Çağlar Özden
Biographic Data
| ID | 3710257 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Çağlar Özden |
| GIVEN NAMES | Çağlar |
| FAMILY NAME | Özden |
| SIGNATURE | ÖZDEN C |
| AFFILIATIONS | World Bank |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 316 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Capital Markets, Temporary Migration and Entrepreneurship
Temporary migration for long-term investment
Impacts of Temporary Migration on Development in Origin Countries
Temporary migration is widespread globally. While the literature has traditionally focused on the impacts of permanent migration on destination countries, evidence on the effects of temporary migration on origin countries has grown over the past decade. This paper highlights that the economic development impacts, especially on low- and middle-income origin countries, are complex, dynamic, context-specific, and multichanneled. The paper identifies…
Foreword by the Guest Editors
Institutional Voids, Capital Markets and Temporary Migration
Limited access to credit due to \n poorly functioning institutions is a key constraint to \n business creation. This paper examines the role played by \n temporary migration in addressing the institutional void of \n limited access to loans by aspiring entrepreneurs. Using \n rich data from one of the major migrant-sending countries \n globally, Bangladesh, it provides evidence on how migration \n is employed as a common intermediate step to accu…
Impacts of Temporary Migration on Development in Origin Countries
Temporary migration is widespread \n globally. While the literature has traditionally focused on \n the impacts of permanent migration on destination countries, \n evidence on the effects of temporary migration on origin \n countries has grown over the past decade. This paper \n highlights that the economic development impacts, especially \n on low- and middle-income origin countries are complex, \n dynamic, context-specific and multi-channeled. …
Occupational Hazards
This paper investigates the economic and health risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic for migrant workers in the European Union. It first assesses migrants’ economic and health vulnerabilities using ex ante measures based on both supply and demand shocks. The analysis finds that immigrants were more vulnerable than native-born workers to both income- and health-related risks, and that this greater exposure stems from the occupations in which m…
Temporary Migration for Long-Term Investment
In the presence of credit constraints, \n temporary migration abroad provides an effective strategy \n for workers to accumulate savings to finance self-employment \n when they return home. This paper provides direct evidence \n of this link and its effects on workers’ employment \n trajectories by using a new, large-scale survey of temporary \n migrants from Bangladesh. It constructs and estimates a \n dynamic model that establishes connections …
Segregation and internal mobility of Syrian refugees in Turkey
Do Immigrants Push Natives towards Safer Jobs ? Exposure to Covid-19 in the European Union
This paper investigates the relationship between immigration and the exposure of native workers to the health and labor-market risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Using various measures of occupational risks based on European Union labor force survey data, the paper finds that immigrant workers, especially those from lower-income member countries in Eastern Europe or from outside the EU, face greater exposure than their native-born peers to…
Who on Earth can Work from Home
This paper presents new estimates of the share of jobs that can be performed from home. The analysis is based on the task content of occupations, their information and communications technology requirements, and the availability of internet access by country and income groupings. Globally, one of every five jobs can be performed from home. The ability to telework is correlated with income. In low-income countries, only one of every 26 jobs can be…
Integration of Syrian Refugees
How and Why Does Immigration Affect Crime? Evidence from Malaysia
Labor Market Effects of Demographic Shifts and Migration in OECD Countries
The labor force of each industrial country is being shaped by three forces: ageing, education and migration. Drawing on a new database for the OECD countries and a standard analytical framework, this paper focuses on the relative and aggregate effects of these three forces on wages across different skill and age groups over 2000 to 2010. The variation in the age and educational structure of the labor force emerges as the dominant influence on wag…
Internal borders and migration in India
Internal mobility is a critical component of economic growth and development, as it enables the reallocation of labor to more productive opportunities across sectors and regions. Using detailed district-to-district migration data from the 2001 Census of India, the article highlights the role of state borders as significant impediments to internal mobility. The analysis finds that average migration between neighboring districts in the same state i…
Transit Migration
The paths of many migrants include multiple destinations and transit routes, yet this pattern is almost never reflected in empirical analyses. For example, 9% of recent immigrants to the US arrived from a transit country as opposed to the one they were born in. Among those arriving from many OECD countries, transit migration ratio exceeds 30%. To explain these patterns, we construct a dynamic model of global migration that allows transit migratio…
Cross‐country Perspectives on Migration and Development
International audience
Internal Borders and Migration in India
Internal mobility is a critical component of economic growth and development, as it enables the reallocation of labor to more productive opportunities across sectors and regions. Using detailed district-to-district migration data from the 2001 Census of India, the paper highlights the role of state borders as significant impediments to internal mobility. The analysis finds that average migration between neighboring districts in the same state is …
Global Migration of Talent and Tax Incentives
This paper presents the first evidence on the efficacy of a major program designed to encourage the return migration of high-skilled individuals. The Malaysian Returning Expert Program targets high-skilled Malaysians abroad and provides them with tax incentives to return. At several eligibility thresholds, the probability of acceptance into the program increases discontinuously. Using administrative data on applicants, the analysis is able to ide…
Global Talent Flows
Highly skilled workers play a central and starring role in today's knowledge economy. Talented individuals make exceptional direct contributions-including breakthrough innovations and scientific discoveries-and coordinate and guide the actions of many others, propelling the knowledge frontier and spurring economic growth. In this process, the mobility of skilled workers becomes critical to enhancing productivity. Substantial attention has been pa…
Informing Migration Policies
Researchers in many fields, such as demography, economics, and sociology, have established various data collection methodologies and principles to answer a range of academic and policy questions on migration. Although the progress has been impressive, some basic challenges remain. This paper addresses some basic, yet fundamental, questions on identification of international migrants and how their various demographic, personal, and human capital c…
A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility
Discussions of high-skilled mobility typically evoke migration patterns from poorer to wealthier countries, which ignore movements to and between developing countries. This paper presents, for the first time, a global overview of human capital mobility through bilateral migration stocks by gender and education in 1990 and 2000, and calculation of nuanced brain drain indicators. Building on newly collated data, the paper uses a novel estimation pr…
Immigrant versus Natives? Displacement and Job Creation
The impact of immigration on native workers is driven by two countervailing forces: the degree of substitutability between natives and immigrants, and the increased demand for native workers as immigrants reduce the cost of production and output expands. The literature so far has focused on the former substitution effect, while ignoring the latter scale effect. This paper estimates both of these effects using labor force survey data from Malaysia…
Reprint of
Migration and Development Research is Moving Far Beyond Remittances
Diasporas
Brain waste? Educated immigrants in the US labor market
A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility
The Labour Market Effects of Immigration and Emigration in OECD Countries
In this paper, we quantify the labor market effects of migration flows in OECD countries during the 1990's based on a new global database on the bilateral stock of migrants, by education level. We simulate various outcomes using an aggregate model of labor markets, parameterized by a range of estimates from the literature. We find that immigration had a positive effect on the wages of less educated natives and it increased or left unchanged the a…
Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment
Global Talent Flows
Highly skilled workers play a central and starring role in today's knowledge economy. Talented individuals make exceptional direct contributions-including breakthrough innovations and scientific discoveries-and coordinate and guide the actions of many others, propelling the knowledge frontier and spurring economic growth. In this process, the mobility of skilled workers becomes critical to enhancing productivity. Substantial attention has been pa…
Migration and Development Research is Moving Far Beyond Remittances
The perversity of preferences
Reprint of
Segregation and internal mobility of Syrian refugees in Turkey
Transit Migration
The paths of many migrants include multiple destinations and transit routes, yet this pattern is almost never reflected in empirical analyses. For example, 9% of recent immigrants to the US arrived from a transit country as opposed to the one they were born in. Among those arriving from many OECD countries, transit migration ratio exceeds 30%. To explain these patterns, we construct a dynamic model of global migration that allows transit migratio…
Capital Markets, Temporary Migration and Entrepreneurship
Internal borders and migration in India
Internal mobility is a critical component of economic growth and development, as it enables the reallocation of labor to more productive opportunities across sectors and regions. Using detailed district-to-district migration data from the 2001 Census of India, the article highlights the role of state borders as significant impediments to internal mobility. The analysis finds that average migration between neighboring districts in the same state i…
The Euro–Mediterranean Partnership
This article discusses options to facilitate movement of workers between high‐income and developing countries within the framework of trade agreements, focusing on the European Union's partnership agreements with neighbouring countries. Existing frameworks for co‐operation offer the possibility of expanding temporary rather than longer‐term or permanent movement of workers since extant trade agreements provide scope for negotiating specific marke…
Cross‐country Perspectives on Migration and Development
International audience
International Dimensions of Competition Policies
Les liens entre commerce et certaines politiques nationales attirent de plus en plus l’attention au fur et à mesure que les économies nationales deviennent plus intégrées. La principale raison est la facilité croissante des transmissions d’externalités, causées par les politiques nationales, des partenaires commerciaux lorsque les barrières au commerce diminuent. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les politiques de concurrence et d’analyser …
Brain Waste? Educated Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market
The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and in…
International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain
Knowledge of the economic effects of migration, especially its impact on economic development, is rather limited. In order to expand knowledge on migration, and identify policies and reforms that would lead to superior development outcomes, this volume presents the results of a first set of studies carried out on the subject. Current demographic trends in both developed and developing countries are pointing toward significant, potential economic …
The perversity of preferences
International Dimensions of Competition Policies
Les liens entre commerce et certaines politiques nationales attirent de plus en plus l’attention au fur et à mesure que les économies nationales deviennent plus intégrées. La principale raison est la facilité croissante des transmissions d’externalités, causées par les politiques nationales, des partenaires commerciaux lorsque les barrières au commerce diminuent. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les politiques de concurrence et d’analyser …
Migration And Remittances
The paper empirically examines the determinants of remittance flows at the cross-country level. It considers, among other things, the significance of the level of migration, the education level of migrants and financial sector development in determining remittances. Given the potential endogeneity problems, the migration and financial development variables are instrumented in the estimation. The migration level is found to be the main driver of r…
Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment
International Migration, Economic Development & Policy
This volume reflects the expansion of the World Bank Research Program on International Migration and Development into new substantive and geographic areas. It presents a new global migration database and includes studies of the determinants and impact of return and circular migration, the impact of the flow of ideas on fertility, host country policies and their impact on immigrants, and the impact of international migration and remittances on pov…
Brain waste? Educated immigrants in the US labor market
Remittances and Development
Workers' remittances have become a major source of financing for developing countries and are especially important in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is at the top of the ranking of remittance receiving regions in the world. While there has been a recent surge in analytical work on the topic, this book is motivated by the large heterogeneity in migration and remittance patterns across countries and regions, and by the fact that existing ev…
Diasporas
The Euro–Mediterranean Partnership
This article discusses options to facilitate movement of workers between high‐income and developing countries within the framework of trade agreements, focusing on the European Union's partnership agreements with neighbouring countries. Existing frameworks for co‐operation offer the possibility of expanding temporary rather than longer‐term or permanent movement of workers since extant trade agreements provide scope for negotiating specific marke…
Where on Earth is Everybody? The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960-2000
Global matrices of bilateral migrant stocks spanning 1960 2000 are presented, disaggregated by gender and based primarily on the foreign-born definition of migrants. More than one thousand census and population register records are combined to construct decennial matrices corresponding to the five census rounds between 1960 and 2000. For the first time, a comprehensive picture of bilateral global migration over the second half of the 20th century…
The wage effects of immigration and emigration
Immigrants in Rome or Paris are more visible to the public eye than the Italian or French engineers in Silicon Valley, especially when it comes to the debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and wages of natives in high-income countries. This paper argues that such public fears, especially in European countries are misplaced; instead, more concern should be directed towards emigration. Using a new dataset on migration flows by educ…
Leveraging Migration for Africa
International migration has profound implications for human welfare, and African governments have had only a limited influence on welfare outcomes, for good or ill. Improved efforts to manage migration will require information on the nature and impact of migratory patterns. This book seeks to contribute toward this goal, by reviewing previous research and providing new analyses (including surveys and case studies) as well as by formulating policy…
Where on Earth is Everybody? The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960–2000
Global matrices of bilateral migrant stocks spanning 1960–2000 are presented, disaggregated by gender and based primarily on the foreign-born definition of migrants. More than one thousand census and population register records are combined to construct decennial matrices corresponding to the five census rounds between 1960 and 2000. For the first time, a comprehensive picture of bilateral global migration over the second half of the 20th century…
Performance of Skilled Migrants in the U.S.
The initial occupational placements of male immigrants in the United States labor market vary significantly by country of origin even when education and other individual factors are taken into account. Does the heterogeneity persist over time? Using data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses, this paper finds that the performance of migrants from countries with lower initial occupational placement levels improves at a higher rate compared with t…
Informing Migration Policies
Researchers in many fields, such as demography, economics, and sociology, have established various data collection methodologies and principles to answer a range of academic and policy questions on migration. Although the progress has been impressive, some basic challenges remain. This paper addresses some basic, yet fundamental, questions on identification of international migrants and how their various demographic, personal, and human capital c…
A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility
Discussions of high-skilled mobility typically evoke migration patterns from poorer to wealthier countries, which ignore movements to and between developing countries. This paper presents, for the first time, a global overview of human capital mobility through bilateral migration stocks by gender and education in 1990 and 2000, and calculation of nuanced brain drain indicators. Building on newly collated data, the paper uses a novel estimation pr…
Immigrant versus Natives? Displacement and Job Creation
The impact of immigration on native workers is driven by two countervailing forces: the degree of substitutability between natives and immigrants, and the increased demand for native workers as immigrants reduce the cost of production and output expands. The literature so far has focused on the former substitution effect, while ignoring the latter scale effect. This paper estimates both of these effects using labor force survey data from Malaysia…
Reprint of
Migration and Development Research is Moving Far Beyond Remittances
A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility
The Labour Market Effects of Immigration and Emigration in OECD Countries
In this paper, we quantify the labor market effects of migration flows in OECD countries during the 1990's based on a new global database on the bilateral stock of migrants, by education level. We simulate various outcomes using an aggregate model of labor markets, parameterized by a range of estimates from the literature. We find that immigration had a positive effect on the wages of less educated natives and it increased or left unchanged the a…
Global Migration of Talent and Tax Incentives
This paper presents the first evidence on the efficacy of a major program designed to encourage the return migration of high-skilled individuals. The Malaysian Returning Expert Program targets high-skilled Malaysians abroad and provides them with tax incentives to return. At several eligibility thresholds, the probability of acceptance into the program increases discontinuously. Using administrative data on applicants, the analysis is able to ide…
Global Talent Flows
Highly skilled workers play a central and starring role in today's knowledge economy. Talented individuals make exceptional direct contributions-including breakthrough innovations and scientific discoveries-and coordinate and guide the actions of many others, propelling the knowledge frontier and spurring economic growth. In this process, the mobility of skilled workers becomes critical to enhancing productivity. Substantial attention has been pa…
Migration and Labor Dynamics (37 works) · Economics (34 works) · Geography (21 works) · Political science (19 works) · Business (18 works) · Demographic economics (17 works) · Economic growth (16 works) · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy (15 works) · Economic geography (12 works) · Computer Science (11 works)