Marta Fraile
Biographic Data
| ID | 371292 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marta Fraile |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marta |
| FAMILY NAME | Fraile |
| SIGNATURE | FRAILE M |
| AFFILIATIONS | CSIC |
| ORCID | 0009-0008-0056-2130 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 469 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Measuring sexism and gender attitudes in Round 11 of the European Social Survey
This article introduces the new module Gender in Contemporary Europe: Rethinking Equality and the Backlash developed for Round 11 of the European Social Survey (ESS). The module represents the first large-scale, cross-national effort to comprehensively map contemporary gender attitudes using both established and innovative measures. It captures five interrelated contemporary concepts that have rarely been included in prior cross-national surveys …
Adult roles and the gender gap in political knowledge: A Comparative Study
The unusual size and persistence of the gender gap in political knowledge is perplexing in comparison to other dimensions of politics. Building on situational explanations of political engagement, this article claims that women’s and men’s specific adult roles lead to an enlargement of the gender gap in knowledge. The present study analyses men and women’s levels of political knowledge at different life stages by means of two unique datasets spec…
Economic and Cultural Drivers of Immigrant Support Worldwide
Employing a comparative experimental design drawing on over 18,000 interviews across eleven countries on four continents, this article revisits the discussion about the economic and cultural drivers of attitudes towards immigrants in advanced democracies. Experiments manipulate the occupational status, skin tone and national origin of immigrants in short vignettes. The results are most consistent with a Sociotropic Economic Threat thesis: In all …
Is It Simply Gender? Content, Format, and Time in Political Knowledge Measures
Theories of democracy commonly assume that citizens must have a certain degree of information and factual knowledge to be able to understand the functioning of institutions, the performance of the incumbent government, and the actions of the main political actors. Political knowledge helps people to better assess their interest as individuals and as members of groups (Delli Carpini and Keeter 1996). Moreover, governments have more incentives to b…
Bridging the enduring gender gap in political interest in Europe: The relevance of promoting gender equality
Notwithstanding the improvement in gender equality in political power and resources in European democracies, this study shows that, on average, declared interest in politics is 16 per cent lower for women than for men in Europe. This gap remains even after controlling for differences in men's and women's educational attainment, material and cognitive resources. Drawing on the newly developed European Institute for Gender Equality's (EIGE) Gender …
Why Does Alejandro Know More about Politics than Catalina? Explaining the Latin American Gender Gap in Political Knowledge
This article tests contextual and individual-level explanations of the gender gap in political knowledge in Latin American countries. It suggests that this gap is impacted by political and economic settings through two interrelated mechanisms: gender accessibility (that is, the extent of available opportunities for women to influence the political agenda) and gender-bias signaling (that is, the extent to which women play important roles in the pu…
The Gender Gap in Political Knowledge: Is It All About Guessing? An Experimental Approach
This article analyzes the extent to which the format and the "Do not know" (DK) protocol of political knowledge questions influence the size of the gender gap. By using a set of experiments that manipulated the DK protocol and the format (open vs. closed ended) of political knowledge questions in a face-to-face representative survey of the Spanish population, we show that the format of the questions (open vs. closed ended) is not relevant in expl…
Young and Gapped? Political Knowledge of Girls and Boys in Europe
This article aims at exploring the gender gap in levels of political knowledge, with a focus on lower secondary school students in Europe. Using the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2009 (ICCS), we find that boys outperform girls when asked about facts, but girls demonstrate greater knowledge when asked to reason about a particular political matter. Part of the gender gap in political knowledge among adolescents appears to be a…
Correspondence between the Objective and Subjective Economies: The Role of Personal Economic Circumstances
The impact of sociotropic economic satisfaction on the vote has been thoroughly analysed. However, knowledge about how citizens acquire information about the economy and the degree of correspondence between objective macroeconomic changes and citizens' subjective economic perceptions is much more limited. While the effect of partisan rationalisation has recently received some attention, the role of objective personal economic conditions in assess…
Economic vote instability: Endogeneity or restricted variance? Spanish panel evidence from 2008 and 2011
While the economic vote exists in Western democracies, the question of its stability remains a subject of controversy. This article focuses on two possible factors behind the instability observed: the endogeneity problem and the restricted variance problem. The former concerns the influence of partisan thinking on economic perception, while the latter concerns the influence of economic crisis, when virtually all voters may perceive a bad economy.…
Does deliberation contribute to decreasing the gender gap in knowledge
This article tests the role of deliberation in potentially reducing the gender gap in knowledge. It compares gender differences in knowledge of both participants and non-participants before and after the Europolis deliberative event took place by making use of the difference in difference estimation method. Findings show that deliberation increases the political knowledge of participants (especially women) suggesting that it contributes to reduci…
Political consumerism and the decline of class politics in Western Europe
This article examines whether social class influences the likelihood of engaging in political consumerism in Western Europe. Political consumption is the intentional buying or abstention from buying (boycotting) specific products for political, ethical, or ecological reasons. The interest in analyzing political consumerism lies in substantive and theoretical reasons. First, it is a widespread but not very adequately studied form of noninstitution…
Do information-rich contexts reduce knowledge inequalities? The contextual determinants of political knowledge in Europe
Multi-dimensional economic voting in Spain: The 2008 election
Economic and elections in Spain (1982-2008): Cross-measures, cross-time
The retrospective voter in Spain during the 1990s
Economic voting in Spain: A 2000 panel test
La influencia del conocimiento político en las decisiones de voto (The Influence of Political Knowledge in Voting Decisions)
This paper discusses and compares two kinds of logic that explain electoral behaviour: the performance vote and the ideological vote. To be exact, this paper puts one of the main hypotheses of both theories to the test: that the rules guiding citizens' voting decisions are the same, regardless of their level of interest, knowledge and information about political matters. In order to do this, empirical material taken from post-electoral surveys in…
Explaining the Determinants of Public Support for Cuts in Unemployment Benefits Spending across OECD Countries
This article analyses comparative data for the last half of the 1990s to investigate the determinants of individual and cross-national variation in public support for cuts in unemployment benefits spending. The authors consider public opinion on unemployment benefits retrenchment as a product not only of individual-level characteristics but also of national-level features. With few exceptions, the latter features have been limited by previous stu…
The Politics of Unemployment: The Spanish Experience in Comparative Perspective
This paper will defend two related theses. The first is that, if certain institutional \nconditions are absent, economic policies will have unanticipated consequences that will \ncontradict the interests of the government and its support coalition. To quote Scharpf (1991: \n161), “to be successful, an economic strategy must satisfy two requirements. It must be \nappropriate to the (constantly changing) economic conditions that actually obtain, an…
Regional decentralisation of health policy in Spain: Social capital does not tell the whole story
1998). Regional decentralisation of health policy in Spain: Social capital does not tell the whole story. West European Politics: Vol. 21, Politics and Policy in Democratic Spain: No Longer Different?, pp. 180-199
Economic and Cultural Drivers of Immigrant Support Worldwide
Employing a comparative experimental design drawing on over 18,000 interviews across eleven countries on four continents, this article revisits the discussion about the economic and cultural drivers of attitudes towards immigrants in advanced democracies. Experiments manipulate the occupational status, skin tone and national origin of immigrants in short vignettes. The results are most consistent with a Sociotropic Economic Threat thesis: In all …
Bridging the enduring gender gap in political interest in Europe: The relevance of promoting gender equality
Notwithstanding the improvement in gender equality in political power and resources in European democracies, this study shows that, on average, declared interest in politics is 16 per cent lower for women than for men in Europe. This gap remains even after controlling for differences in men's and women's educational attainment, material and cognitive resources. Drawing on the newly developed European Institute for Gender Equality's (EIGE) Gender …
Why Does Alejandro Know More about Politics than Catalina? Explaining the Latin American Gender Gap in Political Knowledge
This article tests contextual and individual-level explanations of the gender gap in political knowledge in Latin American countries. It suggests that this gap is impacted by political and economic settings through two interrelated mechanisms: gender accessibility (that is, the extent of available opportunities for women to influence the political agenda) and gender-bias signaling (that is, the extent to which women play important roles in the pu…
Economic vote instability: Endogeneity or restricted variance? Spanish panel evidence from 2008 and 2011
While the economic vote exists in Western democracies, the question of its stability remains a subject of controversy. This article focuses on two possible factors behind the instability observed: the endogeneity problem and the restricted variance problem. The former concerns the influence of partisan thinking on economic perception, while the latter concerns the influence of economic crisis, when virtually all voters may perceive a bad economy.…
Do information-rich contexts reduce knowledge inequalities? The contextual determinants of political knowledge in Europe
Economic voting in Spain: A 2000 panel test
Is It Simply Gender? Content, Format, and Time in Political Knowledge Measures
Theories of democracy commonly assume that citizens must have a certain degree of information and factual knowledge to be able to understand the functioning of institutions, the performance of the incumbent government, and the actions of the main political actors. Political knowledge helps people to better assess their interest as individuals and as members of groups (Delli Carpini and Keeter 1996). Moreover, governments have more incentives to b…
Young and Gapped? Political Knowledge of Girls and Boys in Europe
This article aims at exploring the gender gap in levels of political knowledge, with a focus on lower secondary school students in Europe. Using the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2009 (ICCS), we find that boys outperform girls when asked about facts, but girls demonstrate greater knowledge when asked to reason about a particular political matter. Part of the gender gap in political knowledge among adolescents appears to be a…
Economic and elections in Spain (1982-2008): Cross-measures, cross-time
Explaining the Determinants of Public Support for Cuts in Unemployment Benefits Spending across OECD Countries
This article analyses comparative data for the last half of the 1990s to investigate the determinants of individual and cross-national variation in public support for cuts in unemployment benefits spending. The authors consider public opinion on unemployment benefits retrenchment as a product not only of individual-level characteristics but also of national-level features. With few exceptions, the latter features have been limited by previous stu…
Adult roles and the gender gap in political knowledge: A Comparative Study
The unusual size and persistence of the gender gap in political knowledge is perplexing in comparison to other dimensions of politics. Building on situational explanations of political engagement, this article claims that women’s and men’s specific adult roles lead to an enlargement of the gender gap in knowledge. The present study analyses men and women’s levels of political knowledge at different life stages by means of two unique datasets spec…
Correspondence between the Objective and Subjective Economies: The Role of Personal Economic Circumstances
The impact of sociotropic economic satisfaction on the vote has been thoroughly analysed. However, knowledge about how citizens acquire information about the economy and the degree of correspondence between objective macroeconomic changes and citizens' subjective economic perceptions is much more limited. While the effect of partisan rationalisation has recently received some attention, the role of objective personal economic conditions in assess…
Does deliberation contribute to decreasing the gender gap in knowledge
This article tests the role of deliberation in potentially reducing the gender gap in knowledge. It compares gender differences in knowledge of both participants and non-participants before and after the Europolis deliberative event took place by making use of the difference in difference estimation method. Findings show that deliberation increases the political knowledge of participants (especially women) suggesting that it contributes to reduci…
Multi-dimensional economic voting in Spain: The 2008 election
Regional decentralisation of health policy in Spain: Social capital does not tell the whole story
1998). Regional decentralisation of health policy in Spain: Social capital does not tell the whole story. West European Politics: Vol. 21, Politics and Policy in Democratic Spain: No Longer Different?, pp. 180-199
Political consumerism and the decline of class politics in Western Europe
This article examines whether social class influences the likelihood of engaging in political consumerism in Western Europe. Political consumption is the intentional buying or abstention from buying (boycotting) specific products for political, ethical, or ecological reasons. The interest in analyzing political consumerism lies in substantive and theoretical reasons. First, it is a widespread but not very adequately studied form of noninstitution…
La influencia del conocimiento político en las decisiones de voto (The Influence of Political Knowledge in Voting Decisions)
This paper discusses and compares two kinds of logic that explain electoral behaviour: the performance vote and the ideological vote. To be exact, this paper puts one of the main hypotheses of both theories to the test: that the rules guiding citizens' voting decisions are the same, regardless of their level of interest, knowledge and information about political matters. In order to do this, empirical material taken from post-electoral surveys in…
The Gender Gap in Political Knowledge: Is It All About Guessing? An Experimental Approach
This article analyzes the extent to which the format and the "Do not know" (DK) protocol of political knowledge questions influence the size of the gender gap. By using a set of experiments that manipulated the DK protocol and the format (open vs. closed ended) of political knowledge questions in a face-to-face representative survey of the Spanish population, we show that the format of the questions (open vs. closed ended) is not relevant in expl…
Regional decentralisation of health policy in Spain: Social capital does not tell the whole story
1998). Regional decentralisation of health policy in Spain: Social capital does not tell the whole story. West European Politics: Vol. 21, Politics and Policy in Democratic Spain: No Longer Different?, pp. 180-199
The Politics of Unemployment: The Spanish Experience in Comparative Perspective
This paper will defend two related theses. The first is that, if certain institutional \nconditions are absent, economic policies will have unanticipated consequences that will \ncontradict the interests of the government and its support coalition. To quote Scharpf (1991: \n161), “to be successful, an economic strategy must satisfy two requirements. It must be \nappropriate to the (constantly changing) economic conditions that actually obtain, an…
Explaining the Determinants of Public Support for Cuts in Unemployment Benefits Spending across OECD Countries
This article analyses comparative data for the last half of the 1990s to investigate the determinants of individual and cross-national variation in public support for cuts in unemployment benefits spending. The authors consider public opinion on unemployment benefits retrenchment as a product not only of individual-level characteristics but also of national-level features. With few exceptions, the latter features have been limited by previous stu…
La influencia del conocimiento político en las decisiones de voto (The Influence of Political Knowledge in Voting Decisions)
This paper discusses and compares two kinds of logic that explain electoral behaviour: the performance vote and the ideological vote. To be exact, this paper puts one of the main hypotheses of both theories to the test: that the rules guiding citizens' voting decisions are the same, regardless of their level of interest, knowledge and information about political matters. In order to do this, empirical material taken from post-electoral surveys in…
The retrospective voter in Spain during the 1990s
Economic voting in Spain: A 2000 panel test
Economic and elections in Spain (1982-2008): Cross-measures, cross-time
Political consumerism and the decline of class politics in Western Europe
This article examines whether social class influences the likelihood of engaging in political consumerism in Western Europe. Political consumption is the intentional buying or abstention from buying (boycotting) specific products for political, ethical, or ecological reasons. The interest in analyzing political consumerism lies in substantive and theoretical reasons. First, it is a widespread but not very adequately studied form of noninstitution…
Do information-rich contexts reduce knowledge inequalities? The contextual determinants of political knowledge in Europe
Multi-dimensional economic voting in Spain: The 2008 election
Correspondence between the Objective and Subjective Economies: The Role of Personal Economic Circumstances
The impact of sociotropic economic satisfaction on the vote has been thoroughly analysed. However, knowledge about how citizens acquire information about the economy and the degree of correspondence between objective macroeconomic changes and citizens' subjective economic perceptions is much more limited. While the effect of partisan rationalisation has recently received some attention, the role of objective personal economic conditions in assess…
Economic vote instability: Endogeneity or restricted variance? Spanish panel evidence from 2008 and 2011
While the economic vote exists in Western democracies, the question of its stability remains a subject of controversy. This article focuses on two possible factors behind the instability observed: the endogeneity problem and the restricted variance problem. The former concerns the influence of partisan thinking on economic perception, while the latter concerns the influence of economic crisis, when virtually all voters may perceive a bad economy.…
Does deliberation contribute to decreasing the gender gap in knowledge
This article tests the role of deliberation in potentially reducing the gender gap in knowledge. It compares gender differences in knowledge of both participants and non-participants before and after the Europolis deliberative event took place by making use of the difference in difference estimation method. Findings show that deliberation increases the political knowledge of participants (especially women) suggesting that it contributes to reduci…
The Gender Gap in Political Knowledge: Is It All About Guessing? An Experimental Approach
This article analyzes the extent to which the format and the "Do not know" (DK) protocol of political knowledge questions influence the size of the gender gap. By using a set of experiments that manipulated the DK protocol and the format (open vs. closed ended) of political knowledge questions in a face-to-face representative survey of the Spanish population, we show that the format of the questions (open vs. closed ended) is not relevant in expl…
Young and Gapped? Political Knowledge of Girls and Boys in Europe
This article aims at exploring the gender gap in levels of political knowledge, with a focus on lower secondary school students in Europe. Using the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2009 (ICCS), we find that boys outperform girls when asked about facts, but girls demonstrate greater knowledge when asked to reason about a particular political matter. Part of the gender gap in political knowledge among adolescents appears to be a…
Bridging the enduring gender gap in political interest in Europe: The relevance of promoting gender equality
Notwithstanding the improvement in gender equality in political power and resources in European democracies, this study shows that, on average, declared interest in politics is 16 per cent lower for women than for men in Europe. This gap remains even after controlling for differences in men's and women's educational attainment, material and cognitive resources. Drawing on the newly developed European Institute for Gender Equality's (EIGE) Gender …
Why Does Alejandro Know More about Politics than Catalina? Explaining the Latin American Gender Gap in Political Knowledge
This article tests contextual and individual-level explanations of the gender gap in political knowledge in Latin American countries. It suggests that this gap is impacted by political and economic settings through two interrelated mechanisms: gender accessibility (that is, the extent of available opportunities for women to influence the political agenda) and gender-bias signaling (that is, the extent to which women play important roles in the pu…
Is It Simply Gender? Content, Format, and Time in Political Knowledge Measures
Theories of democracy commonly assume that citizens must have a certain degree of information and factual knowledge to be able to understand the functioning of institutions, the performance of the incumbent government, and the actions of the main political actors. Political knowledge helps people to better assess their interest as individuals and as members of groups (Delli Carpini and Keeter 1996). Moreover, governments have more incentives to b…
Adult roles and the gender gap in political knowledge: A Comparative Study
The unusual size and persistence of the gender gap in political knowledge is perplexing in comparison to other dimensions of politics. Building on situational explanations of political engagement, this article claims that women’s and men’s specific adult roles lead to an enlargement of the gender gap in knowledge. The present study analyses men and women’s levels of political knowledge at different life stages by means of two unique datasets spec…
Economic and Cultural Drivers of Immigrant Support Worldwide
Employing a comparative experimental design drawing on over 18,000 interviews across eleven countries on four continents, this article revisits the discussion about the economic and cultural drivers of attitudes towards immigrants in advanced democracies. Experiments manipulate the occupational status, skin tone and national origin of immigrants in short vignettes. The results are most consistent with a Sociotropic Economic Threat thesis: In all …
Measuring sexism and gender attitudes in Round 11 of the European Social Survey
This article introduces the new module Gender in Contemporary Europe: Rethinking Equality and the Backlash developed for Round 11 of the European Social Survey (ESS). The module represents the first large-scale, cross-national effort to comprehensively map contemporary gender attitudes using both established and innovative measures. It captures five interrelated contemporary concepts that have rarely been included in prior cross-national surveys …
Political science (18 works) · Economics (16 works) · Politics (15 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (12 works) · Law (10 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (10 works) · Law (9 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Demographic economics (6 works)