in young adulthood. Disorders characterised by distress were most strongly associated with sick leave granted for mental disorders, whereas disorders characterised by fear primarily predicted sick leave granted for somatic conditions. A large part of all sick leave is related to specific phobia, d…
Mechanisms linking parental educational attainment with child ADHD, depression, and academic problems: A study of extended families in The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Low educational attainment in parents is associated with child psychopathology. It is not clear whether the associations are due to risk factors that family members share or due to effects of maternal or paternal education on the offspring. We investigate whether associations between maternal and paternal educational attainment and child symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and academic problems are…
Education differences in sickness absence and the role of health behaviors: A prospective twin study
The associations between educational attainment, health behaviors, and sickness absence seem to be confounded by unobserved familial factors shared by co-twins. However, the association between health behaviors and sickness absence was consistent with a causal effect among men in the older cohort. Future studies should consider familial confounding, as well as sex and age/cohort differences, when assessing associations between education, health b…
Genetic and environmental contributions to co-occurring ADHD and emotional problems in school-aged children
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience co-occurring emotional problems. ADHD with this comorbidity is associated with poorer outcomes than ADHD without comorbidity. Better understanding of the etiology of comorbidity could improve prevention of negative outcomes for children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 567 twin pairs, 3,632 sibling pairs, and 2,340 cousin pairs from the Norwegian Mother, Father and C…
How interactions between ADHD and schools affect educational achievement: A family‐based genetically sensitive study
BACKGROUND: Children with ADHD tend to achieve less than their peers in school. It is unknown whether schools moderate this association. Nonrandom selection of children into schools related to variations in their ADHD risk poses a methodological problem. METHODS: We linked data on ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity and parent-child ADHD polygenic scores (PGS) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) to achievem…
On the importance of parenting in externalizing disorders: An evaluation of indirect genetic effects in families
BACKGROUND: Theoretical models of the development of childhood externalizing disorders emphasize the role of parents. Empirical studies have not been able to identify specific aspects of parental behaviors explaining a considerable proportion of the observed individual differences in externalizing problems. The problem is complicated by the contribution of genetic factors to externalizing problems, as parents provide both genes and environments t…
Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction Across the Transition to Parenthood: Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
The purpose of the study was to describe trajectories of relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood, and identify predictors of these trajectories. This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers (N = 43,517) reported on their relationship satisfaction at five timepoints from 17 weeks gestation to 5 years postpartum, as well as sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral covariate…
Childhood personality and academic performance: A sibling fixed‐effects study
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations between personality traits at age 8 and academic performance between ages 10 and 14, controlling for family confounds. BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown links between children's personality traits and their school performance. However, we lack evidence on whether these associations remain after genetic and environmental confounders are accounted for. METHOD: Sibling data from the Norwegian Mot…
School performance and the social gradient in young adult death in Norway
Changing Landscapes of Parenthood: Childbearing Among Same‐Sex and Different‐Sex Couples in the Nordic Countries
The Nordic countries of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland were among the first countries to acknowledge same‐sex couples’ partnership and parenthood rights in their legislation. We explore trends over time in the share of female same‐sex and different‐sex couples that have children following their legal union and variation by socioeconomic status. Using harmonized register data, we assess couples’ likelihood of having a child over time, with a…
Fertility among Norwegian Women and Men with Mental Disorders
We analysed the associations between mental disorders and women’s and men’s first-, second- and third-birth rates in 2010–2018, using register data for the full Norwegian population. Having had at least one consultation for depression in primary or specialised health care in the calendar year before the preceding year was associated with lower birth rates. According to a simulation, the birth-rate reduction corresponds to a reduction in completed…
The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being
No evidence of positive causal effects of maternal and paternal age at first birth on children's test scores at age 10 years
Research has shown that higher maternal and paternal age is positively associated with children's education. Debate continues as to whether these relationships are causal. This is of great interest given the postponement of first births in almost all developed countries during the twentieth century. Here we use an instrumental variable approach (Mendelian randomization) using maternal and paternal polygenic indices (PGIs) for age at first birth-w…
Parental income and psychiatric disorders from age 10 to 40: A genetically informative population study
BACKGROUND: Lower parental income is associated with more psychiatric disorders among offspring, but it is unclear if this association reflects effects of parental income (social causation) or shared risk factors (social selection). Prior research finds contradictory results, which may be due to age differences between the studied offspring. METHODS: Here, we studied psychiatric disorders in the entire Norwegian population aged 10 to 40 years bet…
Multivariate maternal effects across the internalizing–externalizing spectrum in childhood: Results from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study
BACKGROUND: From a functionalist perspective, parenting behaviors have adaptive functions and are partly expressions of genetic variation. Maternal genes that have effects on children are often referred to as indirect maternal genetic effects. Indirect genetic effects provide a means for measuring the role of parenting without the need for specifying the relevant parental behaviors. We studied indirect maternal genetic effects to address both the…
Development of Negative Emotionality in Mothers Across 18 Years: Does Relationship Breakup Matter
INTRODUCTION: Negative emotionality (NE) tends to decrease with age. However, we lack information about how divorce and other social role experiences predict long-term development of NE in women after the transition to parenthood. METHODS: The current study used data from an 18-year longitudinal study with eight data collection waves, including 823 mothers living with their child's father at baseline. Mixed models and Random Intercept Cross-Lagge…
Medicine (16 works) · Norwegian (12 works) · Psychiatry (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Mental health (9 works) · Demography (8 works) · Population (8 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works)