Krzysztof Wojtowicz
Biographic Data
| ID | 3706631 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Krzysztof Wojtowicz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Krzysztof |
| FAMILY NAME | Wojtowicz |
| SIGNATURE | WOJTOWICZ K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Warsaw |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1187-8762 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 7 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 11 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Probabilities of Conditionals via Labeled Markov Graphs
In the paper, we provide a general formalism for computing probabilities of indicative conditionals. Our model is based on the idea of constructing a (labeled) Markov graph G(α), which models the sentence α, containing an arbitrarily complex conditional (exhibiting in particular its structure). The formalism makes computing these probabilities an easy task—it consists of solving simple systems of linear equations. The graph G(α) generates a canon…
Deep and shallow conditionals – and three alleged counterexamples
We analyze three interesting arguments from the literature, where ascribing a probability of 1 to a certain right-nested conditional A→(B→C) leads to strong theses concerning conditionals: they serve as counterexamples to important general claims. The first is the classic and much discussed McGee’s counterexample to Modus Ponens from McGee [“A Counterexample to Modus Ponens.” The Journal of Philosophy 82 (9): 462–471]. The second example was give…
An inductive construction of a model for probabilities of complex conditionals
In the paper we discuss the problem of the probabilities of conditionals. We present a simple formal probabilistic model which allows one to give a natural interpretation to conditionals and to compute their probabilities. In order to achieve these aims, we define a hierarchy of languages and a corresponding hierarchy of probabilistic spaces suitable for interpreting the languages. The constructions are recursive in character. The mathematical to…
Stocktake of G20 countries’ climate pledges reveals limited macroeconomic costs and employment shifts
Reaching the Paris Agreement temperature targets requires a substantial increase in individual countries’ ambition to reduce GHG emissions. Research on the macroeconomic implications of global decarbonization pathways is limited, often focuses on the energy sector, and ignores shifts toward non-energy sectors, leading to concerns regarding unemployment and economic losses. We aim to analyze the mitigation options to bring emissions in line with a…
A graph model for probabilities of nested conditionals
We define a model for computing probabilities of right-nested conditionals in terms of graphs representing Markov chains. This is an extension of the model for simple conditionals from Wójtowicz and Wójtowicz (Erkenntnis, 1–35. 10.1007/s10670-019-00144-z , 2019). The model makes it possible to give a formal yet simple description of different interpretations of right-nested conditionals and to compute their probabilities in a mathematically rigor…
A comprehensive socio-economic assessment of EU climate policy pathways
The European Green Deal aims to put the EU on track towards climate neutrality by 2050. One of the key elements is a more stringent greenhouse gas emission reduction target of 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. We analyse the socio-economic consequences of alternative policy pathways to reach that target, either relying more on regulatory standards, on carbon pricing, or a mix of both. We develop a modelling framework that captures macro-economic and…
A metaphysical foundation for mathematical philosophy
Throwing spatial light
It is a well-known fact that mathematics plays a crucial role in physics; in fact, it is virtually impossible to imagine contemporary physics without it. But it is questionable whether mathematical concepts could ever play such a role in psychology or philosophy. In this paper, we set out to examine a rather unobvious example of the application of topology, in the form of the theory of persons proposed by Kurt Lewin in his Principles of Topologic…
Dutch Book against Lewis
According to the PCCP thesis, the probability of a conditional A → C is the conditional probability P( C | A ). This claim is undermined by Lewis’ triviality results, which purport to show that apart from trivial cases, PCCP is not true. In the present article we show that the only rational, “Dutch Book-resistant” extension of the agent’s beliefs concerning non-conditional sentences A and C to the conditional A → C is by assuming that P( A → C ) …
Object realism versus mathematical structuralism
In this article, two possible standpoints concerning the nature of mathematical entities are discussed: object realism (according to which the identity of mathematical objects is determined by their intrinsic properties); and structuralism (according to which it is determined only by their relations to other mathematical objects). I discuss some motivations that underlie the structuralist view of mathematical entities, and indicate some philosoph…
Non-Military Security Issues in Central Europe
The socio-political situation in Central Europe in the years after the fall of communism shows a sharp break from that system, but the region is not yet characterized by fully-formed and mature liberal democracies. These countries are still undergoing a phase of transition. At the heart of non-military security issues in Central Europe are problems that are new for these societies, and this novelty makes the problems especially challenging. There…
A comprehensive socio-economic assessment of EU climate policy pathways
The European Green Deal aims to put the EU on track towards climate neutrality by 2050. One of the key elements is a more stringent greenhouse gas emission reduction target of 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. We analyse the socio-economic consequences of alternative policy pathways to reach that target, either relying more on regulatory standards, on carbon pricing, or a mix of both. We develop a modelling framework that captures macro-economic and…
A metaphysical foundation for mathematical philosophy
Dutch Book against Lewis
According to the PCCP thesis, the probability of a conditional A → C is the conditional probability P( C | A ). This claim is undermined by Lewis’ triviality results, which purport to show that apart from trivial cases, PCCP is not true. In the present article we show that the only rational, “Dutch Book-resistant” extension of the agent’s beliefs concerning non-conditional sentences A and C to the conditional A → C is by assuming that P( A → C ) …
Non-Military Security Issues in Central Europe
The socio-political situation in Central Europe in the years after the fall of communism shows a sharp break from that system, but the region is not yet characterized by fully-formed and mature liberal democracies. These countries are still undergoing a phase of transition. At the heart of non-military security issues in Central Europe are problems that are new for these societies, and this novelty makes the problems especially challenging. There…
Object realism versus mathematical structuralism
In this article, two possible standpoints concerning the nature of mathematical entities are discussed: object realism (according to which the identity of mathematical objects is determined by their intrinsic properties); and structuralism (according to which it is determined only by their relations to other mathematical objects). I discuss some motivations that underlie the structuralist view of mathematical entities, and indicate some philosoph…
Throwing spatial light
It is a well-known fact that mathematics plays a crucial role in physics; in fact, it is virtually impossible to imagine contemporary physics without it. But it is questionable whether mathematical concepts could ever play such a role in psychology or philosophy. In this paper, we set out to examine a rather unobvious example of the application of topology, in the form of the theory of persons proposed by Kurt Lewin in his Principles of Topologic…
Dutch Book against Lewis
According to the PCCP thesis, the probability of a conditional A → C is the conditional probability P( C | A ). This claim is undermined by Lewis’ triviality results, which purport to show that apart from trivial cases, PCCP is not true. In the present article we show that the only rational, “Dutch Book-resistant” extension of the agent’s beliefs concerning non-conditional sentences A and C to the conditional A → C is by assuming that P( A → C ) …
A graph model for probabilities of nested conditionals
We define a model for computing probabilities of right-nested conditionals in terms of graphs representing Markov chains. This is an extension of the model for simple conditionals from Wójtowicz and Wójtowicz (Erkenntnis, 1–35. 10.1007/s10670-019-00144-z , 2019). The model makes it possible to give a formal yet simple description of different interpretations of right-nested conditionals and to compute their probabilities in a mathematically rigor…
A comprehensive socio-economic assessment of EU climate policy pathways
The European Green Deal aims to put the EU on track towards climate neutrality by 2050. One of the key elements is a more stringent greenhouse gas emission reduction target of 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. We analyse the socio-economic consequences of alternative policy pathways to reach that target, either relying more on regulatory standards, on carbon pricing, or a mix of both. We develop a modelling framework that captures macro-economic and…
A metaphysical foundation for mathematical philosophy
Stocktake of G20 countries’ climate pledges reveals limited macroeconomic costs and employment shifts
Reaching the Paris Agreement temperature targets requires a substantial increase in individual countries’ ambition to reduce GHG emissions. Research on the macroeconomic implications of global decarbonization pathways is limited, often focuses on the energy sector, and ignores shifts toward non-energy sectors, leading to concerns regarding unemployment and economic losses. We aim to analyze the mitigation options to bring emissions in line with a…
Deep and shallow conditionals – and three alleged counterexamples
We analyze three interesting arguments from the literature, where ascribing a probability of 1 to a certain right-nested conditional A→(B→C) leads to strong theses concerning conditionals: they serve as counterexamples to important general claims. The first is the classic and much discussed McGee’s counterexample to Modus Ponens from McGee [“A Counterexample to Modus Ponens.” The Journal of Philosophy 82 (9): 462–471]. The second example was give…
An inductive construction of a model for probabilities of complex conditionals
In the paper we discuss the problem of the probabilities of conditionals. We present a simple formal probabilistic model which allows one to give a natural interpretation to conditionals and to compute their probabilities. In order to achieve these aims, we define a hierarchy of languages and a corresponding hierarchy of probabilistic spaces suitable for interpreting the languages. The constructions are recursive in character. The mathematical to…
Probabilities of Conditionals via Labeled Markov Graphs
In the paper, we provide a general formalism for computing probabilities of indicative conditionals. Our model is based on the idea of constructing a (labeled) Markov graph G(α), which models the sentence α, containing an arbitrarily complex conditional (exhibiting in particular its structure). The formalism makes computing these probabilities an easy task—it consists of solving simple systems of linear equations. The graph G(α) generates a canon…
Epistemology (7 works) · Philosophy (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Mathematics (6 works) · Metaphysics (5 works) · Philosophy and History of Science (4 works) · Philosophy and Theoretical Science (4 works) · Philosophy of language (4 works) · Artificial Intelligence (3 works) · Economics (3 works)